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Biomedical subjects

R S Windsor

Publications and source records attributed to R S Windsor.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of parasitic infestation on the productivity of alpacas (Lama pacos).

A trial was carried out in alpacas (Lama pacos) to determine the economic benefit of controlling both external and internal parasites using ivermectin (Ivomec, Merck, Sharpe and Dohme). After four months the treated male alpacas had gained on average 3.1 kg more than the untreated males and their fleece weighed 0.36 kg more. Treated females gained 1.9 kg more than the controls but their fleece weighed 0.03 kg less. This resulted in a net financial benefit to the farmer of US$3.54 for each male alpaca and US$1.36 for each female.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1991

Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola: a causal agent of sow abortions in Arequipa, Peru.

An outbreak of abortions, stillbirths, mummified piglets and neonatal deaths in a pig herd in Arequipa, Peru is described. A total of 31 of 240 sows aborted between May and September 1988. When sera were examined 12 of 14 had very high titres of antibody to canicola PC125 and canicola Hond Utrecht, but there were also high titres of antibody to other leptospiral serovars. A detailed investigation was made and serovar canicola PC125 was isolated from the urine of four sows which had aborted and the kidney of one slaughter pig. Antibodies to various serovars of Leptospira were demonstrated in 11 of 17 sows which had aborted, two of six sows which had normal litters, nine of 18 boars, four of 39 slaughter pigs and four of 14 workers on the farm. The outbreak was brought under control by treatment and vaccination coupled with a thorough cleaning of the farm and control of the wild animal population. It is suggested that the infection was brought onto the farm by wild animals and that the disease is more common in Arequipa than was previously supposed.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1990

Vaginal probes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Avian tuberculosis in pigs: Mycobacterium intracellulare infection in a breeding herd.

Lymphadenitis of pigs caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare is widely recognised in continental Europe but this is the first report of it in England. No disease was seen on the farm but condemnations of tissues and organs at the slaughterhouse were often than 100 a week and in one week were in excess of 200. The loss was greater to the slaughterhouse than to the farmer because of the constant disruption to the production line. There was no evidence that diseased pigs performed less well than healthy pigs. M intracellulare types 4 and 6 and M xenopi were isolated from diseased pigs. The source of the infection was traced to the sawdust bedding supplied by a local sawmill set in the middle of a forest. Changing the bedding to straw halted the outbreak. From the sawdust M avium types 1 and 4, M fortuitum and M intracellulare type 4 were isolated. The wildlife round the sawmill was investigated as a source of infection. Although M intracellulare type 4 and M avium were isolated from moles and a hedgehog, it was concluded that the wildlife was not involved. There was no evidence of pig to pig transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Avian tuberculosis in pigs: miliary lesions in bacon pigs.

An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium type 2 is described which resulted in the total condemnation of 26 carcasses and partial condemnation of tissues and organs of a further 200 animals. Circumstantial evidence is presented that hens running in the farmyard were the source of the infection. Examinations of the carcasses and organs of the diseased pigs suggested that the accepted pathogenesis of the disease is incorrect and a new hypothesis is presented. The problems for the meat inspector in differentiating tuberculosis from 'milk-spot liver' are discussed and recommendations made. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of 'The Meat Inspection Regulations 1963' and it is recommended that where tuberculosis is suspected there is no longer any necessity to split the carcasses. The public health implications of this study are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Gastric impaction in captive crocodiles (Crocodilus niloticus).

Five crocodiles kept in captivity for more than 4 years died within a period of 4 days. A post mortem examination of one showed that it had died from gastric impaction which had resulted from the feeding of guinea pigs. It was thought that the high ratio of hair to flesh in guinea pigs together with daily feeding cause the impaction.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1981

Investigation into the spread of swine dysentery in 25 herds of East Anglia and assessment of its economic significance in five herds.

