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Biomedical subjects

R Sealy

Publications and source records attributed to R Sealy.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Progress in the use of iodine therapy for tumours of the eye.

Developments in a new system of brachytherapy for tumours of the eye are reported. This involves the use of 125I sources with special screens and filters to avoid irradiation of vital structures and to produce a homogeneous radiation field. Methods for the treatment of tumours of the lids, conjunctiva, retina, choroid and lachrymal gland have been developed. Sixteen out of 20 treatments appear to have been successful. This system would seem to be a material advance on those previously reported.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1979

Retinoblastoma: correlation of invasion of the optic nerve and choroid with prognosis and metastases.

The histological sections of 74 retinoblastoma patients were reviewed. The extent of optic nerve invasion was correlated with choroidal/scleral extension. Choroidal invasion carries 100% survival provided that the sclera, iris, and whole optic nerve are not also involved. Invasion of the optic nerve beyond the lamina cribrosa also carries 100% survival provided that the resection line is free and that invasion does not involve the sclera or iris. Plentiful rosettes were usually found in those tumours that had not extended beyond the choroid or as far as the resection line of the optic nerve and were therefore associated with a good prognosis. The absence of rosettes did not necessarily indicate a poor prognosis. The site of metastases was related to optic nerve and scleral/extrascleral extension. The various systems of staging retinoblastoma are compared, and a new system is proposed to cover the whole spectrum of the disease and to offer a reliable guide to prognosis and treatment.

Choroid↗
PubMed1978

Chemotherapy of small cell carcinoma of the lung with V.P. 16-213.

A Phase II study of V.P. 16-213 administered to 47 patients suffering from small cell carcinoma of the bronchus. V.P. 16-213 was given as an intravenous infusion over 15 minutes daily for five consecutive days using 60 mg/m2/d at 14-day intervals. Oral V.P. in 100 mg doses was given twice a week between the intravenous courses. Objective response rate for this drug compared favourably with that of other single agents reported. All but two patients showed a degree of response to treatment and 24 of 47 patients showed a true objective response to treatment. The overall median survival of these patients was 225 days and localized disease 278 days. The quality of survival was such that responders lived relatively normal lives up to the latter stages of their disease. The majority of patients had a marked response in performance status, 37 out of 47 showing an improvement. Three patients are alive and well at more than 27 months. In all cases the side effects were minimal. Alopecia was common and reversible haematological complications occurred. Severe toxicity was not encountered and the drug was well tolerated with supportive antiemetic therapy at onset of treatment.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1978

A preliminary clinical study in the use of misonidazole in cancer of the head and neck.

The value of misonidazole in advanced head and neck cancer was examined in 3 ways and the preliminary results are reported in a randomized study with large fractions of irradiation, when misonidazole appeared to confer no advantage; whereas in previously (partially) treated patients misonidazole was possibly useful. The combination of hyperbaric oxygen and misonidazole did not appear to be toxic.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The prediction of tumor regression in human squamous carcinoma by means of the potential tumor doubling time.

Thirty-three patients with locally advanced epidermoid cancer of the mouth were investigated by means of the potential tumor doubling time prior to each of four weekly infusions of methotrexate. The agent used to induce metaphase arrest was vincristine sulphate 2 mg intravenous push and the methotrexate was given in a dose of 100 mg/M2 body surface. In twenty-one patients the investigation was completed. It was found that in those patients where the P.T.D.T. was maintained at its original level there was a greater than 50% reduction in the size of the lesion, whereas when the P.T.D.T. became greatly prolonged there was no such reduction. It is suggested that the P.T.D.T. provides a simple same day method of evaluating one parameter in the cell kinetics of accessible tumors and that this information can be used to individualize chemotherapy schedules.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1976

Combination chemotherapy of advanced lung cancer: a randomized trial.

A controlled clinical trial comparing two-drug and three-drug combination chemotherapy was performed in 206 patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma, comprised of 26.2% with epidermoid carcinoma, 30.1% with small cell anaplastic carcinoma, 27.2% with adenocarcinoma, and 15.6% with large cell carcinoma. Each drug combination consisted of agents with different modes of action and included a cell-cycle-stage nonsensitive and a cell-cycle-state-sensitive agent. The overall response rate was highest for small cell carcinoma (48.2%) and adenocarcinoma (23.6%); it was less than 10% in epidermoid and large cell carcinoma. Similarly, the overall median survival was twice as long for the first two cell types (7 months) as compared with that recorded for the other two cell types (3 1/2 months). The combination of 1 (2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was shown to be statistically superior to cyclophosphamide and methotrexate with regard to objective respones rate, duration of response, and median survival for adenocarcinoma. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders (254 versus 90 days for small cell anaplastic carcinoma patients and 244 versus 184 days for adenocarcinoma patients). No difference in survival or objective response rate was observed between the different treatments for the other two cell types of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of malignant meningitis in retinoblastoma.

Six patients with meningitis due to retinoblastoma are described. The diagnosis may be suspected on clinical examination but is made by the demonstration of malignant cells in the CSF. These patients have been treated with cranial irradiation together with systemic and intrathecal cytotoxic drugs. There is one survivor. It is suggested that the CSF should be examined in all cases at risk so that the appropriate treatment can be started promptly and thus improve the prognosis.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Stathmokinetic failure to enhance radiation response in human tumours.

The literature concerning the use of metaphase inducing agents as clinical sensitisers to radiation is briefly reviewed, and five cases are reported, which suggest that under ordinary clinical conditions, these agents are not likely to be of value. These results accord with animal experiments and a possible reason is suggested.

Adenocarcinoma↗