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Biomedical subjects

R Salonen

Publications and source records attributed to R Salonen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Blood pressure, dietary fats, and antioxidants.

We investigated the association of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants with blood pressure in 722 eastern Finnish men aged 54 y, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in 1984-86. Men with self-reported hypertension or cerebrovascular disease or under antihypertensive medication were excluded. Allowing for the major anthropometric, dietary, medical, and psychological determinants of blood pressure in multivariate regression analyses, both plasma ascorbic acid (p = 0.0008) and serum selenium (p = 0.0017) concentrations had a moderate, independent inverse association, estimated dietary intake of saturated fatty acids had a positive association (p = 0.013), and estimated dietary intake of linolenic acid had an inverse (p = 0.048) association with the mean resting blood pressure. The marked elevation of blood pressure at the lowest levels of plasma ascorbic acid and serum Se concentrations supports the hypothesis that antioxidants play a role in the etiology of hypertension.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1988

Measles virus strain-dependent variation in outcome of infection of human blood mononuclear cells.

Eight measles virus strains including four subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) isolates were compared on the basis of their growth characteristics in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and effect on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. The Edmonston strain virus and some other strains of measles virus replicated in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes and released high titres of infectious virus into the culture medium. Inhibition of DNA synthesis was relatively low at the beginning of lymphocyte proliferation and could be detected only at high multiplicity of infection. Three to 4 days after initiation of proliferation a strong inhibition was seen also in cultures infected with low doses of virus, and was apparently related to the production of high titres of new infectious virus. Some virus strains originally isolated from SSPE patients produced only a small amount of infectious virus in lymphocytes at 37 degrees C but had a very strong inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation leading to early cell death. The inhibitory effect was found over a wide range of virus concentrations, but was strictly dose-dependent and no increase in inhibition with low multiplicities of infection could be seen with longer culture times. The amount of interferon induced by different strains varied from 400 to 6400 international units/ml but the amount of interferon produced in the cultures did not correlate with the inhibitory effect on proliferation or with the amount of released new infectious virus. The Hallé measles strain, originally isolated from an SSPE patient, differed most from the Edmonston strain in its characteristics, and was studied in greater detail. Although only a small amount of infectious virus was produced, the Hallé strain had a very strong inhibiting effect on the proliferation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, and extensive syncytium formation was seen leading to cell death within 3 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Lisinopril: dose-peak effect relationship in essential hypertension.

1. The dose-peak effect relationship of lisinopril was evaluated in a double-blind, parallel study in 83 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure = 95-115 mm Hg). 2. After a 4 week placebo washout, patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: lisinopril 2.5, 10, 20 or 80 mg day-1 for 1 week. 3. Lisinopril 10 and 20 mg day-1 produced similar peak antihypertensive effects which were greater than that produced by 2.5 mg day-1, but less than that of 80 mg day-1. If the incidence of first-dose symptomatic hypotension is related to the peak effect, then an initial lisinopril dose of 20 mg should not pose any greater risk than a 10 mg dose. 4. The magnitude of antihypertensive response at 24 h postdrug appeared to be dose related across the 2.5 to 80 mg day-1 range.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Measles virus infection of unstimulated blood mononuclear cells in vitro: antigen expression and virus production preferentially in monocytes.

Synthesis of measles virus antigens occurred only in a small percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected in vitro with measles virus without mitogenic stimulation. The infection cycle was restricted as only low amounts of infectious virus were released but all the major structural viral proteins were present as shown by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. Cells with viral antigen synthesis were characterized by double labelling and by infecting selectively depleted subpopulations. In 3-day cultures, up to 80% of the cells with measles virus antigen were shown to be monocytes by specific staining with anti-MMA and anti-Leu M3 monoclonal antibodies and up to 40% of the monocytes were infected. Less than 10% of the cells expressing virus antigens carried the lymphocyte marker OKT3, the majority of these cells belonging to the Leu3a (helper) population. Anti-alpha-interferon treatment increased the number of measles-positive cells and the release of infectious virus in preparations enriched for monocytes, but had no significant effect on infection of lymphocytes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on platelet aggregability and platelet produced thromboxane.

