Characterization of a retrotransposon-like repetitive DNA in Entamoeba histolytica.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
R Sharma
Publications and source records attributed to R Sharma.
Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the cuboid: a report of four cases.
Osteoarticular tuberculosis, although rare, has shown a resurgence in recent times, especially in immunocompromised patients. Involvement of the foot is infrequent, and the differential diagnosis is confusing, leading to diagnostic delays. We reviewed four cases of tuberculosis of the cuboid where the infection was limited to the bone without articular involvement. All four cases were adults and diagnostic delays were observed in all. Three of the cases had an osteolytic lesion on radiographs resembling a space-occupying lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Computed tomography (CT) scans were helpful in three cases, and post-treatment MRI helped in evaluating outcome in one case. Antitubercular chemotherapy was sufficient to cause resolution of the lesion in three cases, while in one case surgical intervention was necessary. Since isolated osteomyelitis is usually seen only in the early stages of the disease process, early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are imperative to get good long-term results. Concomitant extraskeletal lesions are not always seen, nor is the organism cultured in a majority of the cases. Thus a high index of suspicion is mandatory in high-risk groups (immigrants, immunocompromised cases or those with history of contact); clinical and radiologic features, along with histopathologic evidence of granulomatous pathology should be sufficient to initiate therapy.
Adult↗
Benign mixed tumor of the vagina: case report with expanded immunohistochemical profile.
We present a case of benign mixed tumor of the vagina with its typical clinicopathologic and expanded immunohistochemical features. The strong coexpression of the mesenchymal spindle cell component with epithelial markers such as CK7, together with strong CD10, Bcl2, and estrogen and progesterone receptors favors a mullerian derived tumor. The tumor is best labeled as benign mixed mullerian tumor as originally designated.
Adult↗
Childhood lichen planus: a report of fifty cases.
Lichen planus is an uncommonly encountered dermatosis in children. In the present study of 50 children the limbs were the most common site of involvement (70.0%). A majority of the children (60.0%) presented with the classic form of the disease. Hypertrophic lesions were present in 26.0% of children while linear lesions were seen in 8.0%. There was no scalp, nail, or hair involvement in any child. The Koebner phenomenon was observed in 28.0%, and mucosal involvement, which is very uncommon in children affected by lichen planus, was seen in 30.0%. In this subset of children, hypertrophic lesions were seen in 53.4% while widespread disease was present in only 6.7%. The response to treatment and the course of the disease were similar to that seen in adults.
Adolescent↗
The Charles River "hairless" rat mutation maps to chromosome 1: allelic with fuzzy and a likely orthologue of mouse frizzy.
Recent evidence has indicated that the recessive mutation affecting hypotrichosis in the Charles River (CR) "hairless" rat does not involve the hairless gene (hr) on rat chromosome 15. To determine if this mutation might be allelic (or orthologous) with any other previously mapped hypotrichosis-generating mutation in mammals, we have produced a panel of backcross rats segregating for the CR hairless rat mutation as well as numerous other markers from throughout the rat genome. Analysis of this panel has located the CR hairless rat's hypotrichosis-generating mutation on chromosome 1, near Myl2, where only the fuzzy mutation in rat (fz) and the frizzy mutation in mouse (fr) have been previously localized. Intercrossing fz/fz and CR hairless rats produced hybrid offspring with abnormal hair, showing that these two rat mutations are allelic. We suggest that the CR hairless rat mutation and fuzzy be renamed frizzy-Charles River (fr(CR)) and frizzy-Harlan (fr(H)), respectively, to reflect their likely orthology with the mouse fr mutation.
Alleles↗
Sulzberger-Garbe dermatosis in an Indian patient.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Laparoscopically assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (Coelio-Schauta): A comparison with open Wertheim/Meigs hysterectomy.
The objective of this study was to compare the safety, efficacy, and short-term benefits of the Coelio-Schauta procedure with open Wertheim/Meigs radical abdominal hysterectomy. We retrospectively analyzed records of our first 35 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH) for early cervical cancer and 32 consecutive patients of open radical hysterectomy (ORH) performed between 1999 and 2005 in our institution. We analyzed patient age, bodyweight, previous abdominal surgery, operating time, blood loss, perioperative complications, postoperative bladder dysfunction, other postoperative complications, and histologic type. The FIGO stage, excision margins, node count and node status, follow-up, and recurrence rates were also taken into account. We excluded stage IA and stage II disease patients to reduce the impact of tumor size on the outcome of the surgery. This left 27 patients with stage IIB disease who had LARVH and 28 patients with stage IB disease who had ORH. These patients formed the study group. The cohorts were similar in age, bodyweight, previous abdominal surgery, histologic subtype, FIGO stage, resection margins, node count and node status, length of follow-up, and recurrence. There were statistically significant differences between LARVH and ORH for duration of surgery (mean 160 vs 132 min), intraoperative blood loss (479 vs 715 mL), hospital stay (mean 5 vs 9.3 days), postoperative complications (6 vs 20 patients), and duration of bladder catheterization (mean 4.4 vs 8.8 days). Four LARVH patients and no ORH patients had urinary tract injury that was repaired. None had long-term sequelae. Our data confirm that LARVH is a suitable alternative to ORH hysterectomy for small-volume stage IB1 cervical cancer with similar clinical efficacy and a superior postoperative recovery and postoperative morbidity profile. Urinary tract trauma is a clear risk in the early stages of the learning curve.
