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R S Camplejohn

Publications and source records attributed to R S Camplejohn.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

DNA flow cytometry of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

S-phase fraction, an index of cellular proliferation, and DNA ploidy were measured by DNA flow cytometry in a retrospective study of lymph node biopsy specimens from 83 cases (before treatment) of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Working Formulation categories B and C. The correlations between these measures and survival, clinical stage, symptoms and histopathological factors were investigated. Aneuploidy was rare (n = 16) and had no effect on length of survival or transformation to high grade lymphoma. The overall mean S-phase fraction was 3.6%; for the whole series increasing S-phase fraction was associated with decreased survival. A high S-phase fraction (more than 5%) in initial biopsy specimens was also associated with an increased risk of subsequent high grade transformation at relapse. There was no difference between the survival or proliferative activity of tumours composed of mainly small cleaved cells compared with those composed of mixed small and large cells. There was no difference in survival or proliferative activity between tumours showing a pure follicular growth pattern and those with a mixed follicular and diffuse growth pattern. Multifactorial analysis showed that an S-phase fraction of more than 5% and B symptoms were the most important factors determining survival in these follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Proliferative activity, histological grade and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in node positive breast cancer.

The influence of S-phase fraction (SPF), measured by DNA flow cytometry, and histological grade on outcome following adjuvant chemotherapy was analysed for 214 patients with node positive breast cancer treated at Guy's Hospital who were entered into the Guy's/Manchester trial of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (CMF) vs. no adjuvant treatment. Adjuvant CMF significantly improved relapse-free survival (RFS) for premenopausal patients whose tumours had an SPF of 10% or less (control vs. CMF, P = 0.05) and premenopausal patients whose tumours had an SPF over 10% (control vs. CMF, P = 0.003). No significant improvement in RFS attributable to CMF was seen for either subgroup of postmenopausal patients. When patients were divided into subgroups based on histological grade of tumour, an improvement in RFS attributable to CMF was seen for premenopausal patients with well differentiated (grade 1 or 2) tumours (control vs. CMF, P = 0.03) and premenopausal patients with poorly differentiated (grade 3) tumours (control vs. CMF, P = 0.006). Again, no improvement in RFS was noted for any subgroup of postmenopausal patients defined by tumour grade.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

DNA index, S-phase fraction, histological grade and prognosis in breast cancer.

DNA index and S-phase fraction (SPF) were measured by flow cytometry on paraffin embedded tissue from 140 primary breast tumours. The results of DNA analysis were compared with the size, degree of axillary node involvement, histological grade and steroid receptor content of the tumours, as well as with the patients' subsequent clinical course. Forty-four (31.4%) of the 140 tumours were diploid. S-phase fraction was evaluable for 134 (95.7%). The median SPF of the whole population was 7.1%, with diploid tumours having a significantly lower median SPF (3.2%) than aneuploid (10.1%, P less than 0.001). Both aneuploidy (P = 0.002) and high SPF (P less than 0.001) were strongly associated with high histological grade. There was no significant association between either DNA ploidy or SPF and tumour size, nodal status or steroid receptor content. An SPF below the median was strongly associated with better relapse-free survival (P = 0.008), overall survival (P = 0.004) and survival after relapse (P less than 0.001). Ploidy did not correlate significantly with clinical course. Multivariate analysis using the Cox model suggested that, while SPF gave prognostic information independent of tumour size or nodal status, this independent significance was lost when histological grade was included in the analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Node-negative breast cancer: prognostic subgroups defined by tumor size and flow cytometry.

Adjuvant systemic therapy for women with node-negative breast cancer is most easily justified for those patients at highest risk of relapse. We have examined the impact of tumor size, histologic grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor ploidy, and S-phase fraction (SPF) on relapse-free survival (RFS) for 169 patients with node-negative breast cancer in order to identify groups of patients at high and low risk of relapse. Patients with small tumors (less than or equal to 1.0 cm) had a significantly better RFS than those with larger tumors (P = .005), with 96% remaining relapse-free at 5 years. Patients with tumors less than or equal to 1.0 cm were thus excluded from analysis when attempting to define a group with a poor prognosis. Within the group of patients with tumors greater than 1.0 cm, tumor ploidy (P = .63), ER status (P = .3), or progesterone receptor (PgR) status (P = .24) did not predict for RFS. Patients with grade 1 or 2 infiltrating ductal tumors had a significantly better prognosis than those with grade 3 tumors (P = .04). The prognostic factor that gave the widest separation between subgroups, however, was SPF. Patients whose tumors were greater than 1.0 cm with an SPF less than or equal to 10% had a 5-year RFS of 78% compared with a 5-year RFS of 52% for those with an SPF greater than 10% (P = .006). We have combined tumor size and SPF to identify three prognostic groups: (1) tumor less than or equal to 1.0 cm, 5-year RFS 96%; (2) tumor greater than 1.0 cm plus SPF less than or equal to 10%, 5-year RFS 78%; 3) tumor greater than 1.0 cm plus SPF greater than 10%, 5-year RFS 52%. These prognostic groupings may help identify patients most suitable for adjuvant therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of S-phase fractions in lymphoid tissue comparing fresh versus paraffin-embedded tissue and 4',6'-diamidino-2 phenylindole dihydrochloride versus propidium iodide staining.

