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Biomedical subjects

R Sharifi

Publications and source records attributed to R Sharifi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Overflow urinary incontinence due to carbamazepine.

We describe the first well documented case of overflow urinary incontinence owing to prolonged carbamazepine treatment for temporal lobe seizures. Carbamazepine increased the bladder capacity to 1,700 ml. and was accompanied by symptoms of urgency and frequency. After carbamazepine was discontinued and the patient was given primidone the voiding symptoms disappeared. Post-voiding catheterization of the bladder showed minimal residual urine volume. In a review of urological adverse reactions of anticonvulsant drugs that are effective in the management of temporal lobe seizures we found that only primidone and phenobarbital have not been convincingly associated with such side effects. However, phenytoin and clonazepam have been linked with urinary incontinence, and valproic acid with enuresis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in hospitalized patients.

Piperacillin is an extended-spectrum penicillin active against Pseudomonas. It has been documented to be effective in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and urosepsis. Much of the pharmacokinetic information available is obtained from normal subjects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate piperacillin pharmacokinetics in hospitalized patients. Ten clinically stable hospitalized urology patients were given 4 grams of piperacillin intravenously in a single dose. Serial blood samples were then obtained and serum piperacillin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The following pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) were determined: half-life = 1.09 +/- 0.31 h, elimination rate constant = 0.69 +/- 0.22 h-1, volume of distribution = 0.36 +/- 0.13 l/kg, total body clearance = 0.230 +/- 0.054 l/h/kg. These parameters are comparable to those obtained in normal subjects except for the volume of distribution which is slightly higher than that reported in healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetic information obtained in healthy subjects may, therefore, be applied to the clinically stable hospitalized urology patient. However, changes in pharmacokinetic characteristics may be found in the critically ill patient with compromise in hemodynamics and significant third spacing of fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pelvic lymph node dissection in prostate cancer.

The results of pelvic lymph node dissections in 105 prostate cancer patients were analyzed to compare the clinical with the pathologic stages. Twenty-four per cent of patients clinically believed to be node-negative had positive nodal involvement with cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Staging errors in prostatic cancer.

There is some question on the accuracy of staging in large epidemiological studies of prostatic cancer that rely on hospital tumor registry data. In an effort to assess the accuracy of tumor registry information in our institution registry staging was compared to surgical staging in 100 consecutive prostatic cancer patients. The tumor registry data had a 30 per cent understaging error. Other institutions may have the same problems.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Morbilliform skin eruption owing to diethylstilbestrol.

We describe an unusual case of morbilliform skin eruption caused by diethylstilbestrol in a patient with stage D prostatic cancer. A widespread erythematous maculopapular rash and urticaria appeared with repeated challenges of diethylstilbestrol and resolved with drug withdrawal. In addition, the literature on various types of dermatitis medicamentosa in male patients with prostatic cancer treated with diethylstilbestrol is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Comparative efficacy of piperacillin versus carbenicillin for complicated urinary tract infections.

In this controlled, randomized clinical trial we compared piperacillin and carbenicillin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. 24 patients received piperacillin 150 mg/kg/day for 7.2 +/- 2.75 days and 17 patients received carbenicillin 200 mg/kg/day for 7.5 +/- 2.90 days. Patients were evaluated for clinical and bacteriologic responses and tolerance to therapy. Although the clinical cure rate significantly favored carbenicillin treatment (p less than 0.01), the sum of the percentages of cases with clinical cure and clinical improvement were similar between groups: 91.6% for piperacillin and 88.2% for carbenicillin. The bacteriologic cure rates for piperacillin and carbenicillin patients (54.1 and 47.0%, respectively) were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05). The low cure rates in our study were probably the result of uncorrected/uncorrectable genitourinary tract abnormalities. Superinfections developed in 12.5 and 17.6% of piperacillin and carbenicillin patients, respectively, and were due to Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter diversus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, side effects were mild, reversible, and did not require discontinuation of treatment. However, carbenicillin caused elevations in liver enzymes more frequently than piperacillin (p less than 0.05). Based on our data, we recommend reserving piperacillin monotherapy for patients who are poor candidates for aminoglycosides, or are on severe sodium restriction, and have serious complicated urinary tract infections due to susceptible organisms. We do not recommend piperacillin alone for empiric treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Prostate cancer and the multiple primary malignant neoplasm syndrome.