Adult↗
Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms: 20 years' experience.
BACKGROUND: Aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva are rare. Here, we analyze retrospectively patients operated on at our center during the last 20 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred four cases of congential aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva were operated upon between January 1977 and April 1996. Only 12 aneurysms were unruptured. The majority (76.9%) arose from the right coronary sinus. The right ventricle was the most common chamber of rupture (58.6%). Ventricular septal defect was associated in 46 patients (44.2%), of which 28 (60.9%) were supracristal. Ventricular septal defect was more common in aneurysms arising from the right coronary sinus (91.3%). Aortic incompetence was found in 45 patients (43.3%). The defect was closed through the aortic root alone in 24 patients (23.1%) and through both the aortic root and the chamber of rupture in the remaining 80 patients. Six patients underwent aortic valve repair, and 21 an aortic valve replacement. RESULTS: There were two hospital deaths (1.92%). Morbidities were few. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 20 years (mean 8.2 +/- 1.1). There was one late noncardiac death, and in the majority, the long-term follow-up was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Surgery for aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva yields gratifying results, and it should be undertaken as soon as the condition is diagnosed.
Adolescent↗
Transesophageal echocardiography during surgical closed mitral commissurotomy.
We report a case of a 28-year-old woman with severe mitral stenosis for which surgical closed commissurotomy was done. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed to assess its utility during this surgical procedure. It was helpful in instant confirmation of the adequacy of the surgery, detecting residual mitral regurgitation, and in visualisation of the Tubbs dilator that is used to accomplish mitral commissurotomy.
Adult↗
In vitro susceptibility of Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch, a rare fungal pathogen, to antimycotics.
The in vitro susceptibility of a rare fungal pathogen, Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch, to antimycotics in clinical use was determined. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were (MIC/MFC, microgram/ml): amphotericin B, 3.125/25; miconazole, 6.25/6.25; clotrimazole, 25/25; fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, > or = 100/100. Our results show that amphotericin B and miconazole are the most effective antimycotics.
Antifungal Agents↗
Risperidone-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) induced by risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, and to review the available literature related to risperidone-associated NMS. DATA SOURCE: Case report information was obtained from the resident physician and medical records. MEDLINE and Index Medicus were searched to obtain literature published between 1960 and 1995. DATA SYNTHESIS: We report an adolescent boy who developed NMS after treatment with risperidone. Risperidone therapy was started after unsuccessful treatment and development of extrapyramidal adverse effects with haloperidol. The patient demonstrated the classic tetrad of fever, generalized skeletal muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. Risperidone was discontinued and the patient recovered after a prolonged hospital course with supportive management. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians are cautioned about the possibility of NMS with risperidone.
Adolescent↗
Influence of chemical oxygen demand/total Kjeldahl nitrogen ratio and sludge age on nitrification of nitrogenous wastewater.
Four laboratory-scale biological nitrification units (influent total Kjeldahl nitrogen [TKN] = 1002 to 1062 mg/L) were operated at chemical oxygen demand (COD)/TKN ratios of approximately 0.5, 1.0,15, and 2.0 and at three different sludge ages of 30, 20, and 10 days to study the influence of COD/TKN, sludge age, COD loading, and TKN loading on nitrification and nitrifiers. Percent nitrification was found to increase with decreases in COD/TKN and increases in sludge age. The average nitrifier concentration increased from 460 mg/L at a COD/TKN of 2.22 and a sludge age of 10 days to 706 mg/L at a COD/TKN of 0.676 and a sludge age of 30 days. The nitrifier fraction was found to be higher at a lower COD/TKN and lower at a higher COD/TKN. The nitrifier fraction increased with the decrease in sludge age and COD loadings and the increase in TKN loadings. The effect of sludge age on the nitrifier fraction was amplified at a COD/ TKN of approximately 0.5 rather than at approximately 2.0. The nitrification rate (kilograms TKN oxidized per kilograms nitrifiers per day) was shown to be dependent on COD/TKN and sludge age. The activity performed by Nitrobacter was affected at all COD/TKN ratios studied as well as at a sludge age of 10 days. This was manifested by the accumulation of high levels of nitrite-nitrogen in the nitrified effluent. The presence of heterotrophs did not affect nitrification rates and the growth of nitrifiers, which were found to be beneficial. High sludge age and COD loadings resulted in a higher sludge volume index of more than 200 mL/g mixed liquor suspended solids. Microscopic examination showed filamentous structure of sludge under these conditions. It is concluded from the investigations that a sludge age of 30 days and a COD/TKN of approximately 1.0 are optimal to yield maximum nitrification and nitrifier growth rates for treating high-strength nitrogenous wastewater.