S-phase fractions for 62 lymphoid biopsies were calculated, by means of flow cytometry, from both fresh and paraffin-embedded tissue. The purposes of this study were to determine whether significant differences were seen between S-phase estimates obtained from fresh and fixed tissue and to compare results obtained with two DNA dyes, namely 4'-6'-diamidino-2 phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI). The 62 cases consisted of 38 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 19 reactive samples, and 5 cases of Hodgkin's disease. Fifty-four of the samples showed DNA diploid profiles. A good agreement between S-phase results from fresh and fixed tissue was seen, with technical factors accounting for around 20% of the total variance. Using a paired t test, no significant difference was seen between fresh and fixed tissue for diploid cases, but there was a trend for S-phase estimates from fixed tissue to be higher. If all cases (including the eight DNA aneuploid samples) were included in the analysis this difference just reached statistical significance (P less than .05). In a subgroup of 19 of the cases, a comparison was performed on both fresh and fixed tissue of staining with DAPI and PI. A good agreement between results with both DNA stains was found on fresh and fixed tissue, with no significant differences being apparent, and stain-related factors accounted for only 10% of the total variance.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1989

A flow cytometric study of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), or histiocytosis X, is now generally considered to be a non-malignant condition. A flow cytometric (FCM) study of a single case has, however, been published which claimed to provide evidence to contradict this. The presence of DNA-ploidy as detected using this technique is a feature of malignant and pre-malignant disease. In this reported single case, DNA-ploidy was present but the clinical features of this patient were atypical for LCH. We have performed a FCM study of the DNA of nine biopsies of LCH lesions from six patients with well-established disease. In addition, in one of these, fresh tissue studies including the use of an anti-CD I monoclonal antibody to specifically label the LCH cells were performed. In all cases the DNA content of the cells was entirely normal. We therefore found no evidence that LCH is a neoplastic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A flow cytometric study of actinic reticuloid.

Potential progression of actinic reticuloid to malignant lymphoma was studied by DNA flow cytometry of affected formalin-fixed skin from six patients with histological and photobiological evidence of actinic reticuloid. DNA aneuploidy was absent in all patients providing no evidence that actinic reticuloid is a premalignant condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

DNA flow cytometry of thymomas.

Forty-seven thymomas have been examined by DNA flow cytometry and results correlated with histology, stage, associated clinical features and survival. Twenty-five cases were DNA diploid, 14 were aneuploid and no results could be obtained for eight cases. The presence of aneuploidy correlated with more advanced (stage II and III) disease and the presence of myasthenia gravis and was more frequent in epithelial predominant thymomas. Tumour recurrence was more frequent in DNA aneuploid tumours, stage II/III disease and epithelial predominant neoplasms. Multifactorial analysis showed that DNA aneuploidy was predictive of tumour recurrence independent of the effects of stage and histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

DNA ploidy and the prognosis of stage pT1 bladder cancer.

The histopathological grade, proportion of "S"-phase nuclei and DNA ploidy values were linked and of prognostic significance in a retrospective series of stage pT1 bladder cancers. Nuclei were extracted from paraffin sections of 75 biopsies (56 patients). DNA ploidy and the proportion of "S"-phase nuclei were measured using flow cytometry. Progressive disease (pT2 or greater) developed within 3 years in 35% (6/17) of patients with poorly differentiated tumours, 35% (8/23) with aneuploid tumours and 35% (7/20) of those with a high proportion of "S"-phase nuclei. Of 8 tumours with all 3 features, progressive disease developed in 6 cases (75%). Of 9 patients who developed progressive disease, 8 (89%) had aneuploid tumours. Progressive disease did not develop in 11 patients with well differentiated tumours, compared with 4% (1/24) in diploid/tetraploid tumours and 7% (2/27) in those with a low/medium percentage of "S"-phase nuclei. In contrast to muscle-invasive disease, recurrent superficial tumours developed with a high incidence in all groups. Only 6/56 patients (11%) remained alive and disease-free for 3 years. It is concluded that these 3 features are of similar prognostic significance and accuracy in identifying patients requiring more aggressive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Perioperative bromocriptine adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer.

Blood levels of prolactin are consistently raised in women who have undergone mastectomy for breast cancer, probably because of the stress of surgery. Since this increase in concentration of a known breast epithelial growth promoter might stimulate proliferation in micrometastatic cells shed at the time of surgery, a pilot study was conducted to try to abolish this effect. 38 patients with suspected operable breast cancer were given either bromocriptine (18) or placebo (20) tablets for 5 days preoperatively and thereafter for 3-10 days. Bromocriptine-treated patients showed significant reductions in prolactin levels and in S-phase fraction of tumour cells within the primary infiltrating carcinoma. There were no major side-effects. Perioperative bromocriptine may provide another approach to adjuvant therapy, possibly combined with endocrine or cytotoxic treatment for patients with axillary nodal metastases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

The flow cytometry of melanocytic skin lesions.

