Biomedical subjects

R Suzuki

Publications and source records attributed to R Suzuki.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Similarities and differences between the Kelman phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction procedures in the spontaneous regression of corneal astigmatism from against-the-rule astigmatism.

We perspectively examined the induction and spontaneous regression of corneal astigmatism from preoperative against-the-rule astigmatism [Kelman phacoemulsification (KPE), n = 618; extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), n = 192] among cataract extraction surgeries (KPE, n = 1,648; ECCE, n = 443). All data were set on a double-angle coordinate graph, from which the mean +/- SE of the axis and the amount of astigmatism were obtained simultaneously. In the KPE group, the surgically induced astigmatism was independent of preoperative state or age. In the ECCE group, surgically induced astigmatism shifted toward with-the-rule astigmatism, and postoperative recovery was delayed longer in patients over 80 years of age than in those under 70. Postoperative against-the-rule astigmatism was more frequent after KPE. Our first trial to calculate astigmatism from a double-angle coordinate graph was useful in showing astigmatism changes.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Ibudilast may improve retinal circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Ibudilast selectively vasodilates cerebral vessels without reducing blood pressure. We investigated the effect of the drug on retinal circulation in 8 patients with diabetes mellitus, using the video-densitometric image analysis of fluorescein angiography. We compared the build up time, the time constant of washout rate and the mean circulation time (MCT) before and after oral therapy with ibudilast. After 2 weeks of daily administration (30 mg), MCT was shortened significantly (4.2 +/- 2.8 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.6 s, p = 0.0215). Since retinal circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus was improved by ibudilast, the drug may be useful to treat disorders such as diabetic retinopathy.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

Effect of moxisylyte hydrochloride (alpha 1-blocker) on the retinal circulation of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Moxisylyte hydrochloride (alpha 1-blocker) selectively vasodilates cerebral vessels without reducing blood pressure. We investigated the effect of the drug on retinal circulation in 15 patients (17 eyes) with diabetes mellitus, using the video-densitometric image analysis of fluorescein angiography. We compared the build-up time (BT), the time constant of washout rate (TC) and the mean circulation time (MCT) before and after oral therapy with moxisylyte. In 16 eyes, BT was shortened significantly and MCT was only slightly shortened 1 h after oral therapy with moxisylyte. After 2 weeks of daily administration, MCT was shortened and TC of the artery was increased significantly in 6 eyes. Since retinal circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus was improved by moxisylyte, the drug may be useful to treat ocular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

Sudden against-the-rule astigmatism 6 months after intraocular lens implantation with the Kelman phacoemulsification procedure: 4 of 809 cases.

Of 809 eyes that underwent the Kelman phacoemulsification and aspiration (KPE) procedure, we report on 4 patients (0.49%) who developed sudden against-the-rule (AR) astigmatism after intraocular lens implantation. These patients had had with-the-rule astigmatism preoperatively to 3 months postoperatively and suddenly developed AR astigmatism 6 months after surgery. To study the development and progression of AR astigmatism in these patients (group A), we compared their 6-month time course with that of 257 patients (group B) with postoperative AR astigmatism. In group A, the degree of astigmatism was not significantly different from group B astigmatism preoperatively (1.03 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.04 dptr) and 6 months postoperatively (1.32 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.26 +/- 0.05 dptr). However, 1 week postoperatively, the astigmatism of the 4 cases was much greater (5.72 +/- 0.14 dptr) than that of the others (2.32 +/- 0.07 dptr). These rare 4 cases, which had no other unusual characteristics, are indicative of the importance of a careful follow-up even if the post-KPE course seems uneventful.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Outcome of preoperative against-the-rule astigmatism after phacoemulsification: characteristic changes over time. Part II.

To determine the outcome of preoperative against-the rule (AR) astigmatism among 1,648 phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) procedures, we analyzed the post-cataract time course of astigmatism over 6 months in 618 eyes divided into three groups. In preoperative AR astigmatism less than 0.75 dptr (n = 208), the astigmatism increase 1 week postoperatively was rapid. In preoperative AR astigmatism greater than or equal to 1.5 dptr (n = 185), no difference in the power of astigmatism was apparent between 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The third group (0.75 less than or equal to preoperative AR astigmatism less than 1.5 dptr, n = 143) showed intermediate characteristics. The eyes with preoperative low AR astigmatism showed exacerbation of astigmatism after the PEA procedure, whereas the degree of astigmatism, corneal curvatures and the rate of AR astigmatism became lower in the eyes with higher preoperative AR astigmatism.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Intraocular muscle function in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Pseudoexfoliation (PE) material has been studied pathologically. However, there are no reports about intraocular muscle function in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS). We studied intraocular muscle function in 12 patients (70.3 +/- 10.1 years of age) with ipsilateral PE material by measuring the time course of pupillary diameter change and accommodogram. Initial intraocular pressure (16.3 +/- 4.2 mmHg) was significantly higher in eyes with PXS than in normal fellow eyes (13.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg). The pupillary diameter of an affected eye was smaller than that of a fellow eye after bilateral topical application of tropicamide. Continuous near-point testing revealed no significant difference; accommodative contractile time, relaxation time, and/or accommodopattern showed different patterns from the fellow eye. The results suggest that intraocular muscle function is disturbed in PXS.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMed1992

