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Biomedical subjects

R Smith

Publications and source records attributed to R Smith.

At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of high grade dyskaryotic cervical smears likely to be missed on rapid rescreening.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a type of high grade dyskaryotic cervical smear that is likely to be missed on rapid rescreening. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty high grade dyskaryotic smears that had originally been incorrectly reported as negative (FN) were admixed with 100 true negative smears. Each smear in the set was rapidly reviewed at least 40 times. The FN smears that were picked out on > 50% of screenings were compared with those that were passed as unremarkable on > 50% of screenings for features of the dyskaryotic cell population. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two types of FN smear were present in five aspects of the dyskaryotic cell population. A FN smear is more likely to be missed on rapid rescreening than to be selected for review if it has few dyskaryotic cells; if the dyskaryotic cells are small, with pale nuclei; and if they are scattered singly rather than in groups or syncytia. CONCLUSION: A type of severely dyskaryotic smear is likely to evade rapid rescreening as well as routine screening. This suggests that even when rapid rescreening is used as a quality assurance measure, the "zero-error standard" is unlikely to be attained.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibrinogen concentration in the aqueous humor of buphthalmic rabbits.

Fibrinogen concentration in the aqueous humor of buphthalmic rabbits, AXBU/J, and those of the normal parent strain AX/J are 0.36 +/- 0.14 and 0.08 +/- 0.01 mg/ml, respectively. There was no detectable fibrinogen in the aqueous humor of normal inbred strain III/J rabbits. Among the buphthalmic rabbits, elevated fibrinogen concentration in the aqueous humor was observed in two month old prodromal rabbits, indicating a small leakage of fibrinogen into the anterior chamber before the development of buphthalmia. Protein concentration in the aqueous humor was close to normal, in spite of an elevated level of fibrinogen in the young buphthalmic rabbits. Severe protein leakage was seen in only some of the old buphthalmic rabbits.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The regulation and role of fetal adrenal development in human pregnancy.

The rapid growth of the human fetal adrenal gland, which is primarily a reflection of the growth of the unique fetal zone, is regulated by ACTH acting indirectly to stimulate the expression of locally produced growth factors, of which IGF-II and bFGF appear to play key roles. Through most of gestation, the outer definitive zone appears to function as a reservoir of progenitor cells which move centripetally to populate the rest of the gland. At the end of pregnancy, the fetal zone undergoes senescence through an apoptotic process. Activin and TGF-beta are capable of inducing apoptosis in the fetal zone. Corticotropin-releasing hormone, which is produced by the placenta in markedly increased amounts at the end of gestation, may orchestrate a variety of processes, including direct stimulation of fetal adrenal steroidogenesis, culminating in the initiation of parturition.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanisms of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein targeting in oligodendrocytes (review).

The segregation of proteins to specific cellular membranes is recognized as a common phenomenon. In oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system, localization of certain proteins to select regions of the plasma membrane gives rise to the myelin membrane. Whilst the fundamental structure and composition of myelin is well understood, less is known of the mechanisms by which the constituent proteins are specifically recruited to those regions of plasma membrane that are forming myelin. The two principal proteins of myelin, the myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein, differ greatly in character and sites of synthesis. The message for myelin basic protein is selectively translocated to the ends of the cell processes, where it is translated on free ribosomes and is incorporated directly into the membrane. Proteolipid protein synthesized at the rough endoplasmic reticulum, processed through the Golgi apparatus, and presumably transported via vesicles to the myelin membrane. This review examines the mechanisms by which these two proteins are targeted to the myelin membrane.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lyme disease surveillance in England and Wales, 1986 1998.

Improved surveillance indicates that Lyme borreliosis, an emerging zoonosis in the United Kingdom, has increased from 0.06/100,000 during 1986-1992 to 0.32/100,000 since 1996. Case reports peaked in the third quarter of each year. Several high-incidence localities were identified. Erythema migrans was reported in 41% of patients; arthritis in 4%; musculoskeletal symptoms in 18%; and neuroborreliosis in 15%.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of the effects of aerobic dance on the lower extremity in aerobic instructors.

The rate of aerobic dance injuries has been high for two decades. To determine the types of lower-extremity injuries to aerobic instructors, a questionnaire was sent to 18 fitness centers in the Sydney, Australia, metropolitan area requesting information on the number and types of injuries, frequency of activity levels, footwear worn, and treatments sought. The reported rate of injury was 77%. The leg was the most common site of injury, reported by 52.9% of respondents, followed by the foot and ankle (32.8%), and the knee (20%). These figures are comparable to previous studies. Further investigation is warranted into causes and preventive measures, and information on the kinetics and kinematics of the lower extremity may increase understanding of the incidence of lower-extremity injuries to aerobic instructors and participants.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shared ethical principles for everybody in health care.

In this report the authors introduce the first step in discussing a shared code of ethics across all medical disciplines. The Tavistock Group has published a shared statement of ethical principles, and June Andrews, RCN Scottish secretary, provides a commentary.

Ethics, Professional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving nursing records with audit.

This article describes the efforts of one unit to introduce an audit tool to measure the effectiveness of nursing documentation. After two years of use, the authors have been able to show that the quality of documentation is significantly better and patients have benefited from the improved communication that has resulted.

Documentation↗
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Conflicts of interest.

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Conflict of Interest↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Starting over at St. Jude.

Its $127 million expansion project will be complete in 1995 and will be six times larger than when it opened in 1962; almost none of the original building will remain.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehab's PhDog.

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Animals↗