In an attempt to evaluate the relationship of prostate cancer to the multiple primary malignant neoplasm syndrome, 626 prostate cancer cases were reviewed. Patients with one malignant tumor appear to be no more at risk of developing a prostate cancer than individuals who have never had a tumor.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of gleason classification system in prostate cancer.

To compare the relative prognostic accuracy of the Gleason classification, the Whitmore staging, and the Broder grading systems, 111 patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical surgery were assessed utilizing these systems. The assessments were correlated with the presence or absence of disease six months to eight years after surgery. Of the three systems the Gleason classification system was the least accurate.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of cytologic techniques for diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Two hundred forty-eight male patients seen on a urology service were diagnostically screened using four different cytologic tests for cancer of the prostate. The tests included voided urine cytology, prostate massage cytology, aspiration cytology, and postmassage urine cytology. The aspiration cytology was the most efficient screening test for the diagnosis of prostate malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Ocular adverse effects of human chorionic gonadotropin.

This is the first case report of blurred vision and scotomas associated with hCG injections. Similar visual disturbances have been caused by clomiphene, which is similar to hCG in enhancing LH activity and increasing testosterone levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of piperacillin on tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with normal renal function.

Aminoglycosides are inactivated by extended-spectrum penicillins in vitro and in patients with end-stage renal failure. In this prospective controlled study, we determined the effect of piperacillin on tobramycin pharmacokinetics. In 10 clinically stable male patients with calculated creatinine clearances of greater than or equal to 60 ml/min, serial levels in serum of tobramycin alone and after single 4-g intravenous doses of piperacillin were determined. No statistically significant changes in the concentration of drug in serum, the half-life (t1/2), the elimination rate constant (Ke), the volume of distribution (Vd), or the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-oo) occurred when tobramycin was used concurrently with piperacillin. Therefore, this antibiotic combination will not result in a clinically significant interaction in patients with normal renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Involvement of the genitourinary system in multiple primary malignant neoplasms: a review.

A case is presented of a patient with separate primaries of the cervix, breast, bladder, and kidney. In a review of 352,073 cancer patients in the literature, the genitourinary system appears to be at a greater risk of this phenomenon. The entity of multiple primary malignant neoplasms is reviewed with an analysis of the involvement of the genitourinary system.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) adjuvant therapy in stage D prostate cancer.

Forty-two patients with advanced cancer of the prostate were prospectively randomized to receive either bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) adjuvant immunotherapy plus conventional therapy or conventional therapy alone. Conventional therapy consisted of estrogens or observation. There was a statistically significant (P = less than 0.05) longer survival in the 21 BCG-treated patients (thirty-eight weeks) than in the 21 control patients (twenty-eight weeks). There was no mortality and minimal morbidity (pruritus at injection site) from the adjuvant immunotherapy. Interestingly, the quality of life, as measured by the number of infections, was significantly less (P = less than 0.05) in the immunotherapy-treated group.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasonic scanning during operation for renal calculi.

Real-time B-mode ultrasound scanning was used during operations for nephrolithiasis. Scanning was done before pyelotomy or nephrotomy to confirm the presence of calculi. For stones in an intrarenal position, requiring an incision through renal parenchyma for extraction, ultrasound permitted guidance for an exploratory needle to localize the calculi precisely. Once the needle tip was in the proximity of the stone a nephrotomy incision was made along the needle track. This procedure enabled the use of relatively small nephrotomy incisions and reduced search time and tissue manipulation. After calculi were extracted ultrasonography was used to make certain that all stone fragments were removed. Ultrasound was considered helpful in 15 of 16 operations.

Adult↗