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Biomedical subjects

R Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to R Schmid.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Inguinal hernia as a sequela of disordered bladder emptying?].

We examined 56 patients with hernias and 49 patients with other diseases prior to operation. They were all above 50 years of age. The urological screening examination included the patients history of the frequency of urination during night and day time, dysuria, the common risk factors (smoking, coughing, obstipation), obesity, a sonographic measurement of the prostate diameters, a sonographic evaluation of residual urine and the determination of the urinary flow rate. None of the above parameters showed a significant difference between the two groups. Surprisingly more than 60% of all men showed a pathological voiding function (either residual urine and/or a pathological flow rate). Our conclusions are: 1. Patients with inguinal hernias do not show a greater incidence of pathological bladder function than patients of the control group. The benign prostatic hypertrophy as a risk factor for the development of inguinal hernias is most questionable. 2. Because the results showed no significant difference between the two groups, a determination of residual urine prior to operation is not necessary. 3. More than 60% of the men above 50 years showed a pathological voiding function. We recommend a urological screening test for all men above 50 years of age during hospitalisation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Individual dosing in methadone substitution therapy. Determination of concentration with high performance liquid chromatography in comparison to immunoassay].

Individual Dosing in Methadone Maintenance Therapy/Plasma level determination by means of high performance liquid chromatography versus immunoassay. Measuring plasma methadone levels during maintenance therapy is a matter of discussion. Yet, there has been surprisingly little interest in integrating therapeutic drug monitoring into methadone maintenance programmes. The reasons for this are practical. To achieve optimal results during methadone maintenance therapy, a plasma level higher than 200 ng/ml is desired at all times during treatment. In the present study, a total number of 124 plasma samples were estimated twice: by means of HPLC and by means of fluorescence polarization immunoassay (Abbott TDx). The coefficient of correlation was 0.96416. We conclude that therapeutic drug monitoring should become routine in methadone treatment to achieve optimum results, especially in patients who complain of withdrawal symptoms and continue high-risk behaviour. The used immunoassay was found to be safe and inexpensive.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Psychophysiological reactions in methadone maintenance patients do not correlate with methadone plasma levels.

In methadone maintenance therapy methadone plasma concentrations of 400 ng/ml are necessary to suppress any further opiate action and to provide stabilized maintenance. In a controlled study we have searched for a differentiation in autonomous activation between patients having low and high methadone plasma levels, using static and dynamic pupillometry and habituation of skin conductance response. Results show that there is no difference in psychophysiological response between patients with high (greater than 400 ng/ml) or low (less than 400 ng/ml) plasma levels of methadone. This indicates that there is no reduction in behavioral arousal in patients with high plasma methadone levels. On the basis of these findings, there is no rationale to maintain patients on plasma levels below 400 ng/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ornipressin in the treatment of functional renal failure in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Effects on renal hemodynamics and atrial natriuretic factor.

In 11 patients with decompensated cirrhosis and deteriorating renal function, the effect of the vasoconstrictor substance 8-ornithin vasopressin (ornipressin; POR 8; Sandoz, Basel, Switzerland) on renal function, hemodynamic parameters, and humoral mediators was studied. Ornipressin was infused at a dose of 6 IU/h over a period of 4 hours. During ornipressin infusion an improvement of renal function was achieved as indicated by significant increases in inulin clearance (+65%), paraaminohippuric acid clearance (+49%), urine volume (+45%), sodium excretion (+259%), and fractional elimination of sodium (+130%). The hyperdynamic circulation was reversed to a nearly normal circulatory state. The increase in systemic vascular resistance (+60%) coincided with a decrease of a previously elevated renal vascular resistance (-27%) and increase in renal blood flow (+44%). The renal fraction of the cardiac output increased from 2.3% to 4.7% (P less than 0.05). A decline of the elevated plasma levels of noradrenaline (2.08-1.13 ng/mL; P less than 0.01) and renin activity (27.6-14.2 ng.mL-1.h-1; P less than 0.01) was achieved. The plasma concentration of the atrial natriuretic factor increased in most of the patients, but slightly decreased in 3 patients. The decrease of renal vascular resistance and the increase of renal blood flow and of the renal fraction of cardiac output play a key role in the beneficial effect of ornipressin on renal failure. These changes develop by an increase in mean arterial pressure, the reduction of the sympathetic activity, and probably of an extenuation of the splanchnic vasodilation. A significant contribution of atrial natriuretic factor is less likely. The present findings implicate that treatment with ornipressin represents an alternative approach to the management of functional renal failure in advanced liver cirrhosis.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1991

Liver, lung and kidney homogenates used as an activation system in mutagenicity studies of airborne particles and of expectorate and urine samples from exposed workers in a coke plant.