DNA flow cytometry was performed on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded melanocytic naevi. DNA aneuploidy was detected in all three types of naevus but was significantly more frequent in those naevi accepted as precursors of malignancy: that is, dysplastic and congenital pigmented hairy naevi. It may be that the presence of DNA aneuploidy has prognostic significance in these naevi. Technical problems were encountered in the analysis of data from melanocytic lesions so that caution is recommended in interpretation of studies using formalin fixed tissue.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of monoclonal antibody Ki-67 reactivity with grade and DNA flow cytometry of breast carcinomas.

The reactivity of 95 breast carcinomas with the antibody Ki-67, which recognises a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells, has been assessed and compared to their histological grade and, for 47 tumours, DNA index and S-phase content. The effects of freezing and section handling on the stability of the nuclear antigen have been assessed. Evidence of nuclear staining was seen in 56% of carcinomas, with a range of positive cells from less than 1% to 60%. Cytoplasmic rather than nuclear staining was observed in 26% and 18% of carcinomas were negative. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of nuclear staining and poorer histological grade and higher S-phase content, and between the percentage of positive nuclei and S-phase content, but not grade. Three groups of carcinomas were identified: those in which Ki-67 reactivity, grade and S-phase content were similar; ones in which there was prominent nuclear reactivity with Ki-67 but low grade and S-phase content; and a group showing the converse. These patients will be followed to assess which of these three markers of proliferation is of greatest prognostic value.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Reduction of tumour bed effect after angiogenic stimulation.

A new two-tumour system has been developed to examine the effect of an angiogenic stimulus on the tumour bed effect (TBE) in C3H mouse skin treated with 20 Gy X rays. The first tumour was implanted intradermally to stimulate angiogenesis. The Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) was used for this since it is isogeneic in C57 B1 mice and after initial growth (mean volume 69 mm3), tumours completely regressed within 24 days. The second tumour, the RIF-1 fibrosarcoma (RIF) isogeneic to C3H mice was used to assess stromal function using the TBE assay. After complete regression of the 3LL tumour, RIF cells were implanted into the centre of the stimulated sites and 24 days later the resulting RIF tumours were excised and the TBE measured from the yield of viable RIF cells obtained from each tumour. There was an approximately 10-fold increase in cell yield from tumours implanted into stimulated, pre-irradiated beds compared with those implanted into unstimulated, pre-irradiated beds. This suggests that the angiogenic stimulus provided by the growth of the 3LL tumour led to a substantial restoration of the capacity of the radiation-damaged stroma to support tumour growth. If stromal restoration, as seen during these experiments using artificially induced angiogenesis, was to occur in unstimulated stroma during the normal course of repair and regeneration, this slowly dividing tissue constituent might eventually recover given sufficient time. This raises the possibility that the role of the stroma in late radiation damage might not be as important as was previously thought.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Histological grade, elastosis, DNA ploidy and the response to chemotherapy of breast cancer.

The relationships between response to chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer and the histological type, grade, elastosis content and DNA ploidy of the primary tumours were examined using paraffin-embedded tissue derived from 125 patients. Higher response rates were seen amongst tumours with a high elastosis content and those that were diploid. However, selection of patients with advanced breast cancer for chemotherapy will not be assisted significantly by an assessment of these features in the primary tumour.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1987

Tumour bed effect: hypoxic fraction of tumours growing in preirradiated beds.

The reduction in tumour growth rate seen when tumours are implanted into preirradiated sites, the tumour bed effect (TBE), is believed to be due to radiation damage to vascular stroma, leading to defective angiogenesis in the tumour. The present work examined whether or not the functional inadequacy of irradiated stroma was accompanied by an increased hypoxic fraction in tumours growing in irradiated beds. Mouse flank skin was given 0 or 20 Gy X-rays and RIF-1 fibrosarcoma cells were implanted i.d. into the centre of the treatment field one week later. Tumours of 200 mm3 were irradiated under clamped or unclamped conditions and the hypoxic fraction measured from the displacement of the corresponding survival curves, assayed in vitro. Results indicated a small increase in the hypoxic fraction. Averaging values from three independent experiments, the percentage of hypoxic cells increased from 2.5 per cent for cells in tumours growing in unirradiated beds to 4.6 per cent for those from tumours in beds given 20 Gy. Thus an irradiated vascular bed is still to some extent able to maintain the proportion of oxic: hypoxic tumour cells found in tumours growing in unirradiated beds, despite manifest changes in tumour necrosis and growth rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A flow cytometric study of the significance of DNA aneuploidy in cutaneous lesions.

Aneuploidy has not to date been demonstrated in any entirely benign condition and thus is held to be implicit of neoplasia. DNA flow cytometry can be used to detect DNA aneuploidy rapidly. A technique has been developed to make possible flow cytometric analysis of formalin-fixed skin. The technique was validated by study of benign and pre-malignant dermatoses. Further studies were performed on skin conditions of questionable malignant potential. DNA aneuploidy was demonstrated in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Flow cytometry was unable to distinguish keratoacanthomas from squamous cell carcinomas.

Aneuploidy↗