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R Schreuder

Publications and source records attributed to R Schreuder.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Affixal homonymy triggers full-form storage, even with inflected words, even in a morphologically rich language.

This paper investigates whether affixal homonymy, the phenomenon that one affix form serves two or more semantic/syntactic functions, affects lexical processing of inflected words in a similar way for a morphologically rich language such as Finnish as for morphologically restricted languages such as Dutch and English. For the latter two languages, there is evidence that affixal homonymy triggers full-form storage for inflected words (Bertram, R., Schreuder, R., and Baayen, R. H. (in press). The balance of storage and computation in morphological processing: the role of word formation type, affixal homonymy, and productivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition; Sereno and Jongman (1997). Processing of English inflectional morphology. Memory and Cognition, 25, 425-437). Two visual lexical decision experiments show the same pattern for Finnish. Apparently, the substantially richer morphology in Finnish does not prevent full-form storage for inflected words when the affix is homonymic.

Cognition↗
PubMed2000

The balance of storage and computation in morphological processing: the role of word formation type, affixal homonymy, and productivity.

This article is concerned with the way in which the balance of storage-storing and processing words through full-form representations-and computation-storing and processing words through morpheme-based representations-in lexical processing in the visual modality is affected by the following 3 factors: word formation type (roughly, inflection vs. derivation), productivity, and affixal homonymy. Experimental results for 5 different Dutch suffixes, combined with previous results obtained for 4 comparable Finnish suffixes (R. Bertram, M. Laine, & K. Karvinen, 1999) and 2 Dutch suffixes (R. H. Baayen, T. Dijkstra, & R. Schreuder, 1997), show that none of these factors in isolation is a reliable cross-linguistic predictor of the balance of storage and computation. The authors offer a general framework that outlines how morphological processing is influenced by the interaction of word formation type, productivity, and affixal homonymy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Towards a standardised assessment procedure for developmental apraxia of speech.

This study addresses the assessment of developmental apraxia of speech (DAS) in children. For this, 11 children with a clear diagnosis of DAS were selected, based on documented speech history and perceptual evaluation of speech. The children with DAS, as well as 11 normal-speaking children, produced singleton real word and nonsense word imitations elicited in a standardised way. Phonetic transcriptions were analysed and errors in consonants classified. The results showed, firstly, that the children with DAS produced similar types of consonant errors as has been reported in the literature, which corroborates the method of elicitation as a valid procedure to assess relevant speech symptoms of DAS. Secondly, a large quantitative difference between children with DAS and normal-speaking children was found, in that children with DAS produced an overall higher rate of singleton consonant errors (substitutions, omissions, distortions) and cluster errors (cluster reductions) than the normal-speaking children. For the DAS group, the substitution-rate, particularly in real words (as opposed to nonsense words), was significantly correlated with severity as rated by two speech and language pathologists. This suggests that substitution-rate yields an adequate measure of severity of DAS. Thirdly, a qualitative difference between both subject groups emerged. Children with DAS did not benefit from the lexical status of the utterance (real versus nonsense word) to the same extent as normal-speaking children. Based on these findings the nature of the underlying deficits in speech production in DAS is discussed.

Apraxias↗
PubMed1994

Feature analysis of singleton consonant errors in developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD).

The aim of this study is to quantify diagnostic characteristics related to consonant production of developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD). For this, a paradigmatic and syntagmatic feature-value analysis of the consonant substitution and omission errors in DVD speech was conducted. Following a three-step procedure, eleven clear cases were selected from a group of 24 children with DVD. The consonants produced in a word and nonsense-word imitation task were phonetically transcribed and transferred to confusion matrices, which allows for a feature and feature-value analysis. The analysis revealed that children with DVD (a) show low percentages of retention for place and manner of articulation and voicing, due to high substitution and omission rates; (b) show a particularly low percentage of retention of place of articulation in words, which, together with error rate, is strongly related to severity of involvement; (c) are inconsistent in their feature realization and feature preference; and (d) show a high syntagmatic error rate. These results form a quantification of diagnostic characteristics. Unexpectedly, however, very few qualitative differences in error pattern were found between children with DVD and a group of 11 age-matched children with normal speech. Thus, although the children with DVD produced higher substitution and omission rates than children with normal speech, the speech profiles of both subject groups are similar. This result stresses the importance of interpreting profiles, not isolated symptoms. The hypothesis to consider DVD as a deficit in the phonological encoding process is discussed.

