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Biomedical subjects

R Ryan

Publications and source records attributed to R Ryan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The stigma of epilepsy as a self-concept.

To study the extent to which persons with epilepsy feel stigmatized by the disorder, a sample of 445 individuals with epilepsy is analyzed. By first defining stigma in quantifiable terms and then by assessing the prevalence of stigma among the individuals studied, two alternative models that postulate the causes of stigma are investigated. The first model, a simple medical approach, assumes that because epilepsy is stigmatizing for an individual with the disorder, a direct relationship exists between the severity of the individual's seizure and the perception of stigma. The second model, a sociopsychological approach, assumes that the effects of seizure severity on the perception of stigma are mediated by other individual characteristics. The results of the study suggest, first, that persons with epilepsy do not universally feel stigmatized by the disorder. Second, by investigating the validity of these assumptions with regression and path analysis techniques, the findings support the premise of the sociopsychological model. The relationship between the severity of seizures and the perception of stigma due to the disorder is found to be highly dependent on other characteristics in the individual with epilepsy, such as the perception of employment discrimination, the perception of limitations imposed by the disorder, and the years of school attained by the individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Development of a multihospital pharmacy quality assurance program.

Seven community hospitals have worked cooperatively for 18 months to develop an initial hospital pharmacy quality assurance program. Auditing criteria were developed for nine service areas corresponding to the model program developed by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Current plans are to implement and modify this program as required at each participating hospital. Follow-up programs will also be essential to a functional, ongoing program, and these will be developed in the future.

Interinstitutional Relations↗
PubMed1979

Effect of estrogen on preprolactin messenger ribonucleic acid sequences.

A complementary DNA (cDNA) probe has been synthesized for rat preprolactin messenger RNA (mRNA). Following preparative gel electrophoresis, the cDNA was characterized and estimated to be approximately 75% pure. The reverse transcript is estimated to be greater than 1000 nucleotides long and, therefore, is a full-length copy of the preprolactin mRNA. It is a faithful transcript, as evidenced by back-hybridization with the mRNA. By use of the cDNA as a hybridization probe, the levels of preprolactin mRNA in the pituitary of male and female rats were monitored and found to increase following estrogen treatment. Increases in preprolactin mRNA activity, assayed by in vitro translation in the wheat germ system, were paralleled by increases in hybridization to the cDNA probe after estrogen treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Sequence complexity of bovine pituitary poly(A)RNA.

Poly(A)RNA extracted from the anterior lobe of bovine-pituitary tissue was transcribed into its complementary DNA with reverse transcriptase. This 3H-labeled cDNA was hybridized with its template RNA. Hybridization kinetics revealed at least 3 abundance classes with the highest abundance class consisting of only a few different sequences. Bovine-liver poly(A)RNA did not contain this highest abundance class when hybridized to the cDNA probe complementary to pituitary poly(A)RNA. This result suggested that the highest abundance class found in bovine-pituitary poly(A)RNA was specific for that tissue and most likely contained the mRNA sequences for the major pituitary hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and characterization of mitochondrial DNA from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been isolated from a mitochondrial pellet of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The mtDNA has a buoyant density of 1.706 g/ml in CsCl, a melting temperature of 87.9 degrees in standard saline citrate, and a nucleoside composition of 47.5% deoxyguanidine plus deoxycytidine with no odd nucleosides. Thermal denaturation and renaturation studies have shown that (i) mtDNA contains no extensive intramolecular heterogeneity nor significant base bias between the complementary polynucleotide chains and (ii) mtDNA renatures as a single homogeneous class with a kinetic complexity of 9.78 X 10(6) daltons. Although rare (less than or equal to 1%), both open and supercoiled circular mtDNA molecules have been observed in the electron microscope. Contour lengths of linear and open and closed circular molecules are all within the range of 4.0-5.4 micron with a mean of 4.67 +/- 0.30 micron. This size is similar to that of animal mtDNA but approximately 1/8 that of the higher plant mtDNAs. The magnitude of mtDNA reiteration in C. reinhardtii is estimated to be of the same order as that of chloroplast DNA.

Centrifugation, Isopycnic↗
PubMed1977

Rapid method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin for Haemophilus influenzae.

A rapid method for determining the minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin using Haemophilus influenzae as the test organism is described. This semiautomated technique using the Autobac system was compared with the agar dilution MIC method. Fifty-seven isolates of both susceptible and resistant H. influenzae were tested. There was exact quantitative agreement with 65% of the isolates, and 91% of the isolates showed no more than a one-dilution-interval difference when MICs were determined by both methods. Total testing time was 3 to 4 h.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

[Fluorinated pyrimidines administered by percutaneous arterial perfusion in primary or secondary cancers of the liver].

