Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Schiller

Publications and source records attributed to R Schiller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Association between Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization and septicemia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

In an attempt to identify risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus septicemia, 136 consecutive HIV-infected patients were investigated for the presence of nasopharyngeal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and subsequent Staphylococcus aureus infection. Sixty of 136 (44.1%) HIV-infected patients had staphylococci which were detected in the nasopharynx on initial culture compared to 12 of 39 (30.8%) patients with chronic diseases and 11 of 47 (23.4%) healthy hospital staff. Another 12 HIV-infected subjects proved to be Staphylococcus aureus carriers on follow-up cultures. Patients with full-blown AIDS had a higher carriage rate compared to subjects who were only HIV-positive (p < 0.05), indicating that Staphylococcus aureus colonized patients were more severely ill. Eight patients with Staphylococcus aureus septicemia were observed, all of whom were carriers; no septicemia occurred in the non-colonized patients (p < 0.01). Colonized patients with neutropenia (< 1000/microliters) were significantly more likely to develop septicemia (p < 0.01). Nasopharyngeal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of an indwelling catheter were established to be factors that help identify patients at risk of acquiring subsequent Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Electroencephalogram investigations of the disequilibrium syndrome during bicarbonate and acetate dialysis.

Continuous long-time electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was performed during acetate and bicarbonate dialysis in 20 patients. Persisting normal basic activity of the EEG without neurological symptoms was found only during the course of bicarbonate dialysis. However, in acetate dialysis, during the decrease of arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2), we registered EEG disturbances with moderate to severe slowing, dysrhythmic activity and high voltage discharges. The decrease in PaCO2 and the deterioration in EEG activity in the patients during acetate dialysis was concomitant with severe neurological alterations, e.g. the typical symptoms of so-called 'disequilibrium' causing a cessation of dialysis in three patients.

Acetates↗
PubMed1983

[Electro-encephalographic study of the disequilibrium syndrome during bicarbonate dialysis and acetate dialysis].

Continuous long-time electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was performed during AHD and BHD in 20 patients. Persisting normal basic activity of the EEG without neurological symptoms could be found only during the course of BHD. However, in AHD, during the decrease of arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) we registered EEG disturbances with moderate to severe slowing down, dysrythmic activity and high voltage discharges. The decrease in PaCO2 and the deterioration in EEG activity in the patients during AHD was concomitant with severe neurological alterations, e.g. the typical symptoms of so-called "disequilibrium" causing a cessation of dialysis in 3 patients.

Acetates↗
PubMed1983

Team teaching in coordinated undergraduate programs.

Team teaching is mandated for coordinated undergraduate programs in dietetics. A study was undertaken to ascertain current practices in team teaching and to identify attitudes of faculty and clinical preceptors toward team teaching. Survey instruments were designed for faculty and preceptors and sent to each accredited CUP. Responses from 131 faculty members and 196 preceptors were included in the data analysis. Findings from this study indicated that there was wide variation in dietetic teaching teams, including the existence, structure, size, organization, composition, and responsibility of team members. Generally, there was agreement among faculty members and preceptors concerning their respective and shared responsibilities. However, faculty members appropriated to preceptors greater responsibility for selecting clinical experiences and for planning and attending clinical conferences. Preceptors expected faculty members to have greater responsibility for evaluating all aspects of the program, including the curriculum, learning experiences in the clinical area, and performance of other team members. Most faculty members and preceptors who participated in this study agreed with positive statements about team teaching. They recognized that the purpose of team teaching is to improve instruction, and they indicated trust in its value as a part of professional education. There appear to be subtle differences in the way team teaching is perceived and implemented by faculty members in schools of home economics and school of allied health. The findings suggest the need for further consideration of team identification, designation of team leaders, involvement of preceptors, time utilization, and student evaluation of team teaching.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1982

Advantages of bicarbonate hemodialysis.

Six patients with frequent episodes of symptomatic hypotension during acetate dialysis were treated with bicarbonate dialysis. In all patients blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial acid-base values were measured every 30 minutes during each of the five treatments with acetate dialysis and bicarbonate dialysis. Hemodynamic parameters were measured invasively in all patients during bicarbonate dialysis and in three of them also during acetate dialysis. Additionally, continuous long-time monitoring with electroencephalography was performed during acetate dialysis and bicarbonate dialysis. During acetate dialysis the patients showed a frequent onset of sudden hypotension and arrhythmia with concomitant symptoms of the so-called disequilibrium syndrome, whereas these symptoms were nonexistent in the same patients during bicarbonate dialysis.

