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Biomedical subjects

R Stute

Publications and source records attributed to R Stute.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effects on parameters of glucose homeostasis in healthy humans from ingestion of leguminous versus maize starches.

BACKGROUND: Due to their lower glycaemic index, leguminous seeds affect human carbohydrate metabolism lesser than do cereals. Problems, however, could arise from side effects, e.g., increasing flatulence. AIM OF THE STUDY AND METHODS: In 26 healthy subjects, metabolic and symptomatic responses following acute ingestion of equivalent amounts of pure pea starch (NASTAR (Cosucra BV, Rosendaal/The Netherlands), crude yellow pea flour (CPC Deutschland, Germany), and modified and unmodified cornstarches (SNOWFLAKE and SIRONA, Cerestar/Germany) were assessed, i.e., plasma glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, hydrogen exhalation, and flatulence. RESULTS: Pure pea starch elicited less hyperglycaemia (minus 47 %), hyperinsulinaemia (minus 54 %), and C-peptide secretion (minus 37 %) as compared to cornstarch (p<0.05), while the responses to modified versus unmodified corn starch were similar (8 subjects, n.s.). Pure pea and corn starches were equally well tolerated, while flatulence and breath hydrogen concentration were increased only after the intake of crude pea flour. Maldigestion of pea flour was calculated to be around 10 % (reference lactulose). CONCLUSIONS: The well-known metabolic advantages of pea starch over cornstarch were confirmed. Tolerability of pure pea starch was excellent, but not of crude pea flour. Provided it has the same technical characteristics, pure pea starch as a "prebiotic" could replace cornstarch in industrial food production.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[3 years experience with the Capture-R-Solid Phase antibody identification test].

Solid-phase capture methodology is very helpful to find and identify red cell antibodies. Cold agglutinins like anti-I, anti-H, anti-IH, anti-P1, anti-Lea, anti-Leb, anti-M, or anti-N cannot be detected if they are isolated IgM class antibodies. It is very doubtful that these antibodies are of any clinical importance. We missed one IgM Anti-Lea, but we found additional 40 IgG class antibodies with known clinical importance which neither could be detected nor identified by conventional test procedures.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1989

[HIV infection in stage IV C-2 (CDC). Increase in the p24 antigen value before critical decrease in CD4+ lymphocytes].

The Center for Disease Control proposed a classification system of HIV-infection including a symptomatic stage IV C-2 with secondary infections like thrush, oral hairy leukoplakia and herpes zoster. Because the prognostic value of these symptoms for the development of AIDS has been proven and the CDC-classification does not include any immunological parameters we analyzed the numbers of CD4+-lymphocytes and the frequency of HIV-antigen in 65 HIV-infected individuals. When entering stage IV C-2, the incidence of HIV-antigenemia was as high as in full blown AIDS (53% and 60%, respectively). However, we observed no decrease of CD4+-lymphocytes as compared to earlier CDC-stages.--We conclude that in stage IV C-2 the increase of viral protein production proceeds independently from CD4+-status.

CD4 Antigens↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnostic value of the determination of HIV antigen in enzyme immunoassay].

Enzyme-immunoassays (EIA) for HIV antigen and antibodies were performed on 33,076 serum samples during an 11-month period. Prospective analysis involved samples from 21,496 blood donors, 11,086 samples sent in as coming from "high-risk" persons and 101 samples from AIDS patients, while retrospectively samples from 393 high-risk persons, including a group of homosexuals from New York, were tested. No HIV antigen was found among blood donors, although during the test period seroconversion of one blood donor had been noted. Among 297 persons infected with HIV, 82 sera were positive for HIV antigen, always in combination with HIV antibodies: there was no case positive for HIV antigen but negative for HIV antibodies. The results suggests that at present it is not necessary routinely to test blood donors for HIV antigen by EIA.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Comparison in sensitivity of 10 HIV antibody detection tests by serial dilutions of Western blot-confirmed samples.

Nine ELISA tests and one particle agglutination test for the detection of HIV antibodies were analysed using serial dilutions of Western blot-confirmed positive serum samples. These samples were diluted in HIV antibody negative human serum in a range of 1:10 to 1:10,000 or 1:100,000. Remarkable differences in sensitivity were observed. Some tests were 10- to 100-fold more sensitive than others, and even differences of 1000-fold were detected.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Absence of detectable hepatitis B virus DNA in sera and liver of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis.