A comparison was made between lung and kidney homogenates on the one hand and liver S9 from rats on the other hand in order to compare their ability to activate promutagens. The Salmonella reversion assay was used on extracts of airborne particles from the top of coke oven batteries, and of expectorate and urine samples from exposed workers in the same coke plant. The contents of benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene in the different test solutions were measured by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Both mutagens were detected in the filter extract and in the expectorates from the exposed workers but not in the expectorates from the control groups or in the urine samples. The liver S9 gave significantly higher mutagenicity than lung and kidney activation with both filter samples and expectorate and urine samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

On-line determination of glucose in biotechnological processes: comparison between FIA and an in situ enzyme electrode.

Two different analysis techniques for on-line monitoring of glucose in biotechnological processes have been tested: an in situ enzyme electrode and a flow injection analysis system (FIA). The measuring ranges, detection limits, response times and the reliabilities of each system have been compared during monitoring of batch and continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Flow injection immunoanalysis (FIIA)--a new immunoassay format for the determination of pesticides in water.

This paper presents the development of a new heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay format for the detection of pesticides. It uses the technique of a flow injection system and is named flow injection immunoanalysis (FIIA). Results are demonstrated for the measurements of the herbicide atrazine, which belongs to the triazines, and the potential of this method compared with another immunoassay format (ELISA) is discussed.

Atrazine↗
PubMed1991

Cariogenicity of Milchschnitte (Ferrero GmbH) and apple in program-fed rats.

The cariogenicity of Ferrero Milchschnitte and apple was tested in rats using a frequency-controlled feeding machine. Twelve litters of Osborne-Mendel rats orally infected with Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ-176 and Actinomyces viscosus Ny-1 were used. Four treatment groups were tested: (1) cooked starch/sucrose 1:1 as positive control; (2) Ferrero Milchschnitte; (3) apple; (4) gastric intubation only as negative control. Groups 1-3 were additionally fed by gastric intubation with essential nutrients. Rats on Milchschnitte and apple had less fissure and smooth-surface caries than rats on a starch/sucrose diet, but significantly more than the negative controls. The Milchschnitte group exhibited less plaque extent than the positive and the negative control. The apple group showed a higher plaque extent and massively extended erosions on molar surfaces. The CFU means of S. sobrinus were decreasing from treatment 1-4. Although differences between treatments were not significant, they were associated by concomitantly decreasing caries incidence. The test foods were also assessed using intraoral plaque-pH telemetry in 6 human volunteers. Both Milchschnitte and apple were acidogenic in human telemetry. They can therefore not be regarded as safe for teeth.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Technique for greatly shortening the transition from methadone to naltrexone maintenance of patients addicted to opiates.

Acute methadone detoxification was induced by the intravenous administration of naloxone during simultaneous intravenous sedation with midazolam, a fully reversible short-acting benzodiazepine, in seven patients addicted to opiates. Within hours the patients tolerated full doses of naltrexone. This technique enables patients to transfer easily, quickly, and safely from methadone to naltrexone maintenance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of motilin on gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.

OBJECTIVES: Because disturbances of gastric emptying are a serious complication in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with regard to the maintenance of good metabolic control, we wanted to assess the effectiveness of motilin as a potential treatment for gastric emptying disturbances. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The intestinal hormone motilin has been shown to accelerate gastric emptying in healthy subjects. Therefore, we examined the effect of intravenous motilin on gastric emptying of a 99mTc colloid-labeled semisolid test meal in 9 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic gastroparesis. All patients had a significantly delayed gastric emptying rate compared with a group of 11 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: During the infusion of motilin, gastric emptying was accelerated, and it was no longer significantly different from control values. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that motilin and related compounds such as erythromycin derivatives could be useful for the treatment of disturbed gastric emptying in diabetic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Similar efficacy of abrupt and gradual opiate detoxification.

