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Biomedical subjects

R Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to R Shapiro.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Prognostic value of the estrogen receptor level in pathologic stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the breast.

The relationship between estrogen receptor levels and recurrence of breast cancer was examined in 302 patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast, pathologic stage (PS) I and II. All 117 patients with PS II adenocarcinoma of the breast received adjunctive chemotherapy. In this series, there was no association between the estrogen receptor level and recurrence in either the 185 patients with PS I adenocarcinoma of the breast or the 117 patients with PS II adenocarcinoma of the breast. The most important prognostic variable was the presence or absence of axillary metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Warfarin binding to plasma of workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate.

The extent of [14]C-warfarin binding to plasma proteins was evaluated in a group of normal, healthy volunteers and in two groups of individuals occupationally exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Plasma binding was assessed by ultrafiltration after the addition of racemic [14]C-warfarin to a final concentration of 0.8 microgram/ml. Chronic occupational exposure to TDI did not affect the extent of warfarin binding since warfarin free fractions (normalized to an albumin concentration of 4.5 g/dl) were 1.09 +/- 0.23 (mean +/- SD), 0.98 +/- 0.19, and 0.97 +/- 0.15 for controls and the two groups of TDI-exposed individuals, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Overview: deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients, a critical review of outcome studies.

The authors performed a critical review of experimental studies on the outcomes for psychiatric patients of 1) alternatives to hospital admission, 2) modifications of conventional hospitalization, and 3) alternatives to continued long-term hospitalization. The internal validity of many of the studies was compromised by shortcomings in design and performance and generalizability limited by selection of patient populations. With these qualifications experimental alternatives to hospital care of patients have led to psychiatric outcomes not different from and occasionally superior to those of patients in control groups. This conclusion is best supported for alternatives to admission and for modifications of conventional hospitalization. The available studies do not permit firm conclusions regarding alternatives to continued long-term hospitalization of chronically ill patients or for a critical analysis of the optimal management of specific subpopulations of psychiatric patients. Satisfactory deinstitutionalization appears to depend on the availability of appropriate programs for care in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ovarian carcinomatosis presenting with hyperamylasemia and pleural effusion.

A 65-year old patient with hyperamylasemia, amylase rich ascites and pleural effusion presented with massive abdominal distention and ascites. The diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst with pancreatic ascites was suggested. The underlying disease was, however, proven to be carcinoma of ovarian origin with diffuse carcinomatosis. The isoamylase was found to be of the genital type, migrating electrophoretic study of amylase rich fluid will enable differentiation of patients with hyperamylasemia into those of pancreatic and extrapancreatic and extrapancreatic origin. A simple and rapid test to differentiate the various pancreatic isoamylases is required.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Isolation and identification of cross-links from formaldehyde-treated nucleic acids.

Cross-linked nucleosides have been isolated from formaldehyde-treated ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Methylene-bridged products containing cytosine, as well as the purines, have been isolated. A combination of ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, pKa values, hydrolysis, and reduction has been used to establish that the cross-links connect the amino groups of the nucleosides involved. For example, the 6-amino functions of two adenosine residues are linked by a methylene bridge to produce a compound which, when dissolved in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide, displays 11 unsplit resonances in its proton-decoupled 13C NMR spectrum. The procedure reported here is more rapid and less laborious than an earlier one recommended by us for the isolation of cross-linked products from DNA [Dubelman, S., & Shapiro, R. (1977) Nucleic Acids Res. 4, 1815-1827]. This new approach may be of value in the study of other types of cross-linking reactions involving nucleic acids.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Angiocardiographic and enzyme studies in a patient with type II glycogenosis (Pompe's disease). A case report.

An infant with hypotonia, gross cardiomegaly and heart failure is described. Angiocardiography revealed a hypertrophic restrictive cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis of type II glycogenosis was confirmed by the total absence of alpha-1,4-glucosidase in cultured skin fibroblasts. It is now possible to offer prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis to women at risk of having affected children.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1980

Urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion in chronic renal disease.

To ascertain whether renal prostaglandin E2 production is impaired in chronic renal disease we measured urinary prostaglandin E2 in 25 female renal patiens, and in 38 female noirmal volunteers. Prostaglandin E2 averaged 337 +/- 63 ng/24 hr in 25 female renal patients, which was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than values in normal female subjects (166 +/- 17 ng/24 hr). None of the renal patients excreted less than 50 ng/24 hr, whereas normals when treated with indomethacin averaged 30 +/- 10 ng/24 hr (n=8). There were no significant correlations between prostaglandin E2 and creatinine clearance, or urine volume. No difference in prostaglandin E2 was encountered between hypertensive and normotensive renal patients. Our results indicate that renal prostaglandin E2 production is increased rather than decreased in renal disease. The failure to demonstrate decreased urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion in renal hypertension sharply contrasts with the situation in essential hypertension.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1980

Structural analysis of the minor human hemoglobin components: Hb AIa1, Hb AIa2 and Hb AIb.

Human hemolysate contains several minor hemoglobin components, including Hb AIa1, Hb AIa2, Hb AIb and Hb AIc which are post-translational modifications of the major component, Hb A0. Hb AIc is known to contain glucose attached to the N terminus of the beta chains by a ketoamine linkage. We separated the alpha and beta globin chains from purified Hb AIa1, Hb AIa2 and Hb AIb by ion-exchange chromatography. The beta chains were reducible by sodium borohydride and gave a positive thiobarbituric acid test. These results indicated that they are modified by ketoamine-linked carbohydrate. In addition, phosphate analysis revealed 1.5 phosphate residue associated with each beta AIa1 chain and 1 phosphate residue with each beta AIa2 chain. Hb AIa1, Hb AIa2 and Hb AIb were all found to be contaminated by non-globin proteins. Protein-sequencing approaches demonstrated that the N termini of beta AIa1, beta AIa2 and beta AIb were blocked. In support of this conclusion, analysis of tryptic digests of beta AIa2 and B AIb revealed modified N-terminal peptides. We conclude that, like Hb AIc, components Hb AIa1, Hb AIa2 and Hb AIb also contain a sugar moiety linked to the N terminus of the beta chain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Legal guardianship in drug refusal: an illusory solution.

The use of legal guardianship appears to offer a ready resolution to the complex forensic issue of involuntary medication for psychiatric inpatients. The authors, with the aid of clinical examples, show that the gap between theory and practice may render this solution illusory and illustrate the profound complications for treatment introduced by the guardianship process itself. After examining the complexities of this problem, they consider alternative methods for preserving the patient's rights both to receive and to refuse medication.

Adolescent↗