The risk of hepatitis B infections has been reduced by screening of blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, recipients remain at significant risk of developing post-transfusion hepatitis. Studies have shown that non-A, non-B hepatitis virus(es) are responsible for the majority of post-transfusion hepatitis infections. In spite of many efforts, these non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses have not yet been identified. Epidemiological studies, however, suggest that non-A, non-B hepatitis shares many features with hepatitis B. Recently, Wands et al [1982] showed, in chimpanzees infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis agents, the presence of antigenemia or viremia by radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies directed toward distinct determinants of HBsAg and by molecular hybridization analysis. They suggested that non-A, non-B hepatitis agents may be related, but distinct variant(s) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). In this study, five chimpanzees were inoculated with three different agents that have been shown to transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis. The following inocula were used (I) a factor VIII preparation kindly provided by D.W. Bradley, (II) acute phase serum from a chimpanzee infected with the F strain kindly provided by A.J. Zuckerman, and (III) a DS-antigen serum previously shown by us to transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis [Duermeyer et al, 1983]. All chimpanzees developed a rise in transaminase levels between 8 and 10 weeks after inoculation. None of the chimpanzees was positive for any markers of HBV infection. No evidence was obtained of infection with hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus. One chimpanzee developed chronic liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary results of transmission experiments of non-A, non-B hepatitis by mononuclear leucocytes from a chronic patient.

Mononuclear leucocytes (mainly lymphocytes), isolated by Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation of blood freshly drawn from a haemophilia A patient with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB), caused NANB when infused in a susceptible chimpanzee. Plasma from the same patient also transmitted the disease, as witnessed by elevated levels of liver enzymes in serum, histopathological signs of viral hepatitis and submicroscopic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes, considered to be specific for NANB in chimpanzees. In contrast, neither lymphocytes nor plasma from a chimpanzee apparently fully recovered from two episodes of NANB had the same effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for an antigen related to non-A, non-B hepatitis and its antibody: partial characterization of the antigen and chimpanzee transmission.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed based on sera from patients convalescent from non-A, non-B hepatitis and haemophilia A patients who had been frequently treated with commercial blood products. Using this ELISA, an antigen was detected which appears to be related to non-A, non-B hepatitis. The antigen is provisionally designated as DS-antigen (DS-Ag). The serum of another patient with haemophilia A, which was strongly positive for the DS-Ag, caused a typical case of non-A, non-B hepatitis in a chimpanzee. DS-Ag could be detected in the serum of the chimpanzee during the acute phase of the infection. The ELISA for DS-Ag reacted with neither hepatitis A or B virus antigens, nor Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus. The assay was provisionally evaluated using sera from different groups of patients. Out of 17 patients with posttransfusion hepatitis non-A, non-B, 11 were found positive in the ELISA for DS-Ag (65%). As expected, a relatively high prevalence of DS-Ag (9%) was found in patients with haemophilia, who are regularly treated with blood-clotting factor-concentrates. Antibodies to DS-Ag were found in 48% of these patients. The DS-Ag was found in 8 of 1400 (0.6%) volunteer blood donors, and antibody to DS-Ag in 3% of the sera. Remarkably, a high incidence (41%) of antibodies to DS-Ag was found in prostitutes, suggesting that this antigen may be transmitted by a sexual route. The DS-Ag was pelleted by ultracentrifugation for four hours at 100,000g and was found to have a buoyant density of 1.32 g/cm3 in a CsCl gradient.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of DS-antigen, an antigen related to non-A, non-B hepatitis. I. Physico-chemical properties.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for an antigen (termed DS-Ag) related to non-A, non-B hepatitis has recently been developed in our laboratory. The DS-Ag was derived from a proven infectious serum obtained from a patient with haemophilia and it was also detected in the acute phase serum of an experimentally infected chimpanzee. The DS-Ag has now been shown to have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.32 g/cm2 and a sedimentation coefficient of 20 S. The mean molecular weight, determined by gel chromatography on 4% agarose columns, was found to be 0.9 x 10(6). The DS-Ag recovered from acute-phase chimpanzee serum has identical characteristics. The DS-Ag is stable for 1 h at 56 degrees C, at pH 3, in high concentration of CsCl or Nal and in 20% ether. Complete inactivation occurred after 1 min at 98 degrees C, at pH 2, in chloroform (1:1 mixture), in 1 ppm chlorine and in formalin (1:4000, 72 h 37 degrees C). Our studies showed that DS-Ag bears no resemblance to particles related to well-documented forms of viral hepatitis types A and B or other known pathogens. The DS-Ag is a complex substance which forms an antigenic entity related to non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of hepatitis non-A, non-B antigen and antibody.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, based on sera from patients convalescent from non-A, non-B hepatitis and haemophilia A patients. Using this ELISA an antigen (DS-Ag) was detected which appears to be related to non-A, non-B hepatitis. The serum of another patient with haemophilia A, which was strongly positive for the DS-Ag, caused non-A, non-B hepatitis in a chimpanzee. DS-Ag could be detected in the serum of the chimpanzee during the acute phase of the infection. The ELISA for DS-Ag did not react with either hepatitis A or B virus antigens, or with Epstein-Barr virus or Cytomegalovirus. The assay was provisionally evaluated using sera from different groups of patients. From 17 patients with post-transfusion hepatitis non-A, non-B, 11 were found positive in the ELISA for DS-Ag (65%). A relatively high prevalence of DS-Ag (17%) and -antibodies (20%) was found in patients with haemophilia, who are regularly treated with blood clotting factor concentrates. The DS-Ag was found in 8 of 1400 (0,6%) volunteer blood donors, and antibody to DS-Ag in 3% of the sera. Remarkably, a high incidence (41%) of antibodies to DS-Ag was found in prostitutes, suggesting that this antigen may be transmitted by a sexual route as well. The DS-Ag was pelleted by ultracentrifugation for 4 h at 100.000 xg and was found to have a buoyant density of 1.32 g/cm3 in a CsCl gradient.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Post-transfusion hepatitis: can the problem be solved today? (author's transl)].

