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Biomedical subjects

R Saito

Publications and source records attributed to R Saito.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of prognostic factors in transcatheter management.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of transcatheter management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective trial of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was performed in patients with unresectable HCC. Three hundred twenty-two patients (265 men, 57 women; age range, 30-83 years) underwent TAE alone: 60 patients underwent TAE with gelatin sponge (GS) that contained anticancer agents (protocol 1); 78, TAE with GS and iodized oil mixed with anticancer agents (protocol 2); and 159, TAE with iodized oil with anticancer agents (protocol 3). A Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze prognostic factors. RESULTS: In the randomized group (n = 272), survival rates for protocols 1, 2, and 3 were 80.4%, 86.3%, and 65.9%, respectively, at 1 year. Findings of analysis of prognostic factors showed that extrahepatic metastases, ascites, tumor extension, and icterus were the important factors. CONCLUSION: TAE with GS was superior to TAE without GS. Patient characteristics were important factors for survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bone resorption in human cholesteatoma: morphological study with scanning electron microscopy.

The detailed mechanism of bone resorption in cholesteatoma was investigated by means of eroded ossicles obtained during middle ear surgery for cholesteatoma. In the light microscopic study, multinucleate osteoclasts with ruffled borders were found in contact with the eroded bone, which appeared to be osteoclastic lacunae. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the lacunae to be many absorption bays, 30 to 100 microns in diameter, clustered on the surface of eroded areas. Numerous cone-shaped stubs of digested collagen fiber bundles, consisting of scores of collagen fibrils and degenerated extracellular organic substances, were visible at higher magnification on the bottom of the absorption bay. The pattern of fusion and twining of the disarranged collagen fibrils at the top of the partly digested fiber bundles was clearly rendered by the alkali-water maceration method for scanning electron microscopy. We infer from the morphological evidence that osteoclastic resorption may be one of the major mechanisms of bone destruction in cholesteatoma, and that demineralization and degeneration of extracellular organic substances precede disruption of collagen fibrils at the front of bone resorption.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical treatment of metastatic lung tumor from colorectal cancer].

We have experienced thirty-one operations of metastatic lung tumors from colorectal cancer. Various factors affecting prognosis are studied based on 5-year survival in this report. Overall 5-year survival rate was 32%. Statistical significance was present in the relationship between the prognosis and both maximum diameter of lesions and the disease free intervals (DFI) after surgery for metastatic lesions. Though not significant, sex, stage of primary lesion, nodal involvement, surgical procedure, postoperative serum CEA were likely affecting factors on the prognosis. In contrast, there were no relationship between the prognosis and following factors: age, location of the metastatic lesion, DFI after the operation for primary lesion and chemotherapy. Although pulmonary metastasis is essentially an index of the advanced state of malignant diseases leading to poor prognosis, long-term survivors were encountered in our series of surgical treatments for pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancers. It was concluded to be important to make efforts to extend the indication for surgical treatment, since the appropriate selection of patients revealed to give excellent results from our experience of colorectal cancer. In order to improve the prognosis, early detection of pulmonary metastases is quite important, since the incidence of nodal involvement proved to be higher in lesions with larger diameter resulting in inferior survivals from the present study. In addition, low incidence of nodal involvement in small-sized lesion may support possible applicability of thoracoscopic surgery in the excision of metastatic tumors locating at peripheral lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Retrospective study of sputum culture after esophagectomy].

We retrospectively investigated the sputum cultures of patients who underwent esophagectomy (n = 104) from just after operation to 11 postoperative days and evaluated the factors which influenced the cultures. We divided the 0-11 postoperative days into three periods (0-3 postoperative days (p.o.d.), 4-7 p.o.d., 8-11 p.o.d.). The sputum cultures were positive at a rate of 56.7% to 65.4% of patients during the period of observation (0-11 p.o.d.). Gram-negative bacillus was mostly detected. MRSA increased time-dependently. Diabetes mellitus, preoperative irradiation recurrent nerve palsy did not influence the positive rate of the sputum cultures. The positive rate of gram-negative bacillus and gram gram-positive coccus in the sputum of the patients who were given sefem-first generation antibiotics was lower than of patients who were given sefem-second generation antibiotics at 8-11 p.o.d. (p < 0.05). The positive rate of gram-negative bacillus in the sputum of patients who underwent esophagectomy with laryngectomy for cervical esophageal cancer was lower than that of patients who underwent esophagectomy without laryngectomy for thoracic or abdominal esophageal cancer at 4-7 p.o.d. (p < 0.05). The positive rate of gram-negative bacillus in the sputum of patients who underwent intraoperative tracheostomy was lower than that of patients who did not undergo intraoperative tracheostomy at 4-11 p.o.d. No patients had pneumonia during the period of observation except for the secondary lung complications. In conclusion, although we have done a good job of management, we should select the appropriate antibiotics with the patient's background in mind.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[A case of middle ureteral tumor treated by end-to-end anastomosis following resection of 6.7 cm segment].

