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Biomedical subjects

R Steinberg

Publications and source records attributed to R Steinberg.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of intense physical activity on the bone-mineral content in the lower limbs of young adults.

The effect of intense physical training on the bone-mineral content of young adults who are unaccustomed to physical activity has not yet been established. In this study, 268 male recruits, eighteen to twenty-one years old, were evaluated before and after fourteen weeks of strenuous physical training. The bone-mineral content of both legs at the level of the distal third of the tibia in each individual was measured using single-beam photon absorptiometry. The subjects started their training with equal values for bone-mineral content in both legs. During the training period, the average bone-mineral content of the left leg increased by 11.1 per cent and that of the right leg, by 5.2 per cent. In the group of subjects who did not complete the training course, mainly because they incurred stress fractures, the increase in bone-mineral content was significantly less than the increase in those who completed the program. This study indicated that in young adults a high level of loading of bone results in either a stress fracture or a rapid increase in bone-mineral content.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Medial tibial pain. A prospective study of its cause among military recruits.

In a prospective study of 295 infantry recruits during 14 weeks of basic training, 41% had medial tibial pain. Routine scintigraphic evaluation in cases of medial tibial bone pain showed that 63% had abnormalities. A stress fracture was found in 46%. Only two patients had periostitis. None had ischemic medial compartment syndrome. Physical examination could not differentiate between cases with medial tibial bone pain secondary to stress fractures and those with scintigraphically normal tibias. When both pain and swelling were localized in the middle one-third of the tibia, the lesion most likely proved to be a stress fracture.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1986

Osteoarthritis of the hand and osteoporosis.

The relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis of the hand was examined in a random sample of the Jewish population in Jerusalem. It was found that osteoporosis and osteoarthritis of the hand showed differing prevalences, only rarely coexisted, and that there was neither a positive nor a negative correlation between them (p greater than 0.05). This would strengthen the contention that these are two independent and unrelated disease processes.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Music psychopathology. I. Musical tempo and psychiatric disease.

In 53 psychiatric inpatients and 31 matched controls musical tempo was examined by means of instrumental playing of a well-known children's song. Despite an extreme interindividual tempo range the individual tempo remained surprisingly stable also over longer periods of time. The assumption that tempo would slow down in correlation with depressed mood could only be confirmed for endogenous-depressive patients, although neurotic and schizophrenic patients were often depressed to a comparable extent. Tapping at maximum speed refers to the supposed correlation with weakened motor performance in psychotic depression which is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Music psychopathology. II. Assessment of musical expression.

A short polarity profile which was well suited for the assessment of the musical expression of performances recorded from mentally ill patients and controls is described. 9 out of 12 polarities showed sufficient differentiating qualities, ranging from professional to poor amateur performances. Only 3 polarities had to be reformulated. The assessments of the 3 experts had a high interrater reliability and retest stability. The very significant correlation between the results of the experts and 50 independent subjects indicates the validity of the experiment.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Music psychopathology. III. Musical expression and psychiatric disease.

Musical expression of the instrumental playing of 61 mentally ill patients and 29 controls recorded several times was assessed by means of a short polarity profile. The performances were reversibly impaired in correlation with the psychopathology. Musical expression followed a systematic variation according to nosological classification. Endogenous-depressive patients could be clearly distinguished from neurotic-depressive patients due to weakened motoric qualities in their playing. In schizophrenia, motoricity did not seem to be so much involved, although the performances were altered in the dimension of musical logic and order. Maniform syndromes had the least effect on musical expression.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A prospective study of the effect of a shock-absorbing orthotic device on the incidence of stress fractures in military recruits.

In a prospective study of stress fractures the hypothesis that a shock-absorbing orthotic device worn within military boots could lessen the incidence of stress fractures was tested. The incidence of metatarsal, tibial, and femoral stress fractures was lower in the orthotic group, but only the latter difference was statistically significant. The time of onset and the location of stress fractures between orthotic and nonorthotic users did not differ. These findings suggest that the incidence of femoral stress fractures, which are the most dangerous type of stress fracture because of their high risk of developing into displaced fractures, can be reduced by an orthotic device.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1985

The normal range of subtalar inversion and eversion in young males as measured by three different techniques.

In a prospective study, 272 males aged 18 to 20 had goniometric measurement of their subtalar inversion and eversion by three different methods. Placing the ankle in dorsiflexion while performing the measurements decreased the mean inversion from 32 to 22 degrees but had little effect on eversion. The neutral position of the subtalar joint was found to have a mean value of 3 degrees of varus from the midpoint of the tibia. The technique for measuring subtalar motion as described by the Committee for the Study of Joint Motion of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has less subjective variables than the other two methods used in this study. Its use is therefore recommended if comparisons are to be made between series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Stress fractures in military recruits. A prospective study showing an unusually high incidence.