Bioreactors↗
Mature ovarian teratoma with gliomatosis peritonei--a case report.
Gliomatosis peritonei (GP), a rare condition related to ovarian teratomas, is characterized by miliary implants of mature glial tissues on the peritoneum or omentum. We report herein a case of mature teratoma of the ovary with GP with imaging features and pathological correlation.
Adult↗
Ehlers Danlos syndrome in two siblings.
Two cases of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome affecting two real brothers are being reported. Both of them presented with features of atrophy and hyperextensibility of skin, hypermobility of joints and scarring at the sites of trauma. The elder brother also had kyphoscoliosis and hypogonadism with testicular failure.
Adolescent↗
Routine cleft closure in repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects.
Thirty patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect were operated upon between 1989 and 1996 at our institute. Their ages ranged from two months to 24 years (mean age 2.81 years). All patients had severe pulmonary arterial hypertension except one who had associated pulmonic stenosis. Four patients had severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation and another six had moderate regurgitation. Five patients had Down's syndrome. The cleft in the left atrioventricular valve was closed in all but seven patients. There were five (16.66%) in-hospital deaths which included two patients in whom the cleft was left open. Follow-up ranged from three months to eight years. All patients were evaluated by 2D echocardiography in the immediate post-operative period and three to six monthly subsequently. One patient progressed to moderate and another to severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation during follow-up. In both the patients the cleft had been left open. All other patients continue to have stable left atrioventricular valve status, that is, none or trivial to mild regurgitation. In view of late deterioration of the left atrioventricular valve regurgitation only in those patients where the cleft was left open, we suggest complete closure of the cleft in all complete atrioventricular canal defects.
Adolescent↗
Adult cyanotic congenital heart disease: surgical experience.
Cyanotic congenital heart diseases constitute about 10 percent of total congenital heart disease cases in adults in the developing world. Prolonged cyanosis and old age adversely affect the outcome of surgery, thus posing a challenge to the cardiac surgeons. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility, safety and outcome of surgery in this group of patients. From January 1991 to December 1997, a total of 303 patients, aged 14 to 54 years (mean 19.8 +/- 1.5 years) with diagnosis of various cyanotic congenital heart diseases were operated at our institute. There were 210 males (69.3%). Two hundred and forty-seven patients (81.5%) had tetralogy of Fallot's physiology, 51 patients (16.8%) had single ventricle physiology and five (1.6%) had other lesions. Sixty-six patients (21.7%) had pre-operative complications such as haemoptysis, epistaxis, cerebrovascular accidents, brain abscess and infective endocarditis. Sixty patients (19.8%) had previous palliative shunts and 26 patients (8.5%) had coil embolisation of major aortopulmonary collaterals prior to surgery; 229 patients (75.5%) underwent biventricular repair, 52 (17.1%) had univentricular repair, 22 (7.7%) had palliative shunts and one patient had open ligation of a major aortopulmonary collateral in addition. In-hospital mortality was 3.3 percent. Follow-up period ranged from five months to seven years (mean 4.2 +/- 1.8 years). There were two late deaths. Of the 291 survivors, 11 were lost to follow-up. Two hundred and fifty-eight patients (92.1%) are in New York Heart Association class I. Significant residual defects warranting reoperation were present in four patients (1.3%). It is concluded that congenital heart surgery in older cyanotic patients can be performed safely with satisfactory results.
Adolescent↗
Ambulatory 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring following total cavopulmonary connection.
A total of 72 patients (53 males, 19 females) in the age range 1-22 years (mean 6.4 years) who underwent univentricular repair between April 1990 and May 1997 at our institute were followed up from six months to seven years (mean 3.6 years). Twenty-four hours ambulatory electrocardiographic Holter monitoring was done in all the patients. Thirty-four out of 40 patients (85%) who underwent fenestrated total cavopulmonary connection and 25 out of 32 patients (78%) who underwent non-fenestrated total cavopulmonary connection had normal Holter recording; thus 59 out of 72 (82%) patients had normal findings. Among the fenestrated total cavopulmonary connections, three patients each had atrial tachycardia and sinus bradycardia. In the non-fenestrated group, two patients had atrial tachycardia, three had supraventricular tachycardia, one sinus bradycardia and one had intermittent ventricular tachycardia. No correlation was found between age at surgery, pre-operative morphology, cross clamp time or cardiopulmonary bypass time with post-operative arrhythmia. To conclude, post-operative arrhythmias following total cavopulmonary connection were not related to age at surgery, pre-operative morphology, cross clamp or cardiopulmonary bypass time. However, a larger patient pool and longer follow-up is required for evaluation of any definitive correlation.
Adolescent↗
Supporting a failing heart: a review.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation↗