We investigated the sustained effect of 12-week supplementation of 2.880 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregability, platelet produced thromboxane B2 concentration and serum fatty acid composition in a double-blind controlled trial in 44 healthy mildly overweight eastern Finnish men recruited from a representative population sample. The supplementation was discontinued seven days before the biochemical measurements. Body weight, alcohol consumption and dietary composition remained constant during the study. Even though the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3) in total serum lipids increased by 37% (p less than 0.01) and that of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 omega 6) decreased by 18% (p less than 0.01) more in the omega-3 supplemented than placebo group during supplementation, there were no significant differences in the changes in either the ADP induced platelet aggregation or in vitro platelet produced thromboxane B2 concentration between the groups. These data suggest that omega-3 fatty acids have no detectable sustained effect either on ADP induced platelet aggregation or on thromboxane produced by the platelets in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interdependence of associations of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol and coffee consumption with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol--a population study in eastern Finland.

The interdependence of the associations of physical activity, smoking, and consumption of alcohol and coffee with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations was studied in 9,347 persons ages 25-64 years from east and southwest Finland. In covariance analyses with corrections for age, body mass index, saturated fat index, and fasting time, the mean adjusted serum high-density lipoprotein to non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was high among physically active male non-smokers but not among smokers (P = 0.024 for two-way interaction). The cholesterol ratio was lower among both men (P = 0.010 for two-way interaction) and women (P = 0.030 for two-way interaction) reporting no or very little use of alcohol, and this association was stronger among smokers and women with high coffee consumption (P less than 0.001 for two-way interaction). Our data suggest that the elevating effect of regular physical exercise on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be absent in smokers, whereas that of alcohol is greater in smokers than nonsmokers. High coffee consumption associates with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in smokers but increased levels in non-smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Vitamin C deficiency and low linolenate intake associated with elevated blood pressure: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

We investigated the association of dietary fatty acids and plasma antioxidative vitamins with blood pressure in 722 eastern Finnish men aged 54 years, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in 1984-1986, who had no known hypertension nor any cerebrovascular disease. Allowing for the major anthropometric, dietary, medical and psychological determinants of blood pressure in a multivariate regression analysis, plasma ascorbic acid concentration had a moderate, independent inverse association (P less than 0.0001) and the estimated dietary intake of linolenic acid an inverse (P = 0.026) independent association with mean resting blood pressure. The marked elevation of blood pressure at the lowest levels of plasma vitamin C concentration supports the hypothesis of the role of antioxidants in the aetiology of hypertension.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Effects of bevantolol and atenolol on symptoms, exercise tolerance and metabolic risk factors in angina pectoris.

To assess the effects of bevantolol on stable angina pectoris of effort and its impact on metabolic risk factors, a comparison study of this beta 1-blocking agent and atenolol was undertaken in 40 subjects (mean age 51 years). After a 4-week, single-blind, placebo washout period, 12 men and 8 women were randomized to receive 150 mg of bevantolol twice daily and 12 men and 8 women to treatment with 100 mg of atenolol once daily in a parallel, double-blind, 12-week treatment phase. Patients were assessed at weeks 2, 6 and 12 after bicycle exercise until angina or ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 0.15 mV appeared. Concentrations of cholesterol lipoproteins and 3 prostaglandin metabolites were determined. One patient receiving bevantolol was withdrawn from the study because of insufficient efficacy and 2 receiving atenolol were withdrawn because of side effects. After 2 weeks of therapy, significant decreases were seen in both groups in the number of angina attacks, mean sitting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean maximum heart rate during exercise and mean double-product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate at the end of exercise. There was a trend toward significance in the increase of mean duration of exercise and total work performed with both agents, although these values were not statistically significant. Both high density lipoproteins and the ratio of high density lipoproteins to low density lipoproteins increased in the bevantolol group and decreased in the atenolol group. These changes were statistically significant at week 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Immune functions in healthy blood donors with HLA-DW2 and -DW3 antigens.