In a prospective study of 295 male Israeli military recruits a 31% incidence of stress fractures was found. Eighty per cent of the fractures were in the tibial or femoral shaft, while only 8% occurred in the tarsus and metatarsus. Sixty-nine per cent of the femoral stress fractures were asymptomatic, but only 8% of those in the tibia. Even asymptomatic stress fractures do, however, need to be treated. Possible explanations for the unusually high incidence of stress fractures in this study are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid: a possible indicator of neuronal damage in kainic acid lesions.

The presence of the neuron specific enolase (NSE) has been tested by sandwich enzyme immunoassay in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats after intrastriatal injection of various amounts of kainic acid (KA). Incremental release of NSE was observed in CSF for increasing concentrations of injected KA. Still, a significant decrease of NSE striatal content was detected only with the two maximal amounts of KA infused. These data indicate that measurements of NSE in CSF might be a more sensitive index of neuronal damage than the actual assay within the tissue, and also present the advantage of being a non-invasive method of investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Experimental brain ischemia: neuron-specific enolase level in cerebrospinal fluid as an index of neuronal damage.

Levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured in rat CSF following occlusion of the four major arteries to the brain for 10, 20, or 30 min. In the CSF of rats submitted to 30 min of total ischemia, an up to nine-fold increase of NSE level occurred within the first few hours and then slowly diminished. Significant levels were seen for as long as 8 days. Histological observations 3 days after ischemia showed neuronal loss as well as neuronal damage in several forebrain regions such as hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus. Ischemia was followed by transient decreases in exploration behavior and neurological states that were no longer visible 24 h later. After 10 or 20 min ischemia, NSE levels were increased to a lesser degree and fewer damaged neurons were observed. The positive correlation between duration of ischemia and amount of NSE release in CSF indicates that the measurement of NSE in the CSF is a sensitive and reliable index of neuronal lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Changes in extracellular potassium and calcium in rat cerebellar cortex related to local inhibition of the sodium pump.

Extracellular K+, Ca2+, and Na+ ([K+]e, [Ca2+]e, [Na+]e) were recorded with ion selective microelectrodes in the cerebellar cortex of urethane-anesthetized rats. Superfusion of the cerebellum with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing K-strophanthidin (10(-6)-10(-4) mol/l) or other cardioactive steroids, known to be inhibitors of the sodium/potassium pump, had the following effects: elevation of resting [K+]e, reduction of poststimulus K+-undershoots, decrease of resting [Ca2+]e and [Na+]e. For instance, at 3 X 10(-5) mol/l K-strophanthidin within the superfusion solution (the unknown intracerebellar concentration being certainly much smaller), [K+]e was elevated up to 130% and [Ca2+]e reduced to 70% of their resting values. Iontophoretic K+-pulses were enhanced in amplitude at the same time. Control experiments with iontophoretic TMA application demonstrated that the glycoside effects were not due (or in higher concentrations only partly due) to shrinkage of the extracellular fluid volume. When tetrodotoxin (10(-7) mol/l) or Mn2+ (1-3 mmol/l) were additionally superfused, K-strophanthidin effects were qualitatively similar, though quantitatively smaller. This indicates that part of the effects were indirect via neuronal activity evoked by the blockade of the sodium pump. The experiments show that reduction of sodium pump activity in cerebellar cortex has rapid and serious consequences on the distribution of potassium and calcium in the extracellular space, resulting in an alteration of neuronal circuit excitability.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia in a pair of monozygotic twins].

The case report describes two 20-year-old monozygotic twin sisters who have been suffering from the symptoms of primary anorexia nervosa for the last 10 years. Usually the disease manifested itself in such a manner that the twin who was currently in the mother's favour showed no signs of anorexia, whereas the other was severely afflicted. Occasionally, however, both girls suffered from the same anorectic symptoms at the same time. For the moment the condition of one of the twins seems to have become stable. Up to now the other twin has suffered three times from schizophrenic episodes which seem to be closely connected with the problems of anorexia. The most recent severe catatonic state, in particular, appeared to be a gradual transition from anorectic behaviour to psychotic experience so that the close relationship between primary anorexia and schizophrenic disturbances, as discussed in literature, becomes increasingly evident.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Osteoarthritis of the hip joint and osteoporosis: a radiological study in a random population sample in Jerusalem.

The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the hip and osteoporosis of the pelvis were examined in a random population sample in Jerusalem. Of the subjects reviewed, 16.1% showed osteoporosis of the pelvis, while osteoarthritis was noted in 4.1%. In only 0.5% did osteoarthritis and osteoporosis coexist in the same individual. Osteoporosis was more prevalent in the Far East population, while osteoarthritis appeared to bear no relationship to ethnic origin. It is suggested that osteoarthritis may be associated with high levels of physical activity, a characteristic of some Eastern populations.

Age Factors↗