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Biomedical subjects

R Rowland

Publications and source records attributed to R Rowland.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The mucosal changes and pathogenesis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

The clinical and pathologic findings in 11 patients with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) are described. Symptoms were variable but localized to the gastrointestinal tract. Only one patient had obstructive airway disease. Although gas cysts of varying sizes were present in the colonic wall in all cases, distinctive changes were also observed in the mucosa. Architectural disturbances were seen in 11 of 13 specimens, and changes mimicking those of inflammatory bowel disease, including cryptitis, crypt abscesses, chronic inflammation, and granulomas, were present. In addition, crypt dilation and partial crypt rupture, with formation of intramucosal cysts, were seen in association with clusters of small gas cysts in the lamina propria. The transgression of gas cysts through the muscularis mucosae and the presence of larger giant cell-lined cysts in the submucosa suggested entry of gas generated in the colonic lumen or within inflamed crypts from the mucosal aspect. Other postulated pathogeneses of PCI are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Carrageenan colitis in the guinea pig: pathological changes and the importance of ascorbic acid deficiency in disease induction.

In guinea pigs deprived of ascorbic acid, the oral administration of degraded E. spinosum carrageenan induced mild to moderate colitis, while E. cottonii consistently induced severe colitis. A variable degree of colitis was observed in scorbutic animals not receiving carrageenan. By contrast, in animals given large daily supplements of ascorbic acid, neither type of carrageenan consistently induced colitis and severe disease was rarely observed. The severe colitis induced by E. cottonii in scorbutic animals markedly affected the mid and distal colon and showed histological changes similar to human ulcerative colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gastric xanthomas.

Gastric xanthomas (GX) are uncommon intramucosal lesions which can be misinterpreted as early or signet ring adenocarcinoma. The histological features of eight gastric xanthomas are described. Mucin and Masson trichrome strains were valuable in distinguishing GX from adenocarcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Clostridium difficile colitis.

We reviewed all rectal biopsies performed on patients with proven C. difficile infection between 1977 and 1982 (36 patients). All patients were symptomatic and all had received antibiotic treatment recently, the commonest antibiotic treatment being ampicillin or amoxycillin. There was poor correlation between the histological appearances and the severity of symptoms. A range of histological appearances was observed: normal (8%), congestion and edema (8%), nonspecific colitis (3%), infective colitis (28%) and pseudomembranous colitis (53%) (PMC). Most cases of PMC showed 'early' features, involving predominantly the surface epithelium, where attenuation and inflammation, intraepithelial microabscesses, and small eruptive lesions were seen. Recognition of these features, in the context of an acute infective-type colitis, may lead to early diagnosis of C. difficile colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The value of the autopsy in medical audit--a combined clinical and pathological assessment of 100 cases.

We retrospectively reviewed 100 consecutive autopsies performed at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1979. The review was made jointly by a clinician, surgical pathologist and forensic pathologist. The mean patient age was 64.5 years. Sixteen percent of premortem anatomical diagnoses were not confirmed at autopsy. Autopsy revealed 171 new anatomical diagnoses. Of these, 33 diagnoses in 27 patients were important in relation to the cause of death and if known premortem would have altered therapy and possibly outcome in two patients. In 11 cases the missed major diagnoses should have been entertained on the basis of available clinical data. Of the 19 sudden deaths, the cause of death was not included in the clinical differential diagnosis in seven cases. Autopsy resulted in a substantial change in the death certification of 43 cases. The data indicate that the autopsy has a great deal to offer in correcting clinical diagnoses and effecting scientific discipline for clinicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Perhexiline maleate induced cirrhosis.

Perhexiline maleate is a potent anti-anginal drug which may cause alcoholic-type hepatitis and cirrhosis. We report a case of a patient who developed cirrhosis on a relatively low dose within 16 mth.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Intercellular junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The freeze-fracture technique has been used to study the organization of intercellular junctions in two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. A tumor free cirrhotic liver has been included for comparison. Tight junctions were disorganized in the tumor cells of hepatocellular carcinoma. The tight junction networks often were not orientated parallel to the canalicular lumen. In some areas tight junctions comprised 2 to 4 strands, while in other areas they were reduced to a single strand. Discontinuities and local proliferation of tight junctions were also seen. Some tight junctions were composed of intramembrane particles aligned to form a discontinuous network. Gap junctions between the tumor cells were small and infrequent. Gap junctions were found only on the lateral plasma membranes and were not seen within the tight junction networks. These findings have been interpreted to indicate changes in intercellular communication, and an alteration in the ability of hepatocytes to differentiate tight junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1983

Community attitudes to artificial insemination by husband or donor, in vitro fertilization, and adoption.