Laser trabeculostimulation in open-angle glaucoma: a new trial. Part I.

We describe herein a new trial to stimulate trabecular meshwork tissue and thereby increase outflow facility. The efficacy of our laser trabeculostimulation (LTS) was compared with that of conventional laser trabeculoplasty (LTP), since LTP causes shrinkage and cicatrization of the meshwork tissue, thus limiting the reduction of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP). The mean preoperative IOP of 40 eyes was 24.9 +/- 6.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SD). LTS was applied with a 50-microns spot, a power setting of 50 mW and an exposure time of 1 s. With LTS, the IOP decreased but then increased afterward. Results indicate that low power (50 mW) is effective if used for a longer duration. Our LTS can be applied repeatedly and used in addition to conventional LTP. Although our LTS was less effective than LTP, the trial may lead to the development of another useful treatment modality.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Astigmatism after phacoemulsification and aspiration procedures: BENT versus standard incisions.

We examined the induction and spontaneous regression of corneal astigmatism among 1,023 phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) cataract surgeries performed with standard (n = 831) and BENT incisions (n = 192). The BENT (between 9 and 12 o'clock) incision is a method of entering the anterior chamber from the oblique side. In the BENT group, the degree of astigmatism was not significantly different from the standard group, 3 months postoperatively (1.48 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.25 +/- 0.04 dptr.) and 6 months postoperatively (1.30 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.28 +/- 1.28 +/- 0.06 dptr.). However, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, the astigmatism resulting from the BENT incision was much less than that of the standard PEA incision (1.69 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.96 +/- 0.05 and 1.60 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.05 dptr, respectively). Visual acuity also improved faster. The BENT procedure is recommended, because it is a simple way to lessen astigmatism.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Parental methylation patterns of a transgenic locus in adult somatic tissues are imprinted during gametogenesis.

The methylation status of a mouse metallothionein-I/human transthyretin fusion gene was studied during gametogenesis in transgenic mice. In the adult tissues of this mouse line, the promoter region of the transgene on chromosome 11 is methylated when it is maternally inherited and undermethylated when it is paternally inherited. Germ cells from various developmental stages of gametogenesis were isolated, and their DNAs were assayed using methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases and the polymerase chain reaction. Only low to nonexistent levels of transgene methylation were detected in germ cells from 14.5-day-old male and female fetuses irrespective of the parental origin of the transgene. This undermethylated state persisted in oocytes from newborn females as well as in testicular spermatogenic cells and sperm. By contrast, the transgene promoter was completely methylated in fully grown oocytes arrested at the first meiotic prophase. The endogenous metallothionein-I gene promoter, located on a different chromosome, remained undermethylated at all stages examined, consistent with previous findings reported for a typical CpG island. Taken together, the results suggest that parental-specific adult patterns of transgene methylation are established during gametogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Determination of ornithine conjugates of some carboxylic acids in birds by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of ornithine conjugation of some carboxylic acids in vitro has been developed. The ornithine conjugates of benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, furancarboxylic acid and phenylacetic acid in an incubation mixture with kidney mitochondria were well separated on a reversed-phase C18 column using a mixture of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer and methanol as the mobile phase. In addition, by varying the pH of the mobile phase and utilizing the absorption wavelengths (nm) of the conjugates it was possible to resolve and specifically detect each conjugate. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.2-16 micrograms/ml for all compounds and the detection limits were about 50 ng/ml except for the ornithine conjugate of phenyl acetic acid (S/N = 2). The ornithine conjugation of some carboxylic acids with chicken kidney mitochondria were determined by this assay method. The activity of ornithine conjugation of benzoic acid, furancarboxylic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid and phenylacetic acid were 14.5, 5.5, 0.5 and 6.9 nmol/mg of protein, respectively. Moreover, the ornithine conjugation and the glycine conjugation of benzoic acid were examined in birds and rodents. The ornithine conjugation was observed only in chicken (14.5 nmol/mg of protein) and mallard (0.99 nmol/mg of protein).