A 71-year-old male with a right ureteral tumor in the midportion and contracted kidney of the opposite side, due to complete vesicoureteral reflux, underwent end-to-end anastomosis after partial ureterectomy 6.7 cm in length. Our experience in this case led us to conclude that end-to-end anastomosis of the upper or mid-portion of the ureter was possible for the maximal 7.0 cm length of the ureteral loss, when the kidney could be fixed downward as much as possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[A case of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis diagnosed by open lung biopsy].

A 59-year-old man had an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film. He was admitted to Tohoku-chuou Hospital, and a lung lesion in the right lower lobe was diagnosed as a benign nodule. A new nodular lesion appeared on a chest X-ray film taken two months after his discharge from the hospital. Both lesions were in the same lobe; the older one was in segment 9 and the newer one was in segment 10. For the lesion in segment 10, malignancy was not ruled out, so open lung biopsy (right lower lobectomy) was done. With the findings of angitis and focal necrosis surrounded by granulomas consisting of epthelioid cells and multinuclear giant cells, the new lesion in segment 10 was diagnosed as necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis. The older lesion in segment 9 was a tuberculoma. We conclude that in this case the open lung biopsy was necessary to diagnose necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis in lung.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

[Early phase II study of oral administration of etoposide for 21 consecutive days in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer].

An early phase II clinical study was done to investigate the activity and the safety of oral administration of etoposide for 21 consecutive days in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. An interim analysis was done after registration of 24 cases. One case was a dropout because of an insufficient administration period (4 days). The other 23 cases were complete: they comprised 9 cases of adenocarcinoma, 13 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case of large cell carcinoma. Prior therapy had not been given in two cases. The doses used were 50 mg/person/day in 12 cases and 75 mg/person/day in 11 cases. The response observed was one case of at 50 mg/person/day to stage IV squamous cell carcinoma, 17 cases were no change, 5 cases were progressing disease, and giving a response rate of 4.3% in complete cases. Considering those results, we decided that it would be difficult to achieve a 20% response rate by the end of this study, and therefore the study was terminated. The side effects of the regimen were tolerable. In conclusion, etoposide was not active against non-small-cell lung cancer at the dosage and schedule employed. Further investigation is required to obtain a more effective form of therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Evidence for the existence of vasopressin V2 receptor mRNA in rat hippocampus.

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in the septum and hippocampus are thought to be involved in memory and learning, and their receptors have been classified into three subtypes, V1a, V1b and V2. In this study, we tested for AVP V1a- and V2-receptor mRNAs in the hippocampus of adult rats by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. PCR product of the V2 receptor mRNA was detected in the hippocampus, but that of V1a receptor mRNA was not. This is the first demonstration of the existence of the V2 receptor mRNA in the hippocampus.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Vasopressin V1 receptor in rat hippocampus is regulated by adrenocortical functions.

Two subtypes of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors (V1 and V2) have been distinguished. In this study, we examined the characteristics of AVP binding in rat hippocampus and the effects of bilateral adrenalectomy and adrenal steroids on its [3H]AVP binding. [3H]AVP binding to rat liver and the hippocampal membranes was strongly inhibited by the V1 antagonist, OPC-21268. ADX resulted in a significant decrease in the Bmax of AVP binding in the hippocampus. Chronic treatment with aldosterone and corticosterone restored the ADX-induced reduction, but treatment with dexamethasone did not. These results suggest that the AVP V1 receptor in the hippocampus is regulated by adrenocortical neuroregulatory functions.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1994

Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity.

We report a case of amelanotic melanoma arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, that could not be positively diagnosed as malignant melanoma before the patient's death in spite of repeated biopsies both from primary and metastatic lesions, including ultrastructural examination and immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein with usual polyclonal antibody. The patient died of rapid wide-spread dissemination of the tumor. In autopsy specimens, melanin pigment was detected, for the first time, by the Fontana's silver stain. The posthumous diagnosis of malignant melanoma was immunohistochemically confirmed for the specific antibodies, anti alpha-subunit of S-100 protein antibody and SK-46 (original antibody for melanoma made at the Department of Pathology, University of Gunma School of Medicine) from specimens obtained while alive. The application of a specific antibody for S-100 protein is recommended as useful for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma even when routine immunohistochemical procedures fail to demonstrate S-100 protein.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Dynamic penumbra demonstrated by sequential multitracer PET after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.