Although reproductive medicine is rapidly advancing within society, few studies have been conducted in this area on the opinions and attitudes of people in the community. A survey of the attitudes of 104 Geelong residents, selected by a random sampling technique, was conducted, in order to assess community attitudes to adoption, artificial insemination using husband and donor sperm, and in vitro fertilization. The results indicate that attitudes in general are positive, supporting the pro-natalist bias of society. AID was seen as the most problematic technique used, and was given less support in general than the other techniques. A surprising number of respondents felt that single and homosexual groups should have access to these techniques. Further results are discussed, including those bearing on the possibility of establishing a National Register for AID donor-offspring information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Attitudes and opinions of donors on an artificial insemination by donor (AID) programme.

The attitudes and opinions of AID donors have been neglected in the research on AID. The general community and medical attitude is that donors are a reluctant and secretive group, who wish all information about themselves to be destroyed. This paper presents data from a study of 67 donors at the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne. Through questionnaires and structured interviews, donors were asked questions concerning: their reasons for donating; their attitudes to the infertile couple who receive their sperm; their attitudes to the selection of couples; the revelation of information about themselves; and the possibility of meeting their AID offspring. The data reveal that some stereotypes about the donors are not valid; they do not donate primarily for monetary reasons and they are not only medical students. Furthermore, the majority of this group would not object if information about them, apart from their name, were given to the couple for the child, and over half would not mind meeting the child at the age of 18 years. It is clear from this study that before any legislation is created, donors' viewpoints should be considered. It is not impossible that a system could be designed to accommodate all the varied needs of couples, donors, and AID offspring.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Combined hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity following sulphasalazine administration.

Two cases of hepatotoxicity following sulphasalazine administration are reported. Each patient became ill after her initial exposure to sulphasalazine and after being re-exposed to the drug. In both instances there was an interval of three weeks between receiving the drug for the first time and the onset of the toxic reaction. In the first patient, hepatotoxicity occurred after initial exposure and following the second course of sulphasalazine. Mild neurotoxicity was seen following second exposure to sulphasalazine. In the second patient, hepatotoxicity occurred following the initial exposure to sulphasalazine but after reexposure the only abnormality in liver function tests present was a slight rise in the serum level of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. In this patient, life-threatening neurotoxicity occurred each time that the patient received sulphasalazine.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Chronic radiation injury to the intestine: a clinico-pathological study.

This paper draws attention to the continuing problem of chronic radiation injury to bowel. Fifty-seven symptomatic patients with this disorder were studied, 31 with predominantly small bowel injury and 26 with colonic disease. The mean latent interval following irradiation was 4.7 years. Small bowel disease presented initially as intestinal obstruction (19 cases) or malabsorption (11 cases) and the radiation related mortality in small bowel disease was 32%, while that for colonic disease was 4%. There was a high incidence of prior pelvic surgery and of adjunctive chemotherapy in patients developing small bowel disease. Analysis of the radiotherapy techniques used highlighted that an unsatisfactory distribution of radiation dosage occurred when parallel opposed fields were used particularly where one field only was treated daily. Difficulty in matching external beams with intracavity sources may also have contributed to radiation injury.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Collagenous colitis: a distinctive and potentially reversible disorder.

A case of collagenous colitis is reported. The patient's symptoms cleared up after a course of mepacrine hydrochloride. Biopsies taken after clinical recovery still showed some increase in the number of reticulin fibres present in the upper layers of the lamina propria but the subsequent six years.

Colitis↗
PubMed1982

Angiodysplasias of the colon.

We studied 14 large bowel resections from patients with a provisional clinical diagnosis of a bleeding vascular lesion of the colon. For the purpose of this study we developed a barium-gelatine vascular injection technique. Six of the 14 cases were proven to be angiodysplasias with an identifiable mucosal vascular ectasia. The pathological findings in these six cases are described. We conclude that angiodysplasia represent a significant cause of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the elderly. It is our opinion that only the mucosa vascular ectasia seen in these cases is histologically diagnostic and that sub-mucosal venous ectasia, while characteristic of angiodysplasia, is non-specific. the differential diagnostic features which will allow the histological distinction of angiodysplasia from other vascular lesions of the colon are discussed.

Aged↗