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Biomedical subjects

R Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to R Solomon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma: a report of four paediatric cases and review of the literature.

AIMS: To report a series of four paediatric cases of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) and add to the known extranodal sites of occurrence for this tumour. Neoplasms derived from interdigitating dendritic cells are rare, with only 33 cases being reported in the literature (Medline search). These tumours usually occur in lymph nodes in the adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients were a 10-year-old girl with a large soft tissue mass bulging into the left chest, a 12-year-old girl with a right paraspinal mass, a 21-month-old boy with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly and a 6-year-old girl with a large bladder mass. Paraffin blocks and haematoxylin and eosin slides were available in all cases. In addition, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed. A diagnosis of IDCS was made in all cases. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of IDCS can rarely be entertained on clinical information alone. Microscopically, there is a wide spectrum of features. Thus, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy are crucial in making the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes inflammatory pseudotumour, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, true histiocytic lymphoma, malignant Langerhans cell histiocytosis, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, melanoma, and a range of sarcomas. IDCS displays aggressive behaviour and approximately half of the patients die of the disease.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Long segment Hirschsprung's disease in the Waardenburg-Shah syndrome.

Presentation with signs of bowel obstruction in an infant with Waardenburg syndrome should raise the suspicion of aganglionosis. We report such a case of long segment Hirschsprung's disease associated with Waardenburg syndrome. Long term care of such children is fraught with high morbidity and mortality.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed2002

Digestibility by dairy cows of monosaccharide constituents in total mixed rations containing citrus pulp.

Ten lactating cows were divided into two groups and individually fed ad libitum one of two experimental total mixed rations (TMR) as follows: 1) a TMR containing 20% corn grain and 10% dry citrus pulp (high corn); and 2) a TMR containing 21% citrus pulp and 9% corn grain (high citrus pulp). Both TMR also contained corn silage (28%), legume haylage (19.5%), extruded full fat soybeans (13.5 to 14%), soybean meal (6.5%), and minerals and vitamins. Voluntary dry matter intake of cows consuming the high corn ration tended to be higher than for cows in the high citrus pulp group (22.2 vs. 20.7 +/- 1.0 kg/cow per day, respectively). Digestibility of NDF was higher for the TMR with high citrus pulp compared with the TMR with higher corn. Across treatments, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) glucose was more digestible than NDF xylose and uronic acids and less digestible than NDF arabinose, galactose, and mannose. Digestibility of total neutral detergent soluble carbohydrates was also higher in the high citrus pulp group (86.8, high citrus pulp vs. 80.3 +/- 1.7%, high corn); with glucose and uronic acids accounting for most of that difference. Consequently, higher total carbohydrate digestibility was obtained in the TMR containing higher citrus pulp compared with the TMR with a higher percentage of corn (77.1 and 72.5 +/- 1.0%, respectively). Slightly lower carbohydrate intake in cows fed higher citrus pulp was compensated by higher digestibility of carbohydrates and protein. Thereby, partial replacement of corn by citrus pulp in TMR of high producing dairy cows improved feed efficiency.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Joubert syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed2000

The young dancer.

The injuries that are prevalent in and unique to dancers have their origins inextricably linked to faulty technique or poor biomechanics, combined with other risk factors. It is this combination of factors that must be addressed when considering diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. For the dancer to return to full activity with minimal risk of recurrent injury, neuromuscular re-education is mandatory. This process best entails using a team approach, accessing the resources of healthcare professionals and those who train the dancer on a daily basis. In some cases, parents also may need to be involved. Communication, interaction, and mutual understanding among these groups will assist the dancer in regaining and maintaining health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The effect of nonstructural carbohydrate and addition of full fat extruded soybeans on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in the milk fat of dairy cows.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a naturally occurring anticarcinogen found in dairy products, is a byproduct of incomplete ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. Our objective was to determine the effect of nonstructural carbohydrate sources, addition of full fat extruded soybeans as a source of unsaturated fatty acids, and possible interactions on the milk fat content of CLA. Cows (n = 20) were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin square involving two sources of nonstructural carbohydrate, high starch (corn) or high pectin (citrus pulp), with or without addition of extruded soybeans. Milk yield was not affected by nonstructural carbohydrate source, but milk production was increased by 7.8 to 10.5% with dietary additions of extruded soybeans. Milk fat content did not differ between treatments, but fatty acid composition was affected. Cows fed extruded soybean diets had reduced concentrations of C8 to C16 fatty acids and increased concentrations of octadecenoic acids. Diets with extruded soybeans also resulted in more than a doubling in milk fat concentration and yield of CLA. Nonstructural carbohydrate source had only minor effects on CLA, and there was no interaction with extruded soybeans. Milk fat content of trans-C18:1 and CLA were closely related (r2 = 0.77). However, variation among cows was about threefold for each of the diets and rank order of individual cows differed among diets. Overall, we demonstrated that diet modification can be used to alter CLA content of milk fat, but there was substantial individual cow variation for all diets.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

Mental mobilization processes in critical incident stress situations.