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Simulation of the profile of water, NaCl, and urea transport in the countercurrent multiplication system between thin ascending limb and inner medullary collecting duct.

We simulated the profiles of water, NaCl, and urea transport in the countercurrent multiplication system between thin ascending limb (TAL) and inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) by a mathematical model consisting of three compartments (TAL, IMCD, and CNW [capillary network]), using phenomenological coefficients for hamsters. They are separated by two membranes with distinct permeability properties. The primary driving force which generates "single effect" has a lower reflection coefficient for urea than for NaCl in IMCD. The difference in urea and NaCl concentrations between CNW and IMCD provides an effective osmotic driving force which is favorable for water absorption from IMCD without physicochemical osmotic gradient. The entry of water in the CNW reduces the concentration in CNW and generates the concentration gradients which are favorable for these solutes to diffuse out of TAL. Thus, the fluid in IMCD is concentrated and that in TAL is diluted. The results of simulation showed that the concentration gradients were generated along the medullary axis, resulting in excretion of hypertonic urine. In addition, we examined effects of changes in phenomenological coefficients of IMCD on this concentrating system. Decreases in permeability and in reflection coefficient for urea and increase in hydraulic conductivity increased the osmotic gradients along each compartment.

Body Water↗

PubMed1992

Different molecular forms of C-type natriuretic peptide isolated from the brain and heart of an elasmobranch, Triakis scyllia.

The presence of a C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has been reported in the brain of mammals, birds, amphibians and teleost fishes, mostly as a 22-residue peptide (CNP-22). In the present study, we attempted to isolate natriuretic peptides from an elasmobranch, Triakis scyllia, using a chick rectum-relaxant assay, and different molecular forms of CNP were found in the brain and heart. Only CNP-22 was recovered from the brain, as is the case in other vertebrates. A large amount of prohormone (proCNP or CNP-115) and small amounts of its C-terminal peptides (CNP-38 and CNP-39) were isolated from the atrium and ventricle, however. No CNP-22 was recovered from the heart. Natriuretic peptides other than CNP were not isolated from Triakis heart and brain by the rectum-relaxant assay. The 22 residues at the C-terminal region of proCNP, i.e. CNP-22, were well conserved when Triakis and mammals were compared, although the sequence homology of the N-terminal segment of proCNP was very low. Not only was CNP-22 identical but the N-terminal segments of proCNP were also quite similar when Triakis and another elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus canicula, were compared. These data suggest that, in elasmobranchs, CNP is a primary hormone in the natriuretic peptide family, and also that CNP is processed differently in the brain and heart.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

The role of endothelin-1 in the origin of cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) endothelin (ET)-1-like immunoactivity in 27 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was measured serially by radioimmunoassay for 2 weeks after SAH onset. Mean ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in plasma of patients with SAH were highly elevated during the whole study period, while the levels in CSF of the same patients were not. Plasma ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in patients with SAH classified as Fisher computerized tomography (CT) Group 3 were higher than those in patients with SAH classified as Fisher CT Groups 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in plasma ET-1-like immunoactivity levels between the patient groups stratified by Hunt and Kosnik grade. In this series, plasma ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in the 12 patients with vasospasm were higher than those in the 15 patients without vasospasm during the 1st week; CSF ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in patients with vasospasm were in the normal range on Days 0 to 3 after SAH onset, then became elevated on Days 5 to 7 and remained high until the end of the 2nd week. In contrast, CSF ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in patients without vasospasm were within the normal range during the entire period of study. The time course of the occurrence of vasospasm and that of the increase in CSF ET-1-like immunoactivity coincided precisely. The possible role of endogenous ET-1 in the pathogenesis of vasospasm due to SAH is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of cepharanthin on leukopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy in lung cancer patients].

We studied the effects of Cepharanthin (CEP) on bone marrow suppression induced by chemotherapy in 18 primary lung cancer patients (14 NSCLC, 4 SCLC). NSCLC patients received IP (IFM+CDDP) therapy and SCLC patients received ION (IFM+VCR+ACNU) therapy. For the control, we chose the first course and we administered CEP (1 mg/kg) during the second course. The rate of leukopenia and neutropenia was significantly lower during the CEP course than during the control (p less than 0.01). The recovery rate (at 3 weeks) of leukopenia and neutropenia was significantly higher during the CEP course than during the control (p less than 0.05). But, obvious effects of CEP for lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were not obtained. Side effects by CEP were not observed in this study. These data suggest that the large dose of CEP contributes to the prevention of leukopenia, especially neutropenia, in patients who receive a sufficient amount of anticancer drugs.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effects of orally administered beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium-channel blockers on the intraocular pressure of patients with treated hypertension.