Among 333 patients followed-up after surgery involving a heart-lung machine between 1975 and 1976 seven (2.1%) fell ill with hepatitis. Only in two of them (0.6%) hepatitis B had occurred, caused by HBs-antigen positive blood which had had to be given for a vital indication without testing beforehand. This low rate of disease must now be considered preventable, as in 1975, the time of the transfusions, blood donor control had not reached present-day perfection due to the short period of use of radioimmuno-assay (RIA). In two patients (0.6%) non-B hepatitis following transfusion cannot be excluded although in one patient use of PPSB may be responsible for the disease. Among the 3 other hepatitis cases no aetiological connection between hepatitis and transfusion could be established on the grounds of the incubation period.

Extracorporeal Circulation↗
PubMed1980

[Post-transfusional hepatitis B: a solvable problem? (author's transl)].

Forty-four patients with haemophilia A or von Willebrand-Jürgens syndrome were followed for three years. They received about 28 000 cryoprecipitate produced in the author's laboratories, without a single case of hepatitis B. There were seven among these patients who had no antibodies against surface antigen: they had received a total of 2533 cryoprecipitate. There were no seroconversion or transaminase changes in comparison with values before cryoprecipitates.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Frequency of hepatitis B after open heart surgery: a retrospective study over a three-year period (1974--1976).

In spite of intensive efforts to reduce the risk of hepatitis B after heart operations, this complication is observed in 40 % or more of the cases. Over a period of three years (1974--1976) we examined 588 patients who had undergone open heart surgery. The following results were found: In 1974 the hepatitis frequency was 2.0 %, while in 1975 and 1976 it was 0.6 % hepatitis B and 0.6 % non-B hepatitis. We believe the reason for this improvement is a more careful selection of blood donors and their continuous control according to the following parameters: regular clinical observation; regular chest x-ray; determination of BSR, hemoglobin and aminotransferase; TPHA test; and search for antibodies. In 1974 hepatitis-B-surface-antigen (HBsAg) was detected by means of reverse hemagglutination tests. Since 1975 a modified radioimmunoassay has been used for this purpose. No donor blood with abnormal results was transfused, except for a very small number of extreme emergencies. The good results demonstrated can only be obtained by following the described program and by strictly avoiding pool preparations.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1979

[Complement-fixing antibodies to chlamydia in the population (author's transl)].

2,213 sera of normal persons and of men with nongonococcal urethritis were tested by CF. 4.5% of the males, 9.2% of the females, and 10.8% of the urethritis-patients had titers of 1 : greater than or equal to 16 when tested against a group-specific chlamydial antigen. The usefullness of the CFT for seroepidemiological studies was confirmed.

Adolescent↗