The results of a study based on intraaterial therapy applied to 65 cases of hepatic cancers (among which 42 cases of metastases of recto-colitic origin and 8 cases of primitive hepatomas) are reported. The catheters are insected percutaneously through the left brachial artery. After achort term treatment with Fluoro-Uracil FUDR is given continuously for over 20 weeks on the average, in ambulatory practice, using a Watkins chronofusor. A subjective response is reported in 88 p. 100 of the cases, an objective one in 74 p. 100. The mean survival time reckoning from the date of diagnosis is 16.6 months (it is somewhat longer in the cases of primitive hepatoma). The signs of systemic toxicity are frequent but mild; they seldom compel to discontinue the treatment. No death due to therapy has been register-d. The results are at least as good and even better with transcutaneous catheters than with catheters surgically inserted in the abdomen. They should encourage a wide spread of the method.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1975

Translation of RNA that contains polyadenylate from yeast mitochondria in an Escherichia coli ribosomal system.

RNA that contains poly(A) [poly(A)-RNA] has been isolated from yeast mitochondria by poly(U) Sepharose-4B column chromatography. Pulse-labeled poly(A)-RNA shows 8-10 discrete peaks by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of mitochondrial poly(A)-RAN is six to eight times greater than that of mitochondrial rRNA after pulse labeling of protoplasts with [3H-]uridine. Ethidium bromide inhibits incorporation by over 90%. The total mitochondrial RNA preparation was contaminated with 5-15% cytoplasmic rRNA as determined by gel electrophoresis, but RNA exhaustion hybridization experiments indicated little or no cytoplasmic contamination of the mitochondrial poly(A)-RNA. The poly(A)-RNA stimulates [3H]leucine incorporation into protein in an E. coli cell-free system. A fraction of the labeled product is precipitated with antibody directed toward yeast cytochrome oxidase, but not with antibody directed toward bovine serum albumin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitated material reveals labeled peptides having the mobility of the three larger cytochrome oxidase peptides, which are known to be translated by mitochondrial ribosomes.

Cell-Free System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple-attack efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan nasal spray in the treatment of migraine.

OBJECTIVE: Sumatriptan hemisulfate nasal spray may provide a useful therapeutic option for patients with migraine who find injectable medications inconvenient or uncomfortable and for patients whose migraine-associated nausea and vomiting preclude the use of oral medication. This study was the first US trial to evaluate the effects of sumatriptan nasal spray administered for multiple migraine attacks. DESIGN/INTERVENTIONS: Sumatriptan nasal spray (5, 10, or 20 mg) was administered via a 1-shot nasal applicator into either nostril for up to 3 migraine attacks occurring over 6 months in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Fifty-six outpatient clinical centers in the United States. PATIENTS: A total of 1086 men and women diagnosed with migraine with or without aura per International Headache Society criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of patients with headache relief (moderate or severe predose pain reduced to mild or none); percentage of patients with no or mild (vs moderate or severe) clinical disability; percentage of patients with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia; adverse events; clinical laboratory test results. RESULTS: Across attacks, headache relief in the 20-, 10-, and 5-mg drug and placebo groups was experienced 120 minutes postdose by 60%, 54%, 44%, and 32% of patients, respectively (P<.05 for each sumatriptan nasal spray group vs placebo, for the 10-mg vs 5-mg drug group, and for the 20-mg vs 5-mg drug group). Two thirds of the 20-mg patients treating 3 attacks experienced relief at 2 hours postdose for at least 2 of 3 attacks. Clinical disability scores at 120 minutes in the 20-, 10-, and 5-mg drug and placebo groups reflected no or mild impairment in 70%, 67%, 57%, and 50% of patients, respectively (P<.05 for the 10- or 20-mg drug group vs placebo group, and for the 20-mg vs 5- mg drug group). Similar efficacy rates were observed for nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. For all parameters, individual-attack efficacy rates did not differ from across-attack rates. The incidence of adverse events was not dose related. The most frequently reported adverse event in the active treatment groups was taste disturbance (bad, bitter, or unpleasant). CONCLUSIONS: Sumatriptan hemisulfate nasal spray (5, 10, or 20 mg) is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of multiple migraine attacks. The 20-mg dose was associated with the highest efficacy rates across the greatest number of parameters.

Administration, Intranasal↗