Acetates↗
PubMed1980

Laser light scattering measurement of dextran-induced Streptococcus mutans aggregation.

Intensity fluctuation spectroscopy was used to study dextran-induced aggregation of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Smoluchowski's theory of colloidal flocculation provided a consistent model of the agglutination process. Our experiments indicated that aggregation was inhibited by the negatively charged surfaces of the cells, while dextran polymers effectively bound organisms together. Our experimental data were consistent with the quantitative predictions of a polymer bridge model of agglutination.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Size determination of Streptococcus mutans 10499 by laser light scattering.

We have performed three different optical experiments to determine the mean size of the bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans 10449, a microorganism with dimensions comparable to the wavelength of the light used in our experiments. The three optical measurements give size values which are consistent with one another and favorably comparable to the consistency we found in identical measurements on a test system of polystyrene spheres of dimensions similar to the bacteria. Homodyne time correlation and power spectrum spectroscopy both depend on the coherence and monochromaticity of laser light for the determination of the mean diffusion coefficient of the scatterers. The Stokes-Einstein equation then relates the diffusion constant to the cell size. Differential light scattering relies for the interpretation of experimental data on the classical theoretical analysis of the angular distribution of scattered light from a scattering object. The three methods yield mean values for the radius of S. mutans 10499 of 0.324 +/- 0.006 mum, 0.0325 +/- 0.007 mum, and 0.315 +/- 0.009 mum, respectively. However, since intensity correlation spectroscopy provides a direct measure of polydispersity, it would appear to be the preferred single measurement technique for size determination.

Lasers↗
PubMed1979

Auditing dietetic services.

In this last article of a four-part series on auditing dietetic services, the authors present a detailed description of a quality assurance program for dietetic services.

Diet Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Auditing dietetic services (second of a series).

In this second article of a four-part series on auditing dietetic services, the authors focus on a monodisciplinary nutritional care audit. After defining the purpose of such an audit, a step-by-step description is given of how the audit should be carried out from developing standards and criteria to conducting a review audit to measure improvement.

Diet Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Auditing dietetic services: first of a series.

Dietetic audits may be used to assess quality of care or to evaluate the efficiency of a food service. Problems can be clearly identified through an audit, and solutions can be found to improve service and nutritional care. An audit also provides a basis for dietitian accountability. In this first of a series of four articles on dietetic audits, the authors describe the basic auditing process.

Dietary Services↗
PubMed1979

Hemodynamic studies in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the acute hemodynamic effects in ten patients from this clinic's long-term peritoneal dialysis program. With a Swan-Ganz catheter, the following parameters were measured in each patient during peritoneal dialysis: cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, inferior vena cava pressure, heart rate and arterial pressure. Mean predialysis cardiac index, stroke volume index and heart rate were normal. Predialysis pulmonary artery pressure and arterial pressure were slightly elevated. Mean weight loss during peritoneal dialysis was 1.6 kg. The most striking post-dialysis changes were a significant 20% decrease of the cardiac index and a 17% decrease of the pulmonary artery pressure. Heart rate and arterial pressure remained constant due to a 25% increase of total peripheral resistance. After filling the abdomen with one, two and three liters of dialysate, intra-abdominal pressure and inferior vena cava pressure increased up to 150 and 100%, respectively, whereas central hemodynamic parameters (pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume index, heart rate and arterial pressure) were unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A model for traveling bands of chemotactic bacteria.

A theoretical model is used to study band formation by chemotactic populations of Escherichia coli. The model includes the bacterial response to attractant gradients, the chemotactic sensitivity of the bacteria to the concentration of the attractant, and population growth. For certain values of the parameters in the model, traveling bands of bacteria form and propagate with or without growth. Under specific growth conditions the band profile is maintained and the band propagates at constant speed. These predictions are in general agreement with the experiment results of J. Adler and earlier theoretical work by L. Segel and his collaborators. However, our theory differs in several important respects from the latter efforts. Suggestions are made for further experiments to test the proposed model and to clarify the nature of the processes which lead to band formation.

Chemotaxis↗