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Biomedical subjects

R Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to R Shapiro.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

LRRning the RIte of springs.

The determination of the crystal structure of the ribonuclease inhibitor-ribonuclease A complex provides exciting new insight on how the leucine-rich repeat allows a single molecule to get around the problem of inhibiting an entire family of enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Outcome of renal transplant recipients in the ICU.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of renal transplant recipients in an intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN: Prospective, cohort study. SETTING: Surgical ICU in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS: Consecutive adult renal transplant recipients admitted to an ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Demographic data, underlying diseases, indications for admission to the ICU, number of prior kidney transplantations, duration of immunosuppression, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in ICU and hospital, and ICU and hospital mortality were recorded. Seventy-one patients were included in the study. Twenty-seven patients were admitted to the surgical ICU immediately after renal transplantation surgery for postoperative monitoring (group 1). One patient died in this group. The remaining 44 patients were renal transplant recipients admitted to the surgical ICU with various complications (group 2). The mean posttransplant time in group 2 was 23 +/- 30 months. Seven patients died in group 2. The overall ICU mortality in this study was 11% and hospital mortality was 14%. The hospital mortality for postoperative patients (3.7% in group 1) was below the rate predicted based on the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score (15%). APACHE II score, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay were significantly higher among nonsurvivors. The ICU mortality among renal transplant recipients was higher than that of other patients (6%) admitted to the surgical ICU during the study period. CONCLUSION: The ICU mortality of renal transplant recipients was twice that of general surgical ICU patients. The hospital mortality rate for recipients admitted immediately postoperatively to the ICU (group 1) was less than predicted by APACHE II.

APACHE↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the renal arteries in kidney donors: value of three-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiography with maximum-intensity-projection or surface rendering.

OBJECTIVE: Donors routinely undergo preoperative conventional arteriography to evaluate the renal arteries before nephrectomy. The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of three-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiograms postprocessed with maximum-intensity-projection and surface-rendering techniques to show the renal arteries of potential donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postprocessed three-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiograms of 17 patients were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced radiologists for the number and length of renal arteries visualized. Conventional arteriograms were used as the reference standard. Coronal maximum-intensity-projection and surface-rendered MR angiograms were also compared with each other with regard to the delineation of renal arteries from overlapping vessels. RESULTS: MR angiograms showed all 34 single or dominant renal arteries but only eight of 10 accessory arteries seen on conventional arteriograms. One of the nonvisualized accessory arteries was located within the imaged volume, and the other one arose from the distal aorta beyond the imaged regions. Five of six arterial branches arising from the proximal 30-mm portions of the renal arteries were seen on MR angiograms. Postprocessing with either maximum-intensity projection or surface-rendering showed the same number of renal arteries, although surface rendering separated overlapping veins from the renal arteries better than the maximum-intensity-projection technique. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that three-dimensional MR angiography is a reliable method of imaging single or dominant renal arteries, but not for showing all accessory renal arteries and small arterial branches. Surface rendering may provide specific advantages over maximum-intensity-projection in delineating renal arteries from overlapping vessels.

Adult↗