Of 25 outbreaks of swine dysentery investigated, 22 were considered to have resulted from the purchase of pigs from farms known to be infected, two from the introduction of Treponema hyodysenteriae on the boots of the stockman, and one from the accidental entry of infected pigs into a 'closed' herd. The hidden costs of swine dysentery in terms of an increased food conversion ratio may be more than four times the cost of medication. A method of halting the spread of disease is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Streptococcal meningitis in pigs: results of a five-year survey.

Information about new outbreaks of streptococcal meningitis in pigs has been collected since the disease was first recognised in the United Kingdom in late 1973. The apparent spread of the disease across the country is illustrated. Factors affecting the age distribution of the disease and the dissemination of the infection are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Suspected acute myopathy of pigs.

Following sudden exposure to extreme cold, a group of 15-week-old pigs exhibited strange nervous signs which included arching the back, a high stepping gait, violent tremors of the whole body and screaming. The animals lowered themselves and once sitting, the tremors and screaming stopped. But if forced to rise, these signs recurred. When the pigs returned to a warmer environment, they rapidly recovered. An acute clinical myopathy caused by a marginal vitamin E deficiency was suspected. Other stress-induced factors, such as circulatory collapse caused by movement from a warm to a cold environment, were also thought to have contributed towards the myopathy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

An investigation into the viability of broth cultures of the T1 strain of Mycoplasma mycoides sub-species mycoides.

The T1 broth vaccine against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia can only be stored for four weeks at +4 degrees C because after that time the titre of Mycoplasma mycoides sub-species mycoides falls below the minimal vaccinating dose. An investigation into the death of these organisms during the stationary growth phase was made. The culture medium in which the vaccine was prepared was found to contain adequate nutrients. Control of the pH by the addition of KOH was shown to preserve the viability of the organism: there was no drop in titre during 336 h (14 days) at 37 degrees C. Use of this technique may prove valuable as a means of preserving the viability of T1 broth vaccine.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1978

Some evidence of an age susceptibility to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.

In two separate experiments it was shown that cattle over three years of age were more resistant to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) than younger animals. A statistical analysis of the results of one of the trials indicated that the difference in the response to challenge between calves less than one year old and animals between two and three years old was not significant. However, when these two groups were compared with animals over three years old the results were highly significant (P less than 0.001). When death was used as the sole criterion of response to challenge a similar picture was seen: nine 14 calves died, four of 15 animals aged between one and two years died, five of 11 animals aged between two and three years died, none of 16 animals aged over three years died. No attempt is made to explain this increase in resistance with increasing age. It is suggested that a better knowledge of the factors that influence resistance and susceptibility would be of value in understanding the pathogenesis of CBPP. It is recommended that to ensure maximum susceptibility of control animals in vaccine trials, all animals used should be less than three years old.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Investigations into the role of carrier animals in the spread of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.

An attempt was made to transmit contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) from 22 animals recovered from artificial infection to healthy animals. Despite close contact and the imposition of a number of stresses no disease was transmitted. An unsuccessful attempt was made to reactivate old CBPP lesions by corticosteroid treatment, and by splenectomy. Four animals recovered from artificial infection did not become reinfected when put in contact with acute disease. Seven animals were reinoculated with Mycoplasmamycoides sub-species mycoides by endobronchial intubation. No clinical disease resulted. It is concluded that sequestra do not break down easily and that it is difficult to reinfect recovered animals. It is suggested that in field outbreaks of obscure origin, investigation should be thorough before it is concluded that an animal with an old sequestrum was responsible.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Indirect infection of cattle with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.

Hay infected with Mycoplasma mycoides sub-species mycoides (M mycoides) was fed to six animals on three occasions. Five animals developed complement-fixing antibody in their sera and gave a positive reaction to the comparative intradermal allergic test. No animal died from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) but when they were killed, three had unequivocal lesions of the disease. M mycoides was isolated from the animals with these lesions but not from the others. CBPP was transmitted to two animals put in contact with those animals showing disease, and M mycoides was recovered from lesions in both animals. It is suggested that when unexplained outbreaks of CBPP occur, the possibility of indirect transmission should be considered.

Animal Diseases↗