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Biomedical subjects

R Schmutzler

Publications and source records attributed to R Schmutzler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Prevalence and type of incidental extramammary findings in MRI of the breast].

PURPOSE: To analyze prevalence and type of relevant incidental findings in patients undergoing breast MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective investigation consists of 1013 patients who underwent breast MRI as follow-up after breast cancer therapy, for pre-operative staging, and for screening of high-risk patients as well as for clarification of unclear clinical examinations and inconclusive conventional mammography. Prevalence and type of relevant incidental extramammary findings were recorded together with the indication of the examination. RESULTS: Incidental extramammary findings were encountered in 92 (9%) of the 1013 patients. MRI had markedly more incidental extramammary findings with the staging examinations (39.5%) and follow-up examinations (11.6%). The prevalence of incidental malignant findings was 81% in patients examined for pre-operative staging. Incidental benign and malignant findings were equally frequent in patients followed after breast cancer therapy. The incidental findings were exclusively benign in patients without a history of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of breast MRI should incorporate a careful analysis of the adjacent extramammary structures. Especially patients followed after breast cancer therapy can be expected to have incidental malignant findings outside the breast.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

[Counselling, genetic testing and prevention in women with hereditary breast- and ovarian cancer. Interdisciplinary recommendations of the consortium "Hereditary Breast- and Ovarian Cancer" of the German Cancer AiD].

Women with familial predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer represent a small group of patients with very high risk for developing breast and/ or ovarian cancer before the age of 50 years. The individual breast cancer risk can be assessed by genetic counselling and can be specified by genetic diagnostics. As part of the gynaecological consultation, adequate preventive measures are offered. Psycho-oncological counselling may help in decision making. For hereditary carcinomas, counselling is still not considered as a routine medical care, even though basic and routine preventive measures are insufficient for this group of high risk patients. Within the last years, 12 specialized centres in Germany have developed a patient care concept for women with a familial risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Establishment of these centres for familial breast and ovarian cancer and use of evidence-based medical care was initiated in a nationwide interdisciplinary joint research project and supported by the German Cancer AiD. These measures were integrated in a quality assurance concept for structure, process and result optimization. Thus, all requirements for introducing these services into routine patient management have been fulfilled.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

[Prevention in familial breast cancer susceptibility].

First retrospective data show that hereditary Breast cancer risk can be positively influenced by prophylactic surgical procedures and hereby a thorough consultation seem to be an option for mutant gene carriers. A first evaluation of the women of 1050 high-risk families by the German Consortium "Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer promoted by the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe)" has shown that approximately 80% of the women concerned decide to participate in an intensive early detection--programme and only 5% of the women have decided to submit themselves to prophylactic surgical measures. This again shows how absolutely necessary the elaboration and evaluation of early detection measures within the different investigation projects are.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of the human Rad51 genomic locus and examination of tumors with 15q14-15 loss of heterozygosity (LOH).

Human Rad51 (hRad51) has been found to be associated with BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53 either directly or indirectly and is one of at least eight human genes that are members of the Escherichia coli RecA/Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 family thought to affect genomic stability through DNA recombination/repair processes. While inactivation of DNA mismatch repair clearly leads to instability of repeated sequences and to an increased risk for tumorigenesis, such a parallel for the RecA family members has not been reported. Recently, a high frequency of loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 15q14-15, near the genomic region containing hRad51, has been reported in human tumors (W. Wick et al., Oncogene, 12: 973-978, 1996). To determine whether hRad51 inactivation may be involved in the etiology of these tumors, we have characterized the hRad51 genetic locus and mapped it to chromosome 15q14-15 within the central region of loss of heterozygosity. However, single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of tumors did not reveal any mutations in the hRad51 coding sequence or intron/exon boundaries. We also examined the DNA methylation status of a CpG-rich region in the putative hRad51 promoter region. No indication of hypermethylation was found. These results suggest that hRad51 is not a tumor suppressor because it is either an essential gene, redundant gene and/or independent of the BRCA1/BRCA2 tumor suppressor pathway(s).

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1994

Anti-EBNA-1 (carboxy-half) IgG antibodies as a seroepidemiological marker for Epstein-Barr virus infection.

