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Biomedical subjects

R Skinner

Publications and source records attributed to R Skinner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Experimental pullout testing and comparison of variables in transpedicular screw fixation. A biomechanical study.

The specific objective of this investigation was to assess and compare the relative performance of four types of pedicular fixation screws currently in use. All screws were tested under similar conditions. The results obtained have permitted the authors to rank the various screws tested in terms of performance as follows: 1) the Steffee screw, 2) the AO screw, 3) the Howmedica screw, and 4) the Roy-Camille screw. While the considerable variability of the bone material is recognized, the screw performance is also influenced by the geometric variables of screw design; improvements in the pullout strength can be achieved by an increase in the major diameter of the screw; screw displacement before failure appears related to the screw pitch, where an increase in the pitch of the screw will increase the amount of displacement before failure; screw angulation was found to have little effect on the pullout strength, but may have an effect on the screw displacement and energy absorption before failure.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

Nephrotoxicity after ifosfamide.

Eleven children and adolescents with previously normal renal function who received ifosfamide for the treatment of extrarenal solid tumours underwent detailed investigation of glomerular and renal tubular function to assess the incidence and extent of renal damage. None had received cisplatin. Glomerular filtration rate (measured by plasma clearance of 51Cr labelled edetic acid) was reduced in six children. All 11 patients had evidence of proximal, and six of distal, tubular damage. Proximal tubular toxicity was indicated by phosphaturia and hypophosphataemia (n = 4), glycosuria (n = 5), increased urine beta 2 microglobulin excretion (n = 11), and generalised aminoaciduria (n = 10); distal tubular damage caused a reduction of the osmolality of the urine in an early morning sample. Two children developed clinical hypophosphataemic rickets, and one of these also had severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Glomerular and tubular nephrotoxicity are common and potentially serious complications of ifosfamide treatment in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Joint service training for medical readiness.

Medical Readiness Training is of major importance in preparing to meet the challenge of medical care during wartime and national emergencies or disasters. As an alternative to simulated casualty training, the U.S. Public Health Service and the U.S. Army joined forces to provide "real world" medical care for troops during training. Although simulated training provides insight into casualty and trauma medicine, it is felt that many aspects of real medical care are often ignored or taken for granted. Providing medical care under austere field conditions provides a realistic environment and presents situations that can not be evaluated by simulated training.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1990

Long term survival on haemodialysis in primary hyperoxaluria.

Results of treatment of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in patients with primary hyperoxaluria have been generally poor, largely due to the inability of any treatment regime to match the endogenous overproduction of oxalate. The severity of the disease varies widely, as reflected by the differences in age at onset of ESRF. This variability may influence the results of treatment of ESRF in these patients. The longest reported survival on haemodialysis of a patient with primary hyperoxaluria is eight and a half years. We report a patient who survived for eleven years on haemodialysis after reaching ESRF due to primary hyperoxaluria, and suggest that this prolonged survival was due to relatively mild disease severity rather than exceptional treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Immobilizing wild mountain lions (Felis concolor) with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride.

A mixture of 120 mg ketamine hydrochloride (KHCL)/20 mg xylazine hydrochloride (XHCL)/ml was used to immobilize 37 wild mountain lions (Felis concolor) 46 times. Observations were recorded during 37 trials that included kittens, adult females, and adult males. Dosages were based on 11 mg KHCL and 1.8 mg XHCL/kg estimated body weight. Actual doses for 24 lions requiring a single injection for immobilization ranged from 4.7-15.8 mg KHCL/kg and 0.8-2.6 mg XHCL/kg. Induction, duration, and recovery times did not differ (P greater than 0.05) between the sex and age classes. Two kittens were overdosed with the drug combination, but the effects were not life threatening. Eleven other lions, nine of which were initially underdosed, required additional injections of the drug combination for safe handling. Immobilization was characterized initially by semi-consciousness, open eyelids, pupillary dilation, and muscle rigidity. Later, most lions appeared unconscious, muscles relaxed, and breathing slowed considerably. No convulsions or hypersalivation occurred. The KHCL/XHCL mixture given at approximately 11 mg KHCL and 1.8 mg XHCL/kg body weight proved useful for immobilizing wild mountain lions for research purposes. Suggestions for case of immobilized cats are included.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Site of action of a ribosomal RNA methylase responsible for resistance to erythromycin and other antibiotics.

The enzyme which confers resistance to erythromycin in the producing organism Streptomyces erythraeus dimethylates a single adenine residue in Bacillus stearothermophilus 23 S rRNA. This corresponds to residue Ade 2058 in Escherichia coli 23 S RNA. The methylase responsible for resistance to macrolides, lincomycin, and streptogramin B-related antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus also acts at this site.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Feasibility of neonatal screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

During the period November 1976 to September 1980, 2703 babies born in one Edinburgh hospital were screened in the neonatal period by estimation of their serum creatine kinase levels for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Among the 2336 male babies tested, none proved to be affected and only 16 required second specimens to be obtained. Overall the false positive rate in the study was 0.78%. This study confirms that neonatal screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is feasible in a British hospital setting and is here most conveniently carried out on the 5th day of life along with routine testing for phenylketonuria.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1979

Prospective study of genetic counselling.

A prospective study was carried out on 200 consecutive subjects seen for counselling (consultands) for serious genetic disorders. Educational and social background of consultands and their knowledge and understanding of their particular problem were assessed before counselling, and their response was determined immediately afterwards and three months and two years later by an independent observer not concerned in the genetic counselling. The husband's educational background was particularly important in influencing a couple's comprehension of counselling. X-linked recessive and chromosomal disorders presented the most difficulties in comprehension. The counsellors' assessment of comprehension was a good guide to the consultands' comprehension as assessed at subsequent follow-up. The proportion deterred from having children increased with time and over a third had been sterilised within two years of counselling. It is suggested that follow-up after counselling should be routine, especially when the counsellor suspects that comprehension has not been good, in X-linked recessive and chromosomal disorders, and when the risks of having an affected child are considered to be high.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A study of possible heterogeneity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

One possible explanation for the apparently high birth incidence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal X-linked disorder, is genetic heterogeneity. As a first step in possibly demonstrating genetic heterogeneity, affected boys were sub-divided into those with and without severe mental handicap. In those with severe mental handicap, ages at onset and of becoming confined to a wheelchair were later, the fall in SCK level with age was less marked, and the urinary excretion of certain aminoacids was greater than in affected boys with normal intelligence. Though the number of subjects investigated was relatively small (15 in each group) and further studies are therefore needed, the results suggest that DMD may not be a single disease entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Serum creatine kinase levels in normal females.

Serum creatine kinase levels were determined in 75 girls (age range, one month to 15 years) and 200 normal adult women (age range, 18 to 50 years). The values ranged from 12.5 to 80 IU/1 in girls and 19 to 155 IU/1 in adult females. The SCK level appeared to increase with age from 1 to 15 years, after which the level remained fairly constant. These data should be helpful in the detection of carriers of X-linked forms of muscular dystrophy.

Adolescent↗