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Biomedical subjects

R S Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to R S Cooper.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Intracellular calcium and sodium in hypertensive patients.

Untreated subjects with mild to moderate hypertension were compared with normotensive controls recruited from the same ambulatory screening clinic. All subjects were black. Resting levels of cytosolic free calcium were estimated in washed platelets with the fluorescent intracellular probe fura 2, and sodium and potassium were measured in red blood cells. Calcium levels were 21% higher in the hypertensive subjects (p = 0.02), and a 9% increase in sodium was observed in an expanded sample (p = 0.04). Neither intracellular calcium nor intracellular sodium had a significant linear correlation with blood pressure when hypertensive subjects and controls were examined separately or when the two groups were combined. Potassium was slightly but not significantly increased in hypertensive subjects. Among the participants for whom both calcium and sodium measurements were available, a weak, nonsignificant correlation between these ions was noted (r = 0.2; n = 48). This correlation was significant among participants in the control group examined separately (r = 0.3; n = 33; p = 0.05). Although the measurements were performed in different cell lines, these findings demonstrate increases in both intracellular calcium and sodium in hypertensive humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Has the period of rising mortality in the Soviet Union come to an end?

After a decade and a half of rapid increase, adult mortality rates in the U.S.S.R. appear to have turned downward. As would be expected given the role played by coronary heart disease in producing this rise in mortality, fewer coronary deaths have been recorded in the U.S.S.R. in recent years. If this trend persists, the Soviet Union will join a number of other industrialized countries that have succeeded in curbing the coronary heart disease epidemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ionized serum calcium in black hypertensives: absence of a relationship with blood pressure.

Serum ionized calcium was measured in untreated black hypertensives (n = 50) and normotensives (n = 33) recruited from the same outpatient facility. The only important descriptive characteristic on which the two groups differed was body mass index. Serum ionized calcium levels were identical (1.19 +/- 0.05 mg/dl; mean +/- SD), and no significant relationships between serum calcium and other covariates could be identified. It would appear that ionized calcium is a jealously guarded biologic variable and is held within narrow limits in essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Survival rates and prehospital delay during myocardial infarction among black persons.

Over a 12-month period, a consecutive series of 111 black patients admitted to a municipal hospital in Chicago was studied. The 2-week mortality rate for the entire group was 19% (95% confidence intervals, 11.7 to 26.3), and the rate was twice as high for women as for men. A history of systemic hypertension was encountered in 75% of the patients, and diabetes mellitus was present in 33%, although they were not significant predictors of mortality within this group. The delay time from onset of symptoms to arrival at the hospital was markedly prolonged compared with studies of predominantly white populations--twice as long at the median and 3 times as long at the mean. Preventive campaigns aimed at this population should include educating patients on the symptoms of coronary artery disease and encouraging them to seek prompt medical care. Attention must also be given to eliminating obstacles to access to care in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Juvenile diabetes and the heart.

This article reviews the clinical features of heart disease in the diabetic in three categories: (1) coronary atherosclerosis (CAD), (2) autonomic neuropathy, and (3) cardiomyopathy. Particular attention is given to current methods of noninvasive assessment of cardiac function in juvenile diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sex and race differences in sodium-lithium countertransport and red cell sodium concentration.

A total of 417 individuals from all four major sex-race groups were examined for the rate of sodium flux via the countertransport pathway and the sodium concentration within red cells. The age span was from early adolescence to retirement. Males of both races had sizable higher countertransport rates than did women (p less than 0.01), and a slight increase in sodium concentration (p greater than 0.05). Contrariwise, while whites or both sexes had higher countertransport than their black counterparts, sodium concentration was higher in blacks than whites (p less than 0.01). This pattern is not consistent with a direct relationship between both countertransport or sodium concentration and blood pressure which applies across both racial groups. Sex-race differences must be taken into account in any group comparisons of these variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Balloon dilatation angioplasty: nonsurgical management of coarctation of the aorta.

