Biomedical subjects
R Shannon
Publications and source records attributed to R Shannon.
Daily penicillin serum concentrations after the injection of 1.2 mega units of "all purpose" penicillin.
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Daily penicillin serum concentrations following injection of 1.2 mega-units of "all-purpose" penicillin.
In view of evidence suggesting that 1.2 mega-units of "all-purpose" penicillin (300 000 IU potassium penicillin G, 300 000 IU procaine penicillin G and 600 000 IU benzathine penicillin) did not maintain treponemicidal serum concentrations during the week following injection-which if true, might necessitate a reappraisal of prophylactic and treatment schedules in wide use against syphilis-daily assays were performed to determine the penicillinaemia levels in ambulant adult males for one week following intramuscular injection with this dosage of two "all-purpose" products (168 assays in all, 24 each day).Statistical evaluation of the results showed that the mean daily serum concentrations were, in fact, treponemicidal during the whole week after injection. The means of groups of 24 assays fell within narrow daily ranges on each of the seven post-injection days, suggesting that the long-acting component (benzathine penicillin) gives reliable and predictable daily levels in a high proportion of cases. This is in contrast to those penicillins which rely for their long-acting property on the oily gel in which they are suspended. On the other hand, the extremes of penicillinaemia for any individual in a large group were shown to cover a very wide range, demonstrating that a particular patient's failure to respond to standard treatment or prophylaxis can be due to factors quite unrelated to the quality or specificity of the product or to the sensitivity of the organism causing disease.
Brainstem respiratory networks and cough.
The focus of this review is work that supports a model of the medullary neuronal network that is involved in producing the cough motor pattern of inspiratory and expiratory pump muscles. Evidence is presented that supports the following hypotheses: (1) Bulbospinal drive to respiratory motoneurons during cough arises, at least in part, from the same medullary neurons involved in providing drive during eupnoea. (2) Medullary Bötzinger/ rostral ventral respiratory group neurons implicated in generating and shaping the eupnoeic pattern of breathing are also involved in producing the central cough motor pattern. The results were not consistent with a "cough centre" separate from the BOT/VRG. Observed neurons (in cats) included most of all previously identified respiratory modulated "types". The results showed that there were alterations in discharge patterns of all respiratory neurons during fictive cough. Many "types" responded as predicted by cough model network simulations. Based on neuron behaviours in our studies and inferred synaptic actions among BOT/VRG neurons, we propose a preliminary model for cough generation by the BOT/rVRG network.
Gastroesophageal reflux in infancy: review and update.
Gastroesophageal reflux is a common occurrence in infancy. The purpose of this article is to describe gastroesophageal reflux and differentiate among its three categories. Initial evaluation includes an accurate history and growth assessment. Continued monitoring of growth is important to determine when and if intervention is necessary. The nurse practitioner will be able to make referrals or prescribe treatment based on the guidelines presented. Having knowledge of the various aspects of this problem will enable the nurse practitioner to assess and monitor the infant and reassure parents.
Two epidemics of pseudobacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus and Aerococcus viridans.
Two epidemics of pseudobacteremia are reported. The first, due to Staphyloccus aureus, was caused by a physician who had active staphylococcal skin infection and nasal colonization. Because the blood culture system in use at the time was open, and used screw cap bottles, we assume that the physician contaminated the bottles at the time of inoculation. The second outbreak, caused by Aerococcus viridans, was traced to contamination of the blood culture bottle tops as they were received from the manufacturer. We assume that there was inadequate disinfection of the bottle tops by the physicians prior to their use.
More research needed on relationship between GER and apnea.
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Histologic characteristics of granuloma multiforme (Mkar disease). Including a comparison with leprosy and granuloma annulare. Report of first case from Congo (Kinshasa).
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