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Biomedical subjects

R Smart

Publications and source records attributed to R Smart.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Congenital tracheal stenosis in lambs induced by maternal ingestion of Veratrum californicum.

Seven of nine lambs born to six ewes gavaged with Veratum californicum root and rhizome material on days 31, 32 and 33 of gestation died from asphyxia within 5 minutes after birth. Five of the seven were autopsied and found to have severe stenosis of the trachea. None of the 12 lambs born to seven control ewes had tracheal stenosis. The defect was characterized by lateral flattening of the trachea throughout its entire length. Cartilaginous tracheal rings were reduced in number, nonuniform in size and shape, irregularly spaced, and with abnormal orientation. The rings were thinner than those of control tracheas, and had zones of chondrogenesis on outer and inner surfaces which were of equal width, rather than of unequal width as in controls. The smaller size and relatively noncurved shape of the cartilaginous rings of the stenotic trachea resulted in a nondistended lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. 2. The apparent digestibility and net utilization of microbial N for growing lambs.

Four experiments were conducted with eighteen lambs sustained entirely by intragastric nutrition at gross energy inputs varying from 430 to 860 kJ/kg live weight0.75 (W0.75). Isolated rumen micro-organisms (RMO) were infused into the abomasum in quantities varying from 0 to 2 g digestible N/kg W0.75 to assess the increase in N balance as a result of increasing RMO input when N was limiting. The over-all utilization of N from RMO (RMO-N) could be described by the equation y = 0.543 X -0.457, residual SD = 0.037, where y is the N balance and X is the abomasal input of RMO-N, both expressed in g/kg W0.75. Thus the coefficient of efficiency of utilization of infused RMO-N was 0.543 (SE 0.008). The coefficient of efficiency of utilization of RMO-N truly digested (i.e. the biological value) was 0.659 (SE 0.015). The RMO-N input (mean with SE) at N equilibrium was 0.843 (0.009) g/kg W0.75. The true digestibility of RMO-N was 0.813 (0.004). The urinary N excretion when no N was infused was 0.329 (0.008) g/kg W0.75 and the N excreted via the faeces with zero N input was 0.036 (0.009) g/kg W0.75.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Simplified estimation of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow.

A method is described for the determination of GFR and ERPF using a combined injection of 51Cr-EDTA and 125I-iodohippurate. Plasma samples obtained at 60 min and 150 min after administration were used to determine a flow rate F assuming a monoexponential clearance of the tracers. Empirical relationships were found between F and the true GFR and ERPF determined from multiple sampling and multi-exponential analysis of the clearance curves. The method was shown to be superior to previously published methods involving one or two samples. GFR was calculated with a standard deviation (SD) of only 3.3 ml/min when compared to the multiple sample technique (the reference method), whereas the best estimate from a single sample had a SD of 6.3 ml/min. An improvement in accuracy of ERPF estimation was achieved for values of flow of less than 200 ml/min when the SD was only 9.3 ml/min.

Chromium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1979

Caecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow.

The 28th reported case of caecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow is presented. A review of the literature reveals a mortality of 49% in lesser-sac herniae due to late diagnosis and operative difficulties. The comparative ease of hernial reduction after deflating trapped bowel by small-bore needle aspiration is discussed.

Cecum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preoperative esophageal transit studies are a useful predictor of dysphagia after fundoplication.

Fundoplication performed for gastroesophageal reflux disease may be complicated by postoperative dysphagia despite successful reduction in reflux symptoms. This is more likely in those patients with reflux who have concurrent esophageal dysmotility. The aim of this study was to establish whether esophageal transit studies using a technetium-99m jello bolus (jello esophageal transit) could detect the presence of motility disorders preoperatively and hence predict surgical outcome. Transit studies in 33 healthy volunteers yielded a normal range of 2 to 24 seconds using ninety-fifth percentile distribution. In the second phase of the study, 26 patients accepted for laparoscopic fundoplication were enrolled: jello esophageal transit, manometry, and endoscopy were attempted preoperatively in all subjects. A clinical dysphagia score was assigned from a questionnaire. Six months after surgery, five patients had dysphagia and of these four were found to have abnormal preoperative jello esophageal transit, for a sensitivity of 80%. Of the 21 patients who had no dysphagia after surgery, 20 patients had normal preoperative jello esophageal transit, showing a specificity of 95%. This esophageal transit study is noninvasive, reliable, and sensitive. When performed prior to fundoplication, it appears to be of significant value in detecting a subtle functional motility disorder that predisposes to postoperative dysphagia. Jello esophageal transit may assist the surgeon in planning treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Planned homebirths in South Australia 1976-1987.

Homebirths booked with a group of general practitioners and midwives in South Australia in 1976-1987 are described using data obtained from midwives' and hospital records. The births represented 84.7% of all births occurring at home in South Australia in 1984-1987, as assessed by official birth registrations. Of the 799 women intending to deliver at home, 136 (17.0%) required transfer to hospital before or during labour. A further 38 mothers or babies (4.8%) required transfer after delivery. The women tended to be of a relatively high socioeconomic status and older age distribution when compared with women who had hospital births as identified from the State perinatal data collection. Some had recognised pregnancy risk factors. They had lower frequencies of ultrasound examination, induced labour, epidural analgesia, episiotomy, forceps delivery and caesarean section, and a low frequency of use of oxytocics for the third stage. Their rates of postpartum haemorrhage and, in particular, perinatal mortality were higher. Potential sources of risk and difficulty in homebirth care and evaluation of this care are identified and an approach to providing an effective homebirth service is proposed.

Adolescent↗