Balloon dilatation angioplasty was successfully performed in five patients (ages 18 months to 17 years) with discrete aortic coarctation. The catheter size was No. 8F or 9F. Selection of balloon diameter was based on angiographic measurements of the aorta determined proximal and distal to the coarctation site. A 10 sec inflation-deflation cycle at 6 to 8 atmospheres (90 to 120 psi) was performed. The systolic pressure gradients across the coarctation before balloon dilatation angioplasty ranged from 35 to 70 mm Hg. Systolic pressure gradients after balloon dilatation angioplasty ranged from 0 to 10 mm Hg. All patients had normalized blood pressure immediately. Abnormal pulsed Doppler echocardiograms were observed in all patients before balloon dilatation angioplasty; four patients had normal echocardiograms after balloon dilatation angioplasty. No serious intraprocedural complications occurred. One patient required femoral artery thrombectomy 36 hr after balloon dilatation angioplasty. One to 6 months after balloon dilatation angioplasty no patients have evidence of restenosis of coarctation. Early results suggest that balloon dilatation angioplasty may offer a safe and effective nonsurgical alternative for the treatment of discrete coarctation in older infants and children. Long-term follow-up for the incidence of restenosis and formation of aneurysms will ultimately determine the efficacy and safety of this procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiologic features of recent trends in coronary heart disease in the Soviet Union.

Beginning in the mid 1960s the Soviet Union experienced a sharp increase in the mortality rate for men over the age of 20 and for women 50 to 64 years. The principal cause of this increase appears to be the rising rates of coronary heart disease. The rate of increase in coronary heart disease for men in the 30 to 59 year age group over the years 1966 to 1972 was almost 7% per year. Rural death rates have increased at a faster rate than those in cities, although the absolute level remains somewhat lower. Mortality from other major cardiovascular diseases has also increased. It would appear that the coronary heart disease epidemic has been particularly severe in the USSR and there is no evidence that it has abated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Atrioventricular canal ventricular septal defect with cleft mitral valve. Angiographic and echocardiographic features.

A rare form of endocardial cushion defect is an atrioventricular (AV) canal-type ventricular septal defect with cleft mitral valve in the absence of a primum atrial septal defect. In two infants with Down's syndrome, preoperative delineation of this entity was accomplished. M-mode echocardiographic features included presence of two distinct AV valves, attachment of the anterior portion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve to the interventricular septum, and normal septal motion. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated the intact atrial septum, ventricular septal defect, presence of two distinct AV valves, and the cleft mitral valve. Angled (axial) cineangiography was employed to delineate the AV valve morphological characteristics, position of ventricular septal defect, and absence of a primum atrial septal defect. Since the surgical approach to this lesion is different from other forms of endocardial cushion defects and specific problems related to AV valve morphology may be encountered, the preoperative diagnosis of this entity is important.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1982

The selective lipid-lowering effect of vegetarianism on low density lipoproteins in a cross-over experiment.

In a cross-over experiment the effect of short-term vegetarianism on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins was studied. The experimental diet was free of animal products, with the exception of skim milk, and consequently low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Fifteen free-living individuals were randomly assigned to 3-week periods on either the experimental diet or a control diet which closely approximated the usual intake in the U.S.A. Significant reductions in total cholesterol (12.5%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (14.7%), and apo B (13.2%) were observed, accompanied by a non-significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (10%), apo A-I (3%) and a non-significant increase in apo-II (4%). These data suggest that a fat-modified diet low in total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol, and moderate (not high) in polyunsaturated fat may not lower HDL-C or its apoproteins as much as a diet high in polyunsaturated fat, while having similar effects on LDL-C, and would therefore be preferable as the basis for primary prevention of atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pulmonary tuberculosis in a sulfur-crested cockatoo.

An adult, female sulfur-crested cockatoo (Kakatoe sp) was examined because of dyspnea associated with hemoptysis. On radiographic examination there was a large cystic pulmonary mass that, on aspiration, was found to contain thick sanguineous fluid. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of aspirate smears revealed numerous acid-fast organisms. Gross necropsy and microscopic findings suggested a diagnosis of tuberculosis, with primary focus of infection in the pulmonary tissues. Bacteriologic isolation and typing confirmed a diagnosis of tuberculosis and established Mycobacterium avium as the etiologic agent.

Animals↗