Experimental models of focal cerebral ischemia have provided important data on early circulatory and biochemical changes, but typically their correspondence with metabolic and hemodynamic findings in stroke patients has been poor. To fill the gap between experimental studies at early time points and rather late clinical studies, we repeatedly measured CBF, CMRO2, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and CMRglc in six cats before and up to 24 h after permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO), using the 15O steady state and [18F]fluorodeoxy-glucose methods and a high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. Likewise, three sham-operated control cats were studied during the same period. Final infarct size was determined on serial histologic sections. In the areas of final glucose metabolic depression that were slightly larger than the histologic infarcts, mean CBF dropped to approximately 40% of control values immediately on arterial occlusion. If further decreased to < 20% during the course of the experiment. This progressive ischemia was most conspicuous in border zones. CMRO2 fell to a lesser degree (55%), eventually reaching approximately 25% of its control level. At early stages, OEF increased mainly in the center of ischemia. With time, areas of increased OEF moved from the center to the periphery of the MCA territory. Concurrently, progressive secondary decreases in OEF in conjunction with further reductions of CBF and CMRO2 indicated the development of central necrosis. The findings are highly suggestive of a dynamic penumbra. In five cats with complete MCA infarcts, CBF decreased and OEF increased in the contralateral hemisphere after 24 h, suggesting whole-brain damage. This effect may be explained by the widespread brain edema found histologically in addition to the nonspecific CBF reductions and OEF elevations observed also in the sham-operated controls after 1 day in the experimental condition. In one cat, cortical OEF increased only transiently. Normal CMRO2 and CMRglc were eventually restored, and the final infarct was small. This study demonstrates that acute regional pathophysiologic changes can be repeatedly assessed by multivariate PET in cats. Viable tissue can be detected up to several hours after MCA occlusion, and the transition of misery-perfused regions into necrosis or preserved tissue can be followed over time. The present results support the concept of a dynamic penumbra, in which for up to 24 h tissue damage spreads progressively from the center to the periphery of ischemia. Sequential high-resolution PET provides insight into the dynamics of regional pathophysiology and may thus further the development of rational therapeutic strategies.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

On the role of compensatory mitogenesis in the hepatocarcinogenicity of choline and multiple-lipotrope devoid diets.

Female F-344 rats, in contrast to male rats of the same strain, are largely resistant to the hepatonecrogenic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of a diet devoid of choline and restricted in methionine (CD diet). A study was performed to determine whether the resistance would be overcome by feeding a diet devoid not only of choline, but also of methionine, vitamin B12 and folic acid (MGD diet). Three experiments were performed, to compare the degrees of steatosis and cell death and proliferation, and the onset of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, in the liver of female F-344 rats fed either the CD or the MGD diet. Limited responses were again observed in rats fed the CD diet. On the other hand, feeding the MGD diet resulted in degrees of steatosis and of compensatory mitogenesis comparable to those previously found to occur in male F-344 rats fed the CD diet. It resulted also in the development of a marked cirrhosis, of neoplastic nodules and of hepatocellular carcinomas. The results indicate that in female F-344 rats overall availability of methyl groups may be more critical than the dietary supply of choline in determining the severity and spectrum of hepatopathology. They emphasize also the importance of compensatory mitogenesis in the induction of neoplastic lesions by methyl-group deficient or devoid diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hair fibrous protein compositions in some hereditary hair abnormalities determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

S-carboxymethylated (SCM) fibrous proteins (FPs) from the scalp hairs of the three different hereditary hair abnormalities (trichorrhexis invaginata in Netherton's syndrome, pili trianguli et canaliculi in uncombable hair syndrome, and fine hair in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the SCM FP compositions of the three hair abnormalities with that of the normal revealed that the SCM FP compositions of these three abnormal hairs were all electrophoretically different from each other and that of the normal.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Cutaneous vasculitis].

Cutaneous vasculitis is classified into the vasculitis of which vascular lesions are confined to the skin tissues and the vasculitis of which cutaneous lesions are one aspect of systemic vasculitis. The symptoms vary depending on the size of the affected blood vessel, degree of inflammation and its course and include urticarial erythema, palpable purpura, livedo sign, papule, bulla, nodule and ulceration. In this article, several clinical and histopathological findings of cutaneous vasculitis such as urticarial vasculitis, vasculitis allergica cutis, polyarteritis nodosa cutanea are described.

Humans↗