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Biomedical subjects

R S Howell

Publications and source records attributed to R S Howell.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

The sitting position in neurosurgical anaesthesia: a survey of British practice in 1991.

A postal survey of 160 members of the Neurosurgical Anaesthetists' Travelling Club was conducted in 1991 to investigate the current use of the sitting position in neurosurgery. There was a 78% response rate; at least one reply was received from every neurosurgical centre in the UK. Patients were placed normally in the sitting position for posterior fossa surgery in eight (20%) of the centres, compared with 19 (53%) in 1981. For posterior cervical spinal surgery, only three (7%) centres routinely used the sitting position, compared with 11 (31%) in 1981. Thus in the period 1981-1991, the number of neurosurgical centres using the sitting position routinely, decreased by more than 50%. Current techniques of ventilation and monitoring for the sitting position are discussed briefly.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1993

Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection during pregnancy. A case report.

Hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) developed in a pregnant women at 38 weeks' gestation. She delivered a live-born infant who had serologically documented HSV 2 infection but did well with acyclovir therapy. The mother, however, died five days postpartum from fulminant hepatic failure despite antiviral treatment, and HSV was demonstrated in the liver. Twenty-three reported cases clearly establish pregnancy as a condition that can predispose to disseminated HSV infection. The majority of cases have been due to HSV 2, and primary infection in the latter part of pregnancy appears to constitute the greatest risk. The major disease manifestations appear to be hepatitis and encephalitis. Historically, maternal and fetal mortality rates have been high, but there is a trend toward improved survival in the acyclovir era.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Oxygen concentrators.

Oxygen concentrators offer an alternative source of oxygen to conventional methods of supply. The disadvantage of their high initial purchase price is offset by low running costs. In hospitals they may find a place in providing "oxygen" for some gas pipeline systems. They are the method of choice for supplying oxygen for long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Endoarterial pulmonary metastasis of malignant trophoblast associated with a term intrauterine pregnancy.

A previously healthy gravida 4, para 3, developed preclampsia and progressive dyspnea at the 37th gestational week and had bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. She delivered a healthy, term, male infant with a normal appearing placenta. Postpartum, her respiratory status gradually worsened. A lung biopsy on the 20th postpartum day revealed intravascular trophoblasts, diffuse arteriolar thrombosis with pulmonary infarction, and subacute interstitial pneumonitis. Combination chemotherapy was instituted, but the patient died from respiratory insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Piped medical gas and vacuum systems.

The principles and construction of medical gas and vacuum pipeline systems found in hospitals in the United Kingdom are described, with some reference to overseas practice.

Air↗
PubMed1979

Maglignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.

A benign, but aggressive, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath developed over a period of 20 years into a metasasizing, histologiclly malignant giant cell tumor. Ultrastructure of the malignant tumor showed the same five cell types as described in giant cell tumors of tendon sheath. Even the same crystals were identified in the osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells. It therefore appears reasonable to assume that giant cell tumors of tendon sheath indeed are neoplasms with a malignant potential and not an inflammatory with partial osseous differentiation. No ultrastructural similarities with fibrous histiocytoma were apparent.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory failure after liver transplantation.

A rapidly growing haemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver in a twenty-two year old woman was treated by liver transplantation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation resulted in massive blood loss during surgery, and contributed to the death of the patient from respiratory failure on the fourth post-operative day, despite continuous post-operative intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Other factors leading to her respiratory failure are discussed. There was no evidence of dysfunction in the transplanted liver.

Adult↗