Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Schulz

Publications and source records attributed to R Schulz.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Relocation of the aged: a review and theoretical analysis.

The literature on the relocation of the aged is examined and the findings are presented within a framework of three types of moves--institution to institution, home to institution, and home to home--with each type having a voluntary and involuntary component. A theoretical model is proposed to explain the often contradictory results reported in this literature. In brief, it is argued that an individuals' response to relocation is largely determined by (a) the perceived predictability and controllability of the events surrounding a move and (b) differences in controllability between pre- and post-relocation environments. The validity of this model is tested by examining existing research and suggestions for future research are made.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Regional categorization and quality of care in major trauma.

A statewide evaluation of major inpatient trauma treatment was completed demonstrating the relationship of emergency medical service categorization and quality of trauma care. Demographic and organ injury data provided guidelines for preventive and medical education emphasizing the need for more practical sessions. The differences between the review process of primary care physicians and specialists was also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effects of control and predictability on the physical and psychological well-being of the institutionalized aged.

It was hypothesized that some of the characteristics frequently observed among the aged--such as feelings of depression and helphlessness, as well as accelerated physical decline--are at least in part attributable to loss of control. A field experiment in which institutionalized aged were randomly assigned to one of four conditions was carried out to assess the effects of increased control and predictability upon the physical and psychological well-being of the aged. Individuals in three of the four conditions were visited by college undergraduates under varying contingencies, while persons in the fourth condition were not visited and served as a baseline comparison group. Subjects in the control condition could determine both the frequency and duration of visits they recieved. A second group of subjects (predict) was informed when they would be visited and how long the visitor would stay, but had no control over these details. A third group (random) was visited on a random schedule. It was found that predictable and controllable positive events have a powerful positive impact upon the well-being of the institutionalized aged.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of the quality of hospital care for major trauma.

A retrospective analysis of trauma care in five hospitals was undertaken. Eight hundred twenty-three charts met criteria for major trauma. A panel of surgeons reviewing 237 selected charts found the quality of care unacceptable in 16%. Unacceptability rates between hospitals ranged from 7 to 58%. Injury severity score rather than length of stay appears to be a better method for selecting patients at greater risk for poor care.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1976

Physician participation in health service management: expectations in United States and experiences in England.

Increasing governmental regulation such as called for in PSRO and health planning legislation, pressures to contain rising costs, physician strikes, and other manifestations of change suggest that traditional hospital organization and management patterns ought to be re-examined. Moreover, as the United States moves toward a governmentally financed and regulated system, experiences in Great Britain and other nationalized systems become more pertinent to us. The 1974 major reorganization of the British National Health Service provides for considerable physician participation in management. A similar participative approach to the management of the hospitals in the United States is worthy of consideration as a way to meet increasing challenges of a governmentally financed and controlled health care system.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1975

A computer simulation model for analysis of conformation of nuclear chromatin and of the transcription process.

Based on experimental data (see Lindigkeit et al., 1974) an algorithmic computer model was devised with the following parameters: (a) nbr. and position of hypothetic blocker sites at the DNA which inhibit transcription in such a manner that distinct RNA chain lengths arise; (2) time depending probability functions that a polymerase molecule (p.m.) is able to pass a blocker site; (3) time depending rate of viability of synthetizing p.m. and (4) distribution of the p.m. on the template at the time t0. For comparison between observed and computed results 3 parameters are used: (1) distribution of chain lengths of RNA molecules in vitro synthetized; (2) their total amount and (3) the number of active p.m. By means of comparisons between computed and experimental results it is possible to test hypotheses about internal structural and functional parameters of the system under investigation, e.g. estimation of the rel. influence of template vs. p.m. characters in the transcription process, hypotheses about the type of distribution of p.m. at time t0, their initiation and salt depending removal probability of the blocker structures.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1975

[Laboratory procedures in adenoviruses. II. Sensitivity of various cell cultures as determined by endpoint titration (author's transl)].

The sensitivity of human embryonic kidney (HEK), human amnion (HAm) and HeLa cells for human adenoviruses was investigated by means of endpoint titrations of 13 prototype strains and numerous original specimens from patients. Prototypes and original specimens showed the same behavior. Adenoviruses of subgrouppp III produced nearly identical titers in all 3 cell cultures, while for subgroup I HAm cells showed a 10- to 100-fold lower titer. On the other hand, HAm cells are nearly as sensitive as HEK cells for type 8, whereas HeLa cells are less sensitive. For other viruses of subgroup II and for subgrou IV, HAm (for type 12 also HeLa) cells are less sensitive than HEK cells. Out of three HeLa cell strains tested the Bristol strain was inferior to the other two in its sensitivity. Concerning the speed of the CPE development, HEK cells are superior for all types, the difference being greatest for subgroup I towards HAm and HeLa and for type 8 towards HeLa cells. The length of incubation necessary for the appearance of CPE even with minimal amounts of virus is 40 days for type 8 in all kinds of cell cultures, whereas for adenoviruses of sub-groups I and III, which are predominantly isolated in the routine laboratory, 25 days for HEK and 30 days for HAm and HeLa cells may suffice in most cases. When endpoint titrations are compared with titers obtained by immunofluorescence, it appears that this technique may be applied as a screening method; thus long incubation periods of negative specimens can be saved. The amounts of infectious virus present in original specimens are reported; the highest quantity was found in specimens containing subgroup I viruses.

Adenoviridae↗