In this article, the psychological emergency mobilization process that takes place in threat situations is postulated. Mental mobilization is the increased mental capability of the mind in critical situations to process incoming and stored information to enable adaptive survival responses. The processes that are mobilized in the service of survival are enhanced sensory awareness, focused attention, rapid processing of incoming data, and use of previous experience, enhanced memory, altered time perception, and temporary deactivation of emotional reactions. From a clinical standpoint, it is important that the survival value of these processes is understood, as survivors can be helped to feel a sense of accomplishment and empowerment when they are taken through a critical situation in a detailed way and discover that they have been able to function well and survive by use of their stored "experience," rapid processing of information or other aspects of their mental mobilization.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Randomized controlled trial of once vs. twice daily gentamicin therapy in newborn.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of once daily gentamicin administration to the conventional twice daily dosage schedule by estimation of serum gentamicin concentrations (SGC) in neonates. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Medical college hospital. SUBJECTS: Seventy three neonates of gestational age>32 weeks at risk or with clinical features of sepsis. METHODS: The subjects were divided into preterm and term groups. Babies in each of these groups were randomized to receive a single daily dose (4 mg/kg) or a twice daily dose (2.5 mg/kg) of injection gentamicin intravenously. Trough and peak SGC were estimated half an hour prior and one hour after the second dose. Statistical analysis was done using the equivalence method. RESULTS: In preterm as well as term babies, the mean peak and trough gentamicin levels were comparable in the two regimens. There is statistically significant evidence to show that the effect of once daily and twice daily dosage is similar. CONCLUSION: Once daily gentamicin administration is as effective as twice daily therapy and would be more cost effective.

Gentamicins↗
PubMed1999

Pseudo-aneurysm of the carotid bifurcation secondary to radiation.

Pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial carotid vessels have a varied etiopathogenesis. Cases have been attributed to spontaneous rupture, following tonsillectomy or peritonsillar abscesses, trauma, postanastamotic and, rarely, postirradiation, and ECMO. The authors present a case of a pseudoaneurysm involving the carotid artery bifurcation following radiation therapy. A saphenous vein graft was used to establish continuity between the common and the internal carotid arteries. A vascular shunt was used to maintain cerebral perfusion during surgery. This case highlights the technical difficulties encountered in correcting this condition. This case exemplifies the technical difficulties that are encountered in a complicated case such as this. Numerous previous operations and radiotherapy compounded the hazards of the surgical procedure. Although technically challenging, every attempt must be made to resect pseudoaneurysms caused by radiation induced vascular damage.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMed1998

Treatment of tinea capitis with itraconazole capsule pulse therapy.

BACKGROUND: The number of newly diagnosed cases of tinea capitis in children appears to be on the rise, particularly in urban centers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness, safety, and compliance of itraconazole pulse therapy for tinea capitis. METHODS: Fifty subjects (48 children [less than 18 years of age] and 2 adults) with tinea capitis were treated with pulse itraconazole in a multicenter evaluation. Each pulse lasted 1 week, with 2 weeks between the first two pulses and 3 weeks between the second and third pulses. The decision to administer a second or third pulse was determined by the response of the subject at the time that the next pulse was due. During the 1-week pulse of active therapy, itraconazole (5 mg/kg/day) was dosed as follows: more than 40 kg, 200 mg per day (two capsules per day); 20 to 40 kg, 100 mg per day (one capsule per day); and 10 to 19 kg, 50 mg per day (one half of a capsule per day). The duration of the study was 12 weeks with mycologic evaluation at this time. Subjects who were classified as treatment failures at 12 weeks after the start of therapy were given the option of receiving an additional 1-week pulse of active therapy, with 3 weeks between successive pulses. RESULTS: The causative organisms were Trichophyton tonsurans (41 subjects), T violaceum (7), T. soudanense (1), and T rubrum (1). Thirteen subjects were lost to follow-up, with 37 subjects (35 children and 2 adults) available for evaluation 12 weeks after the start of therapy. At this time, cure (clinical and mycologic) was observed in 30 (81%) of 37 subjects. When the tinea capitis was mild, cure was obtained after one pulse in two subjects and after two pulses in five subjects. With tinea capitis of moderate extent, complete cure was obtained after one pulse in one subject, two pulses in eight subjects, and after three pulses in seven subjects. When tinea capitis was severe, two and three pulses produced complete cure in one and six subjects, respectively. Of the seven subjects whose conditions failed to respond (three subjects with moderate disease and four subjects with severe disease), five subjects chose to receive extra itraconazole. Clinical and mycologic cure was observed after four pulses in four subjects and after five pulses in one subject. There were no associated clinical adverse effects with itraconazole therapy. CONCLUSION: With tinea capitis, itraconazole pulse therapy is effective and safe and is associated with high compliance. The pulse regimen enables the duration of treatment to be individualized, according to the extent of disease and its rate of resolution.

Antifungal Agents↗