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Biomedical subjects

R S Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to R S Pedersen.

64 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Thallium intoxication treated with long-term hemodialysis, forced diuresis and Prussian blue.

A 56-year-old woman, who ingested 2 g of thallium sulfate, was successfully treated with long-term hemodialysis for 200 hours during ten days, combined with forced diuresis and Prussian blue. The effect of the artificial kidney dialysis was determined by repeated analysis of the thallium concentration in the dialysis bath and in blood samples. During the first 120 hours of hemodialysis, 143 mg of thallium was eliminated via the artificial kidney and 110 mg via the urinary tract. The present case of acute thallium intoxication is the first in which long-term hemodialysis has been used in the acute phase together with forced diuresis and Prussian blue. The data obtained are compared to those obtained from cases treated with hemodialysis in the past. It is concluded that treatment with hemodialysis should be considered as an important supplement to treatment with forced diuresis and Prussian blue in cases of thallium intoxication.

Antidotes↗
PubMed1978

Chromic acid poisoning treated with acute hemodialysis.

Poisoning with chromium compounds is rare, but often serious. The symptoms are quite characteristic, the most dramatic of these being circulatory collapse, hepatic and renal failure. A case is reported where an 18-year-old woman ingested 5 g of chromic acid. She was treated with acute hemodialysis and forced diuresis, and survived with surprisingly few symptoms of poisoning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A longitudinal study of arterial blood pressure in chronic haemodialysis patients with different levels of plasma renin concentration.

The purpose of the study was to examine the value of regular measurements of plasma renin concentration (PRC) in selecting those chronic haemodialysis patients suitable for bilateral nephrectomy to prevent development of uncontrollable hypertension. Regular measurements of arterial blood pressure (BP) and PRC were performed during one year in 31 patients undergoing regular haemodialysis because of end-stage renal disease. Among 18 patients with PRC greater than or equal to 100 micro Goldblatt units per ml plasma (microGU/ml) systolic and/or diastolic hypertension persisted or developed in 12. In contrast, among 13 patients with PRC greater than 100microGU/ml, BP became normal in all but one, who had a slightly increased systolic BP. However, hypertension was mild and easily controlled by conventional therapy in all except one, who probably had an overlying volume-dependent hypertension. Therefore, bilateral nephrectomy was not necessary in any case. The results indicate that hypertension in the majority of chronic haemodialysis patients with high PRC can be adequately controlled without surgical intervention and that regular measurements of PRC have no practical value in forecasting the development of uncontrollable hypertension in chronic haemodialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lead poisoning treated with haemodialysis.

A 27-year-old woman ingested as an abortifacient 40 grams of litharge (PbO). She was treated with EDTA infusion and haemodialysis. The half-life of lead in the blood was 9 hours during combined haemodialysis and EDTA infusion and 96 hours when EDTA was given alone. Signs and symptoms attributable to acute lead intoxication were mild.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Staphylococcus aureus carriage in adult peritoneal dialysis patients and their spouses.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients was influenced by their spouses. Furthermore, this carrier status was compared to previous Staph. aureus peritonitis episodes in order to identify the influence of Staph. aureus carriage on peritonitis rate. DESIGN: A combined prospective surveillance study (Staph. aureus carriage) and retrospective chart review (Staph. aureus peritonitis). SETTING: A single peritoneal dialysis unit in a county hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cultures from patients (n = 32) and spouses (n = 16) were obtained twice, with a 1-month interval, from the anterior nares, the umbilical, and one groin area. All positive cultures were phage typed. Retrospective chart review of all episodes of Staph. aureus peritonitis among the patients was carried out. RESULTS: Twelve of 32 patients (37.5%) and 5 of 16 spouses (31%) evaluated were carriers. Half of the spouses of patients who were Staph. aureus carriers, were also carriers, as opposed to 20% of spouses of noncarrier patients (p = 0.30). Patients and spouses always shared the same phage type. Among patients, Staph. aureus was found in the nose only (n = 9), in all three regions (n = 2), and extranasally only (n = 1). If only one nasal culture was used to establish carriage, the sensitivity and negative predictive value would be 92% and 95%, respectively. A trend toward a higher incidence (p = 0.062) of Staph. aureus peritonitis was found among carriers (patients), 0.37 versus 0.28 peritonitis episode/dialysis-year. CONCLUSIONS: Only one positive nasal culture was necessary when carriage of Staph. aureus was to be established. Staph. aureus carriage was found more often in patients who had previously suffered from Staph. aureus peritonitis. The phage types isolated remained fairly constant, and the patients and spouses often had the same carrier state and shared the same phage types, although transmission does not always take place.

Adult↗