We compared healthy blood donors with and without HLA-Dw2 and -Dw3 in immunity assays, the results of which have been found to be abnormal in multiple sclerosis or autoimmune diseases. Tests included lymphocyte blast transformation responses to rubella, mumps and purified tuberculin (PPD), in vitro production of IgG and interferons, natural killer (NK) cell function and measurement of serum antibodies to measles, rubella, mumps and herpes simplex viruses. HLA-Dw2-positive subjects had a lower lymphocyte blast transformation response to rubella virus antigen and a lower NK cell function compared with HLA-Dw2-negative subjects. The presence of HLA-Dw3 was associated with an increased spontaneous and mumps virus-induced immunoglobulin production. No significant differences were found in other assays. These results support the existence of HLA-Dw2- and Dw3-associated deviation of immune responsiveness, which may contribute to the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis or other autoimmune type diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of platelet aggregability by moderate-intensity physical exercise: a randomized clinical trial in overweight men.

It has been postulated that platelet function plays an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Currently there are no definitive data on the longer-term effects of regular physical exercise on platelet function in humans. We assessed the influence of regular moderate-intensity physical exercise (brisk walking to slow jogging) on platelet aggregation in a population-based sample of middle-aged, overweight, mildly hypertensive men in eastern Finland. In this controlled study, we evaluated the net effect of exercise on platelet aggregation by studying changes in optical density and ATP release in platelet-rich plasma. A significant inhibition of secondary platelet aggregation from 27% to 36% was observed in the men taking regular exercise. These findings give new insight into the possible protective effects of exercise against the risk of ischemic heart disease.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Serum fatty acids, apolipoproteins, selenium and vitamin antioxidants and the risk of death from coronary artery disease.

The independent association of serum concentrations of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, apolipoproteins AI and B, selenium and vitamins A and E with the risk of death from coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied in 92 persons with no previous myocardial infarction, who died from CAD during a 5-year follow-up, and their 92 1-to-1 matched controls. Case-control pairs came from a randomly drawn population sample of approximately 12,000 persons aged 30 to 64 years from 2 provinces of eastern Finland, an area with exceptionally high CAD mortality. Control subjects were matched for sex, age, serum cholesterol, mean arterial pressure, tobacco consumption and history of cardiovascular diseases. The persons who died of CAD had lower serum esterified arachidonic acid concentrations before follow-up than the control subjects (41 vs 48 mg/liter, p = 0.05), and this difference was greater for pairs with no chest pain on effort (36 vs 50 mg/liter, p less than 0.05). The adjusted risk of CAD death in persons with a serum polyunsaturated to saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio of 0.28 or less (in the lowest tertile) was 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 8.2) compared with those with higher serum P/s ratios in a multivariate logistic model and 5.6-fold (95% CI 1.6 to 19.8) for pairs with no chest pain on effort. A low serum apolipoprotein AI concentration (1.25 g/liter or less, in the lowest tertile) was associated with a 2.5-fold (95% CI 1.1 to 5.7) adjusted risk of CAD death among the chest pain-free persons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: matched case-control analysis of prospective data.