Little attention has been paid to the influence of orally administered antihypertensive drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP). Therefore, we evaluated the effects of oral medications on the IOPs and visual fields of 70 patients with systemic hypertension who had no ocular symptoms and had not visited any eye hospital. In patients with systemic hypertension treated with medication, the IOP value (mean, 18.3 +/- 4.2 mmHg; age range, 63.3 +/- 11.6 years) was significantly higher than in a control group with a similar age range who were not receiving oral medication (mean, 13.7 +/- 2.0 mmHg; age range, 62.5 +/- 7.8 years). In the group in which hypertension was controlled by medication, the IOPs were lower when orally administered beta-adrenergic blockers were given than in those patients with uncontrolled hypertension. In the group to whom calcium-channel blockers were administered orally, the IOPs were not lower. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors made the visual fields worse. This study suggests a modulating influence of orally administered drugs on the IOP and visual fields, which may be affected by whether or not the patient's blood pressure is controlled.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1992

[Lobenzarit disodium (CCA)--induced diabetes insipidus in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].

A 44-year-old female with 16-year history of rheumatoid arthritis visited Akiru Hospital with complaints of a thirst, a dry mouth and a general fatigue. One week prior to admission, the patient manifested excessive thirsty feeling, a body weight loss and a sleepless by the polyuria. She has been given 5-10 mg of prednisolone and 240 mg of lobenzarit disodium (CCA) in a day for 11 months. A hematologic examination showed no abnormality, and the examination of her serum showed the following values: BUN, 9.3 mg/dl; creatinine, 0.9 mg/dl; sodium, 139 mEq/l; chloride, 102 mEq/l; potassium, 3.9 mEq/l; osmolality, 290 mOsm/l. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level increased slightly (6.0 pg/ml). Examination of her urine revealed specific gravity, 1.005; no trace of glucose, protein, blood and ketones; normal sediment; and osmolality, 209 mOsm/l. The patient was given exogenous ADH (10 units of vasopressin tannate in oil, intramuscularly) to obtain a diagnosis, and she was found to be unable to concentrate her urine more than 1.008 in the specific gravity. A water restriction, as a test for diabetes insipidus, also failed to concentrate her urine in the specific gravity and in the osmolality. Together with these findings, the patient was diagnosed to be a diabetes insipidus, and CCA was seemed to account for the disease. This unfavorable effect of CCA appeared to be reversible, since the patient recovered her urinary concentrating ability after the medication of CCA was discontinued.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Complete but transient visual loss after yttrium aluminum garnet laser transscleral cyclocoagulation.

We report the case of a patient who had no light perception after neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser transscleral cyclocoagulation. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported previously. A 56-year-old man with intractable open-angle glaucoma had intraocular pressures of 42 mmHg OD and 35mmHg OS. The patient rejected a recommended filtering operation, although argon laser trabeculoplasty and maximal medication had been ineffective OU. We used the free-running mode of an Nd:YAG laser to treat this patient. After the tenth application, the patient suddenly noticed acute visual loss OD. He was admitted to the hospital immediately. His retinal vessels and papilla OD could not be seen during fluorescein angiography. We administered pulsed corticosteroids and a stellate ganglion block. Gradually, his symptoms improved. The indications for using Nd:YAG laser cyclocoagulation have been expanded. However, as a result of our experience in this patient, we concluded that such therapy should be limited to cases not amenable to other forms of medical and surgical treatment.

Autonomic Nerve Block↗

PubMed1992

[A clinical study of combined therapy of aspoxicillin and ceftazidime on intractable respiratory infections].

Both aspoxicillin (ASPC) and ceftazidime (CAZ) were administered together to 55 patients with intractable respiratory tract infections. ASPC and CAZ were administered at daily doses of 4 g and 2 to 4 g, respectively. Clinical effects were excellent in 11 cases, good in 33, fair in 7 and poor in 4, thus the efficacy rate was 80.0%. Bacteriologically, identified organisms were eradicated in 14 cases out of 21, decreased in 3, exchanged in 2 and unchanged in 2. The eradication rate was 76.2%. As a side effect, diarrhea was found in only one case, and abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 4 cases. However, these adverse reactions were not severe, therefore it was possible to continue the chemotherapy. These results indicate that the combination antimicrobial chemotherapy of ASPC and CAZ is effective against intractable respiratory tract infections.

Adult↗