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Biomedical subjects

R Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to R Schmid.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[McArdle's disease: therapeutic use of depot-glucagon].

Typical signs and findings of McArdle's disease were noted in a 27-year-old women. Echocardiographically there was impaired myocardial function. Subcutaneous injection of 2 mg depot-glucagon increased blood sugar levels with objective improvement of muscular function. This is suggested as a practical method of treatment for anticipated increase in muscular stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The role of the flocculus in vestibular compensation after hemilabyrinthectomy.

Unilateral lesions of the cerebellar flocculus were made in two groups of cats chronically implanted for eye-movement recording. In the first group (3 cats), the floccular lesion preceded by 40-70 days a unilateral labyrinthectomy on the contralateral side. In the second group (5 cats), the serial order of the two lesions was reverted, the unilateral flocculectomy following unilateral labyrinthectomy by about 60 days in 2 animals and by 16-27 months in the other 3. The effects of the unilateral labyrinthectomy on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (spontaneous nystagmus and asymmetrical responses) were extensively tested by using natural vestibular stimulations. It was found that recovery from these effects was severely delayed in animals from the first group (flocculectomy prior to labyrinthectomy), although in animals from the second group the flocculectomy secondary to the labyrinthectomy only produced a transient asymmetry of vestibulo-ocular responses. It is concluded that the flocculus is required for initiating (not for maintaining), the compensatory process following peripheral lesions of the vestibular system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Saccadic responses evoked by presentation of visual and auditory targets.

Saccadic eye movements evoked by the presentation of visual and auditory targets were examined and compared. Differences were found either in the pattern of the saccadic response and in the characteristics of single saccades of the same amplitude. The longer latency and the higher percentage of multiple saccade responses in the auditory case were attributed to a more complex central processing, whereas the longer duration and the lower peak velocity of the saccades to auditory targets were attributed to reduced performances of the execution mechanism in the absence of vision.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Visual-vestibular interaction in the control of eye movement: mathematical modelling and computer simulation.

After a brief description of the main anatomical structures subserving the oculomotor responses during combined vestibular and optokinetic stimulations, a mathematical model is presented. With respect to a previous model by Schmid et al. (1980), a more accurate definition of the roles of the neural mechanisms involved in oculomotor control in different conditions of visual-vestibular interaction is given. The model is proved to be able to predict not only oculomotor responses, but also single unit average responses in the vestibular nuclei and in the vestibulo-cerebellum. Experimental data available in the literature on monkeys and cats are used for model validation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hepatitis B viral DNA in liver and serum of asymptomatic carriers.

Cloned DNA probes were used to test for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the liver and serum of 14 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and two former carriers. The results were compared with serological markers of HBV infection and liver histopathology. Three groups of carriers were distinguished. In group I, HBV DNA was present in both liver and serum. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), a marker of viral replication, was uniformly positive in serum. In one individual in this group, viral DNA was also integrated into liver genomic DNA. In group II, lower levels of nonintegrated HBV DNA were detected in the liver, but no HBV DNA was found in the serum. HBeAg was negative and with one exception there were antibodies to HBeAg. Integrated viral DNA was present in each case. In group III, there was no detectable nonintegrated viral DNA in serum or liver, but one individual had integrated sequences. All carriers lacked antibodies to HBsAg and had antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and demonstrated nonspecific histological abnormalities in the liver. These findings indicate significant quantitative and qualitative differences among asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and suggest that their infectivity may be highly variable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Capsaicin does not change tissue levels of glutamic acid, its uptake, or release in the rat spinal cord.

Capsaicin treatment (50 mg/kg, subcutaneous) of newborn rats resulted in 1 75% decrease of substance P immunoreactivity in the dorsal spinal cord of the adult animal, but failed to affect levels of the proposed sensory neurotransmitter glutamic acid or to alter high-affinity uptake of [3H]glutamic acid into synaptosomes of the same tissue. Furthermore, capsaicin (30 microM) in vitro had no influence on the release of [3H]glutamic acid from spinal cord P2 fractions of untreated adult rats, but induced a marked release of substance P. The results suggest that, in contrast to substance P fibers, neurons containing glutamic acid are not sensitive to capsaicin. Eleven other neurochemical parameters measured in the spinal cord did not appear to be changed by the treatment with capsaicin, suggesting a considerable neurochemical selectivity of the lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of various monitoring techniques in late pregnancy to detect poor intrauterine fetal growth.