The independent and joint associations of serum selenium and vitamin A (retinol) and E (alpha tocopherol) concentrations with the risk of death from cancer were studied in 51 case-control pairs--that is, 51 patients with cancer, each paired with a control matched for age, sex, and smoking. Case-control pairs came from a random sample of some 12000 people aged 30-64 years resident in two provinces of eastern Finland who were followed up for four years. Patients who died of cancer during the follow up period had a 12% lower mean serum selenium concentration (p = 0.015) than the controls. The difference persisted when deaths from cancer in the first follow up year were excluded. The adjusted risk of fatal cancer was 5.8-fold (95% confidence interval 1.2-29.0) among subjects in the lowest tertile of selenium concentrations compared with those with higher values. Subjects with both low selenium and low alpha tocopherol concentrations in serum had an 11.4-fold adjusted risk. Among smoking men with cancer serum retinol concentrations were 26% lower than in smoking controls (p = 0.002). These data suggest that dietary selenium deficiency is associated with an increased risk of fatal cancer, that low vitamin E intake may enhance this effect, and that decreased vitamin or provitamin A intake contributes to the risk of lung cancer among smoking men with a low selenium intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Visceral anomalies in the Meckel syndrome.

The visceral abnormalities of 32 autopsied Meckel's syndrome cases were analysed macroscopically and histologically in order to observe the distribution and spectrum of internal abnormalities in this hereditary malformation syndrome. All cases showed the classical triad of central nervous system anomaly, postaxial polydactyly, and cystic kidneys. Five cases were midterm fetuses and 27 cases were perinatal deaths. The kidneys were grossly enlarged in almost all of the cases (29) and showed a uniform histological pattern of fibrocystic proliferation, which is considered characteristic of MS. Fibrosis and proliferation of the bile ducts in the hepatic portal tracts were found in each case. Severe hypoplasia of the male genitalia associated with cryptorchidism was the third consistent anomaly. Derivatives of the müllerian ducts were present in four males, and the initial sex determination of the male infants was sometimes difficult. Epididymal cysts (39%) and ductal dilatation as well as fibrosis of the pancreas (31%) were further common anomalies. This series showed that a number of gross and microscopic abnormalities are consistently present in MS and that histological investigation is invaluable in defining the syndrome in doubtful cases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

The Meckel syndrome: clinicopathological findings in 67 patients.

A nationwide study on the Meckel syndrome (MS) was carried out covering retrospectively the years 1970-1979 and prospectively the years 1980-1981. Sixty-seven cases from 48 Finnish families were found. The clinical and pathological findings were studied. Cystic dysplasia of the kidneys was present in all the cases where sufficient information was available. In all 41 cases with specimens available from the liver, a typical fibrotic change with proliferation and dilatation of the bile ducts was found. This series and a review of the literature give convincing evidence that cystic dysplasia of the kidneys with fibrosis of the liver is a constant finding in the "true" Meckel syndrome. In conclusion, it is proposed that cystic dysplasia of the kidneys with fibrotic changes of the liver and occipital encephalocele or some other central nervous system malformation are considered as minimal diagnostic criteria of MS. Thus, a histologic investigation of the kidneys and liver is essential in diagnosing MS in doubtful cases. Heterozygote manifestations were not found.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

The Meckel syndrome in Finland: epidemiologic and genetic aspects.

Estimates of the incidence of the Meckel syndrome (MS) from different parts of the world vary from 1:140,000 to 1:13,250 births. In this nationwide study performed in Finland, the incidence of 1:14,400 births was found by retrospective ascertainment during the period 1970-1979, while the incidence was 1:8,500 births when prospective monitoring was performed in 1980-1981. The most probable incidence in Finland is about 1:9,000 births. Autosomal recessive inheritance of MS is confirmed in this study. The ratio of affected sibs, corrected for truncate complete ascertainment, was 0.261. No consanguinity between parents was found, as marriages between close relatives are rare in Finland and the ancestors were not traced back far enough to find remote consanguinities.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma production capacity of idiopathic isolated optic neuritis patients.

Interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma production by idiopathic isolated optic neuritis (ON) patients was studied. The production capacity was compared with that in two control groups: patients with iritis and healthy control subjects. A sensitive and reliable interferon bioassay was applied for interferon level measurements. Statistically significant differences were not found between patients and control groups in either interferon-alpha production or interferon-gamma production.

Adult↗