A study comparing abrupt and gradual opiate detoxification which identified the efficacy by means of computer-assisted pupilometry and rating of withdrawal distress is presented. This paper concentrates on the efficacies of these two detoxification modes with regard to the identical results after successful opiate detoxification treatment. The findings of the present investigation support the hypothesis that withdrawal distress returns to a normal level after rapid naloxone withdrawal treatment within 6 days. Similar results can be seen for inpatient methadone withdrawal after 3 weeks of treatment. These results indicate that by rapid detoxification therapy, the time of withdrawal can be effectively shortened. Considering the low dropout rate and the high degree of acceptance during rapid detoxification, the rapid detoxification regimen is an effective and economic alternative to gradual withdrawal treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Who was Disse?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Gastroenterology↗
PubMed1990

Orientation of subunit c of the ATP synthase of Escherichia coli--a study with peptide-specific antibodies.

Antibodies were raised against a peptide of subunit c of the ATP synthase from Escherichia coli obtained by cleavage with cyanogen bromide. This peptide comprises the amino acid residues Gly-18 to Met-57 and contains the highly conserved, hydrophilic stretch of subunit c. Several conformation-specific populations of antibodies recognized this region both in isolated subunit c and in the intact F0 complex. In antibody binding studies with membrane vesicles of different orientations, recognition occurred only after incubation with everted membrane vesicles, independent of the presence or absence of F1, although a higher membrane protein concentration was necessary to observe the same antibody binding in the presence of the F1 part. From these results we conclude that the hydrophilic region of subunit c is exposed to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1990

A Cl(-)-translocating adenosinetriphosphatase in Acetabularia acetabulum. 1. Purification and characterization of a novel type of adenosinetriphosphatase that differs from chloroplast F1 adenosinetriphosphatase.

ATPases were solubilized from membranes of Acetabularia acetabulum using nonanoyl-N-methylgluconamide and purified by ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Three fractions of ATPase, Mono Q-I, -II, and -III, were separated. Activity in fraction Mono Q-I was very labile and could not be accurately determined. Fractions Mono Q-II and -III had specific activities of 0.6 and 6 units/mg of protein, respectively. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and peptide mapping, it was shown that fractions Mono Q-II and -III consisted of the same polypeptides with molecular masses of 54K (a-subunit) and 50K (b-subunit). Fractions Mono Q-II and -III had the following catalytic properties: pH optimum at 6.0; substrate specificity, ATP = GTP = ITP much greater than UTP = CTP (Km for ATP 0.6 mM); divalent cation requirement, Mn2+ = Mg2+ greater than Co2+ greater than Zn2+ much greater than Ca2+, Ni2+. Both activities were inhibited by monovalent anions, while monovalent cations had neither inhibitory nor stimulatory effects. Orthovanadate inhibited both activities to 50% at 1 mM, and the most effective inhibitor of both was azide (95% inhibition at 100 microM). An enzyme-phosphate complex was formed after incubation of fraction Mono Q-III with [gamma-32P]ATP. The CF1-ATPase subcomplexes were isolated from the same organism and compared with the fraction Mono Q-III. Data supported the difference of fraction Mono Q-III from CF1-ATPase.

Acetabularia↗
PubMed1990

Naloxone induces miosis in normal subjects.

In a placebo-controlled trial, pupillary constriction was measured in healthy non-addicted subjects and in opiate addicts by using static computer-assisted pupillometry. In contrast to earlier reports, a clear-cut pupillary constriction was observed in healthy persons after a single intravenous injection of 0.4 mg naloxone. No significant changes of pupillary size were recorded in the same subjects after the administration of a placebo. In methadone-maintained subjects, the IV administration of 0.4 mg naloxone caused a significant pupillary dilatation. From these data it can be concluded that naloxone seems to have a central pharmacological action not only in opiate addicts, but also in healthy persons. This is demonstrable by studying the miotic response.

Adult↗