102 pregnant women, suspected of placental insufficiency, according to their physical findings, were regularly monitored by various techniques which were related to the birth of a small-for-date infant (less than 10th weight percentile), and assessed by calculations of recognition, occurrence, and exclusion probabilities. High reliability was given by ultrasonic biometry, by human placental lactogen (HPL) and estriol both in serum, and placental perfusion measurements (113mIn) if they were within the normal range. Antepartum non-stressed cardiotocogram revealed probability rates similar to HPL in serum. Combination of monitoring methods augmented the prognostic value, nevertheless a problem of relatively high numbers of false-positive findings remained. For large departments all methods are recommended; for smaller ones particularly antepartum cardiotocogram in combination with ultrasonic biometry is recommended.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1982

gamma-Aminobutyric acid- and benzodiazepine-binding sites in human anterior pituitary tissue.

The existence of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in human anterior pituitary tissue was examined. Crude membrane fractions prepared from human anterior pituitary tissue bound tritiated GABA. The binding was saturable, and Scatchard analysis indicated a single binding site of high affinity (Kd = 40 nM) and a maximum binding of 1.2 pmol/mg protein. Binding was displaced in a dose-related manner by the GABA agonists muscimol (KI = 1 X 10(-8) M), isoguvacine (KI = 6 X 10(-7) M), THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol); KI = 5 X 10(-6) M), and the antagonist (+)bicuculline (KI = 5 X 10(-5) M) but not its inactive stereoisomer (-)bicuculline (KI greater than 10(-3) M). In anterior pituitary tissue, a significant concentration of GABA was found (mean, 2.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg protein) but no glutamic acid decarboxylase activity, the enzyme synthesizing GABA, was detected using a highly sensitive assay. In addition, benzodiazepine binding was present. An affinity of approximately 15 nM and a Bmax of approximately 0.75 pmol/mg protein were observed when using [3H]diazepam as the ligand. No saturable clonazepam binding occurred, and only slight GABA stimulation of diazepam binding was observed (mean, 18%; range, 6-38%). The ability of GABA and benzodiazepine to alter PRL secretion in rats suggests that the human pituitary GABA-binding sites described here might also mediate effects on PRL release.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sonication and other improvements on Jeffrey's technique for macerating wood.

Large, up to pencil-size pieces of wood, rather than slivered wood, are macerated in Jeffrey's fluid, which consists of ca. 1:1 aqueous nitric acid and aqueous chromic acid (each 10% or weaker). Staining is done in ca. 1% solution of safranin in absolute alcohol. The intact pieces of wood can be very briefly sonicated in xylene to release isolated elements and connected cell groups. Various alternative steps are noted. Discussion focuses on the practical and theoretical advantages derived from the aforementioned innovations.

Histological Techniques↗
PubMed1982

Characteristics of teachers of emotionally disturbed adolescents.

The National Secondary Society School Survey was conducted to obtain information regarding the "state-of-the-art" in service delivery to learning disabled and emotionally disturbed adolescents. Volunteer teachers in all fifty states completed a survey instrument regarding their own characteristics and those of their students and educational programs. The results of analyses of the responses of 320 secondary level teachers of emotionally disturbed adolescents to questionnaire items regarding their personal and educational characteristics are presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The incidence of congenital abnormalities following gestagen administration in early pregnancy (author's transl)].

198 women who had been trying for years to have a baby were submitted to a trial of prophylactic allyloestrenol therapy in an attempt to lower the incidence of spontaneous abortion. Allyloestrenol (Gestanon) was given at a dosage of 10 mg daily until the 8th week of pregnancy; the dosage was then stepped up to 15 to 20 mg daily until the 12th week of pregnancy and then rapidly tailed off. A decrease in the miscarriage rate was seen only in the group of women in whom treatment had been commenced immediately following ovulation (27 women: 1 miscarriage). If therapy was initiated only after the first missed period then it was without effect (161 women: 23 miscarriages). There were 4 cases of severe congenital abnormality; 3 of these cases arose in the group given allyloestrenol immediately after ovulation (with a drastic reduction in miscarriage rate). The results are discussed. They speak against a cytotoxic effect of the gestagen. It appears likely that the lowering in miscarriage rate occurs at the expense of a failure to prevent the nidation of abnormal fetuses who would normally be aborted.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