A population of 2,024 voluntary blood donors was tested for anti-EBNA-1 IgG and anti-VCA IgG serum antibodies to define the EBV infection rate and to compare two different epidemiological markers. Initial screening was performed with a sensitive EBNA-1-IgG ELISA based on recombinant antigen (Biotest) and a VCA-IgG ELISA based on conventional antigen. Both ELISAs had concordant results in 90.4% of the sera. The infection rate was found to be 96.8%. The expected immune status VCA+/EBNA+ was observed in 98.1% of the seropositives. The comparison of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values between the two screening assays underlines the superiority of the EBNA-1 ELISA. The marker anti-EBNA-1 IgG as detected by a sensitive ELISA (Biotest anti-EBV recombinant) is suitable for defining previous EBV infection (positive predictive value 99.8%). The high infection rate in the adult population, however, renders the supply with EBV-negative blood rather difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone infusion interval: importance in pharmacodynamics.

Circulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were measured during and after intravenous infusion intervals ranging from 0.08 minutes to 5 minutes and doses ranging from 1 to 25 micrograms per pulse. In all dose groups (1 vs. 5 vs. 25 micrograms), the peak levels of GnRH decreased from the 0.08 minute to the 5 minute infusion interval. Our results suggest that the infusion interval over which GnRH is administered has profound effects on the amount, duration, and pattern of GnRH measured in the peripheral circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Subcutaneous implantable infusion device for chronic intravenous pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment.

Preliminary data indicate the potential utility of an implantable subcutaneous device that facilitates chronic intravenous infusion of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for ovulation induction. GnRH distribution curves were congruent in control monkeys and those with implanted devices. Tissue tolerance was good in this brief trial. These findings suggest that use of this or a similar implantable device be considered for chronic GnRH administration in human pulse therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

GFAP in brain tumor diagnosis: possibilities and limitations.

Investigation of GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) in 175 brain tumours showed varying amounts of fibrillary acidic protein in every glioma. In ependymal and oligodendroglial tumours a high number of positive neoplastic elements were detected, GFAP positive were also the peri-vascular cells of a so-called astroblastoma. In pilocytic astrocytomas, Rosenthal fibers were in part GFAP positive, in part negative. In giant cells gliomas, giant cells were GFAP negative or weakly positive. Intraleptomeningeal growing tumour cells presented usually a very strong positivity. In 8 recurring oligodendrogliomas, the number of GFAP positive tumour cells was the same in the primary tumour and in its recurrence. These results demonstrate that GFAP is not a specific astrocytic, but a glial-specific protein. Although GFAP is usually present in greater concentration in differentiated, slow growing gliomas, absolute reliable predictions on biological behaviour of the individual tumour are not possible, because a high GFAP content can be detected also in malignant tumours. GFAP investigation does not seem reliable for solving the pathogenetic problems of undifferentiated tumours: the results obtained in 50 medulloblastomas showed that the investigation of small tumour samples or the positivity of a single cell are inadequate data for a correct evaluation of the findings, especially bearing in mind that GFAP of degenerated astrocytes can be phagocytised by other cells, these findings giving rise to misinterpretations.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1978

Picotamide: effects on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation during prolonged administration in the aged.

Picotamide was administered in a daily dose of 1500 mg per os for 30 days to 30 aged, arteriosclerotic subjects and as single doses of 500 mg and 1000 mg to another group of 16 subjects. A reduction of platelet aggregation (methods of Born and Breddin) was observed within 24 hours of commencement of treatment and became more evident in the subsequent days. The reduction was both consistent and significant. A marked increase in fibrinolytic activity (fibrin plate method) was observed during the first 24 hours, particularly for euglobulins with activator. The reaction and clot formation times (r and k) were prolonged and the maximal amplitude (ma) in thrombelastogram was reduced by a definite, though small amount. After the administration of a single dose the maximal effect was observed after eight hours and was still evident after 48 and, to a lesser degree, after 72 hours. The drug was in all cases well tolerated, without any significant side-effects nor untoward reactions.

Administration, Oral↗