Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Scholler.
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Pregnancy Specific beta 1 Glycoprotein (PS beta 1G), human choriogonadotropin (hCG), alpha foeto protein (AFP) and Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) were assayed in 58 patients with active germ cell tumors and 20 patients in complete clinical and radiological remission. The markers were negative in all the cases in remission as well as in one case of pure teratoma. The positivity rate of the four markers together is 75%, which is better than for any marker alone. All the markers except AFP seem ubiquitous with respect to the histological classification. The highest positivity rate is obtained for hCG in all the histological types. PS beta 1G is related to hCG but its positivity rate is quite lower. AFP is mainly related to embryonal carcinoma but can be associated with any type of tumor except seminoma. CEA is less frequently positive, always associated with other markers and seems therefore useless for the diagnosis of germ cell tumors.
A longitudinal study from peripheral blood, with samples collected every week, was performed between birth and one year of age on young Fox terriers dogs in order to determine the patterns of plasma LH, T, DHA and A concentrations. T, DHA, A curves show the same profile. The dog model shows the 3 successive steps preceding the adult life that are met in one year time: First, an infantile period between birth and the 12th week of age: the basal level of LH (4.29 ng/ml) and the 3 androgens levels (T less than 0.3 ng/ml, DHA less than 0.45 ng/ml, A less than 0.36 ng/ml) are low. A pubertal period, between the 13th week and the 36th week of age: we observe the maximum activity of the pituitary gland. The basal level of LH (7.97 ng/ml) significantly increase (P less than 0.001). The mean levels of androgens from 17 to 27 weeks of age are still quite low although significantly higher (P less than 0.03) for T and DHA than previously. After the 27th week of age, the androgens concentrations drastically increase. A post pubertal period begins at the 36th week of age. The mean LH (5.85 nh/ml) decrease. The androgens concentrations seem to plateau during the 12th month of age in the range of 2.5-5 ng/ml for T, 1.5-2.5 ng/ml for DHA and 1-2 ng/ml for A. hCG test (35 UI/kg, IM), with samples collected at 6, 12, 24, 30, 36 and 48 hours post injection, were performed at 1, 4, 7, 9 and 12 months of age. At 1 month, only minor variations were noticed; but after 4 months of age, for the 3 steroids, the same time course response was observed as in the adult dog: maximum levels were reached earlier for DHA (6-12 h) than for T and A (24 h).
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Luteal deficiency has been attributed a patho-physiologic role in benign fibro-cystic breast disease, whereas Prolactin would not be involved in this disease. To tes these hypotheses, patients with fibro-cystic breast disease have been investigated through the combined LH-RH + TRH test, coupled with ovarian steroids estimations. 63 menstruating patients with ovulatory cycles, as evidenced by the temperature curve and proven fibro-cystic breast disease, as demonstrated by senography and thermogrphy and/or operation, have been selected for this study. The findings do not favour the role of luteal dificiency but rather the role of PRL hyperactivity in the pathol-physiology of fibro-cySTIC BREAST DISEASE.
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This work is concerned with 399 women who were either near the menopause or had had the menopause and on whom 476 hormone levels and 169 examinations of the endometrium had been carried out. It is possible to put the women into three groups. 13 p. 100 showed a diphasic cycle, with more or less normal ovarian function. Among the group of women whose cycle was not diphasic an appreciable number had normal oestrogenic activity, or were indeed hyperoestrogenic. The others were hypo-oestrogenic. Several facts can be derived from this study. Raised levels of E.2 can be found even when there is no cyclical activity and even in women who have raised levels of FSH. Normal ovarian function may be resumed several months after the menopause, although when the levels of FSH are raised the occurrence of the postmenopausal state would seem to be confirmed. The presence of hot flushes does not seem to correspond to a particular hormonal state. Marked differences seem to exist between the levels of the plasma hormones and the endometrial biopsy results. It is possible to have an atrophic endometrium with a raised level of oestradiol-17 beta, or on the other hand a polypoidal endometrium in women who are hypo-oestrogenic. The presence of levels of progesterone such as are found in a normal luteal phase does not indicate that the endometrium will necessarily be secretory. These contradictions cannot be resolved by studying the intra-cellular concentrations of the hormone receptors. The approach of the menopause is not always characterized by a progressive and continuous state of oestrogen deficiency or by hypophysial overactivity. This classical picture can be heavily shaded. All kinds of hormone profiles and responses by the receptor organs may be met and the clinician should be aware of these facts when he chooses therapy.
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Most members of seven families in whom one subject was known to have congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency were haplotyped for HLA B antigen which was supposed to be linked to the defective gene. Heterozygous males (group 1, n = 9), and females (group 3, n = 8) were recognized. These had no clinical abnormalities. All heterozygotes, as well as eight normal males (group 2) and ten normal females (group 4) received in IM injection of Synacthen. Plasma samples obtained before (PRE) and three hours after (POST) the injection was assayed for cortisol, testosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. All steroids increased significantly after ACTH except for testosterone. The ratio cortisol/17-OHP (F/17-OHP) decreased in group 1. POST 17-OHP (ng/ml) (x +/- SEM) was higher and F/17-OHP lower in groups 1 and 3 respectively: (5.83 +/- 1.83, 60 +/- 20; 4.53 +/- 1.13, 81 +/- 34) than in groups 2 and 4: (1.95 +/- 0.72, 196 +/- 67; 1.94 +/- 0.65, 269 +/- 167). POST F levels were not different among groups. When the distributions were standardized, individual POST 17-OHP levels of heterozygotes were different from the mean POST 17-OHP of the respective normal group and vice versa. The two normal males from the affected families could also be separated from heterozygous but not from normal males.