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Biomedical subjects

R Srivastava

Publications and source records attributed to R Srivastava.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Exploration of antileishmanial activity in heterocycles; results of their in vivo & in vitro bioevaluations.

A total of 51 imidazoles, pyrroles, quinolines and isoxazolines compounds were screened for antileishmanial activity in vivo and in vitro, using Leishmania donovani as the test parasite. The screening revealed hitherto unknown antileishmanial activity in these heterocycles. Three of the compounds screened (one belonging to isoxazoline series and two from pyrrole series) showed significant anti-leishmanial activity, ranging from 86-91 per cent inhibition in hamsters. When tested in vitro, using macrophage amastigote culture system, these compounds showed inhibition of 62-78 per cent at 30 micrograms/ml concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of nalidixic acid in the treatment of acute bloody diarrhea.

Of sixty four children (mean age 20.1 +/- 1.2 mo) with acute bloody diarrhea and high fever, 47 had infection with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) (20), Shigella (15) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (12) and were treated with nalidixic acid (NA). The mean duration (h) of presence of macroscopic blood in the stool following institution of treatment was significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) in those with EPEC (11.5 +/- 4.9) as compared to NTS (30.4 +/- 15.4) or Shigella groups (22.9 +/- 15.6). The number of children having less than or equal to 50% reduction in stool frequency within 72 h was: NTS (17); Shigella (14); EPEC (10). Negative stool cultures on day 5 were obtained in all patients with Shigella and EPEC and 16 (80%) of those with NTS. Two patients with NTS and one with EPEC failed to respond to NA.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Oligonucleotide gene probes may detect enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli directly in fecal smears.

Diarrhoeal stools from 86 Indian children were examined for the presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by DNA hybridization on bacterial colonies as well as directly on fecal smears. Colony hybridization showed that 8 of the samples contained ETEC. Only in three of these specimens were all the colonies tested positive for ETEC. These samples were correctly identified by the stool smear hybridization assay. The remaining 5 specimens produced enterotoxigenic as well as nonenterotoxigenic colonies. These samples were all negative by the stool smear hybridization technique. Methodological improvements of the stool smear assay may provide a substantially simplified method for the otherwise cumbersome identification of ETEC.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1989

Quantitation and properties of fecal and upper small intestinal aerobic microflora in infants and young children with persistent diarrhea.

The duodenal juice and fecal aerobic microflora was investigated in 54 patients with persistent diarrhea (age less than or equal to 2 years). The duodenal aspirates yielded increased aerobic bacteria (greater than 10(5) organisms/ml) in 28 (51.9%) of the patients. Established enteric pathogens were isolated from the duodenal aspirates of 12 (22.2%) of the 54 patients, viz., enteroadherent Escherichia coli (EAEC) (5), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (3), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (1), nontyphoidal Salmonella (1), and Giardia lamblia (2). The total aerobic bacterial count was greater than 10(5) in all 12 patients positive for specific pathogens apart from one case in whom E. coli showing diffuse adherence to HEp-2 cells were identified. Among the remaining 42 specific pathogen-negative patients, 19 (45.2%) also had greater than 10(5) aerobic organisms/ml in the small bowel. Eight strains of Klebsiella from four of the patients were negative for enterotoxin production in a rabbit ileal loop assay and for adherence to HEp-2 cells. In contrast, 28/54 (51.9%) of the same patients had known enteric pathogens in their stools, viz., nontyphoidal Salmonella (8 or 14.8%), Shigella (2 or 3.7%), Campylobacter (1 or 1.9%), ETEC (4 or 7.4%), EPEC (2 or 3.7%), EAEC (7 or 13.0%), and G. lamblia and Entameba histolytica (3 or 5.6%). Further search for potential virulence factors among aerobic bacteria colonizing the upper small intestine in persistent diarrhea is warranted.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1988

Role of enteric adenoviruses and rotaviruses in mild and severe acute enteritis.

The role of enteric-type adenoviruses and rotaviruses in mild and severe acute gastroenteritis was investigated among children younger than 5 years of age seeking treatment at an urban hospital (UH) and at a rural health center (RHC) in India. There were 330 children at the UH and 340 at the RHC; 319 and 315 age matched nondiarrheal children served as controls for the respective groups. Rotavirus was detected in 15.2% of 330 cases and 1.9% of 319 controls at the UH (P less than 0.001) and in 16.5% of 340 cases and 2.9% of 315 controls at the RHC (P less than 0.001). RV excretion was 3- to 5-fold more common in severe compared with mild diarrhea at the UH and at the RHC (P less than 0.001). The detection rate for enteric-type adenoviruses was similar in patients and controls, respectively, at the UH (0.9%; 2.5%) and RHC (3.8%; 2.5%). At the RHC adenovirus types other than 40 and 41 were excreted by 8.8% of the patients and by only 1.0% of the controls (P less than 0.001). It is possible that the diarrheagenic role of adenoviruses may not be restricted to types 40 and 41.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1987

Megabase-scale mapping of the HLA gene complex by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

In the study of the genetic structure of mammalian chromosomes, there exists a "resolution gap" between molecular cloning experiments and meiotic linkage analyses. This gap has discouraged attempts to construct full-scale genetic maps of mammalian chromosomes. The organization of the human major histocompatibility complex was examined within this range by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The data obtained indicate that the complex spans over 3000 kilobases and enable the construction of a megabase-scale molecular map. These results indicate that the techniques employed in DNA extraction, enzymatic digestion, electrophoresis, and hybridization are suitable for the efficient analysis of megabase regions of mammalian chromosomes and effectively bridge the resolution gap between molecular cloning and classical genetics.

Animals↗