Apraxias↗
PubMed1993

Bidirectional grapheme-phoneme activation in a bimodal detection task.

A divided attention paradigm was used to investigate whether graphemes and phonemes can mutually activate or inhibit each other during bimodal processing. In 3 experiments, Dutch subjects reacted to visual and auditory targets in single-channel or bimodal stimuli. In some bimodal conditions, the visual and auditory targets were nominally identical or redundant (e.g., visual A and auditory /a/); in others they were not (e.g., visual U and auditory /a/). Temporal aspects of cross-modal activation were examined by varying the stimulus onset asynchrony of visual and auditory stimuli. Cross-modal facilitation--but not inhibition--occurred rapidly and automatically between phoneme and grapheme representations. Implications for current models of bimodal processing and word recognition are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Processing novel compounds: evidence for interactive meaning activation of ambiguous nouns.

In three experiments, the meaning activation of ambiguous nouns in novel nominal compounds was investigated. Ambiguous nouns were unbalanced homographs occurring as the second members of the compound. Meaningful interpretations of the compounds were based on either the dominant or the subordinate meaning of the ambiguous noun. In Experiment 1, visually presented novel compounds serving as primes were followed at varying intervals by targets associatively related to distinct meanings of the ambiguous noun. In a lexical decision task, facilitation effects were found only for targets related to the meaning that was relevant for the interpretation of the compound. Experiment 2 showed that interactive activation could not be attributed to differences in semantic relatedness between the first members of compounds and targets. Experiment 3 demonstrated equal intralexical relatedness between members for both types of compounds. It is proposed that interactive activation may facilitate the interpretation of the novel compound. Compatible meaning aspects of the nouns may become more strongly activated, and incompatible meaning aspects may not become activated. The selection of meaning aspects relevant for interpretation would thereby be simplified.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

From concepts to lexical items.

In this paper we address the question how in language production conceptual structures are mapped onto lexical items. First we describe the lexical system in a fairly abstract way. Such a system consists of, among other things, a fixed set of basic lexical entries characterized by four groups of information: phonetic form, grammatical features, argument structure, and semantic form. A crucial assumption of the paper is that the meaning in a lexical entry has a complex internal structure composed of more primitive elements (decomposition). Some aspects of argument structure and semantic form and their interaction are discussed with respect to the issue of synonymy. We propose two different mappings involved in lexical access. One maps conceptual structures to semantic forms, and the other maps semantic forms to conceptual structures. Both mappings are context dependent and are many-to-many mappings. We present an elaboration of Levelt's (1989) model in which these processes interact with the grammatical encoder and the mental lexicon. Then we address the consequences of decomposition for processing models, especially the nature of the input of lexical access and the time course. Processing models that use the activation metaphor may have difficulties accounting for certain phenomena where a certain lemma triggers not one, but two or more word forms that have to be produced with other word forms in between.

Female↗
PubMed1991

The interpretation of isolated novel nominal compounds.

The lexical decision task was used to investigate interpretative processing of isolated novel compounds (noun-noun nominals). On the basis of interpretability ratings, novel compounds were classified as being of either high or low interpretability. In a lexical decision task in which novel compounds functioned as nonwords, a significant interference effect was found for compounds of high interpretability. In a naming task, no differences were found between the two types of novel compounds, but lexicalized compounds resulted in shorter latencies than did novel compounds. Novel compounds were also shown to be interpreted under conditions unfavorable to morphological decomposition, suggesting that the interpretation process is beyond strategic control by the subject. Equal semantic priming effects were obtained for members of established semantic categories and nouns of highly interpretable compounds. Interpretative processes dealing with a limited set of basic semantic relations and analogy with lexicalized compounds are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Context-dependent migrations in visual word perception.

In the present study we investigate the effect of context--that is, a prime--on migration errors. Migration errors, or migrations, are caused by perceptual interactions between two words in a visual display, such as line-lace. After postcuing, subjects sometimes report lane or lice, instead of the requested word line. This phenomenon has been demonstrated by previous studies. In the experiments reported here, we replicate this phenomenon. We also find that more migrations of the lane type occur (compared with lice type), when the display line-lace is preceded by a prime related to lane (but not to lice). This shows that higher order word knowledge, in the form of semantic relations between words, influences the migration phenomenon. Further, we show that the number of migration errors are not a result of only a summation of activation from the letters in the display. The method we developed to isolate context-dependent migrations also gives valuable information about the effect of contextual information on word perception.

Attention↗