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Biomedical subjects

R Roux

Publications and source records attributed to R Roux.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Performance of parotidectomy in nonspecialist centers.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether parotidectomy could be safely performed in smaller centers. The results of parotid surgery in a smaller center were reviewed and the major outcome measures compared with the results in the English literature from the best-known centers. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of case series comprising 168 consecutive parotid surgical procedures in a district general hospital for a 15-year period (1985-1999). The follow-up ranged from 1 to 15 years with a mean of 8 years. Sixty-three patients had a follow-up of over 10 years. Revision procedures and surgery for malignant tumors were excluded from the study. SETTING: Warwick Hospital, a district general hospital in the United Kingdom, catering to a population of 300,000, with a case mix that is typical for a primary care hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Permanent facial palsy, temporary facial palsy, and recurrence rate. Other variables included age, sex, name of the surgeon, histopathologic features of the specimen, duration of follow-up, and other complications. RESULTS: There were 154 consecutive operations within the study period, performed by 2 ear, nose, and throat surgeons and 1 general surgeon. Eight cases were excluded because of cancer or revision, yielding a final figure of 146 for analysis. There were 25 cases of temporary facial palsy and no incidence of permanent facial palsy during the study period. However, recurrence of the tumor was noted in 4 patients, all of whom opted for revision surgery with successful outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Parotid surgery for benign disease can be as safely performed in smaller centers as in larger centers. However, our study did not support the view that only a specified single surgeon should do parotid surgery, since there is no significant difference in the major outcome measures between different surgeons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Suppression of the sawtooth instability in a storage ring by free-electron laser: an example of nonlinear stabilization by noise.

The stabilization of nonlinear excitations by noise is a topic of fundamental importance in many physical problems. We discuss a genuine example within the context of storage ring-free electron laser physics, by presenting a model which allows the characterization of the system evolution and the determination of the conditions leading to the suppression of instabilities of sawtooth type. The conclusions of the model are confirmed by a comparison with experimental results on the Super Aco Storage Ring-Free Electron Laser.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Discharge prescriptions following admission for acute myocardial infarction at tertiary care and community hospitals in Quebec.

BACKGROUND: Many physicians are not adhering to the recommendations found in evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Physicians who practise in tertiary care settings may show better adherence to guideline recommendations than physicians who practise in other settings. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between the practice setting of admission for AMI and discharge prescriptions for cardiac drugs recommended in evidence-based guidelines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Discharge prescription data from a prospective cohort of patients with AMI admitted at five tertiary care (n=250) and five community hospitals (n=331) in Quebec from December 1996 to November 1998 were examined. RESULTS: The proportions of patients who were prescribed recommended drugs at tertiary care hospitals compared with those at community hospitals were as follows: beta-blockers (78% versus 74%, respectively; 95% CI around the difference - 4% to 11%), lipid-lowering drugs (45% versus 39%, respectively; 95% CI - 2% to 15%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (44% versus 57%, respectively; 95% CI - 22% to - 5%). In adjusted analyses, practice setting was not associated with the prescription of beta-blockers (odds ratio [OR] for tertiary care 1.36; 95% CI 0.82 to 2.24) or lipid-lowering drugs (OR for tertiary care 1.06; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.68). However, tertiary care admission reduced the likelihood of ACE inhibitor prescription (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.77). This association may have been due to the increased likelihood of ACE inhibitor prescription for patients with hypertension at community hospitals (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.67). The results also showed that older patients were less likely to be prescribed beta-blockers or lipid-lowering drugs, women were less likely to be prescribed beta-blockers and patients with diabetes mellitus were less likely to be prescribed lipid-lowering drugs (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.89). CONCLUSION: No strong association was found between the practice setting of admission for AMI and discharge prescriptions for cardiac drugs recommended in evidence-based guidelines. Prescription rates for recommended drugs were high, yet results suggest that there is room for improvement with regard to patients with diabetes, women and older patients.

Adrenergic Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and associated risk factors in men attending Abidjan's three sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics; (2) to examine the use of such sites for epidemiological surveillance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Abidjan's two main STD clinics (Clinics A and T), and the University Hospital Dermatology outpatients clinic. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients with genitourinary symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of reactivity to HIV-1, HIV-2, and both viruses; descriptive characteristics of clinic attenders; clinical diagnoses of STD; risk factors associated with HIV-1 and HIV-2 positivity. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HIV (HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) infection was 21% (250 out of 1169; 16% HIV-1, 2% HIV-2, 3% dual reactivity). Overall prevalence varied by clinic: University Hospital Dermatology outpatients clinic, 39%; Clinic T, 19%; Clinic A, 10%. Men with STD had an overall prevalence of 31% (155 out of 506), compared with 14% in men without physical signs of STD (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.6). The highest prevalence, 46%, was in men with genital ulcer disease. Risk factors associated with HIV-1 as well as with HIV-2 infection after multivariate analysis were a history of sex with prostitutes, lack of circumcision, being unskilled, and a history of prior genital ulcer. Current genital ulcer, current STD and positive Treponema pallidum haemagluttination assay were associated with HIV-1 and dual reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for HIV-2 infection in men attending Abidjan STD clinics were broadly similar to those for HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 infection was more strongly associated with current STD. Important differences between the three clinics were observed in STD prevalence and type, and HIV seroprevalence. Such differences should be taken into account in the planning of HIV serosurveillance in STD clinics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Plasma osteocalcin concentrations in cattle under various pathophysiological conditions.

Plasma osteocalcin (BGP) concentrations were measured using an homologous radioimmunoassay in plasma samples (n = 6-14 per group) from fetal and newborn calves, 16-month-old heifers and bulls, and pregnant lactating cows. The highest values (nM) (62 +/- 3) were measured in fetal calves and the lowest (15 +/- 3) in 9-year-old pregnant and lactating cows. No significant relationship could be demonstrated between plasma BGP and somatomedin C, or 1,25(OH)2D or calcium concentrations. In eight normally calving cows, parturition was followed by a progressive increase in plasma BGP concentration, maximum 3 days after calving. It returned to prepartum values 10 days later. In six parturient hypocalcaemic and paretic cows, hypocalcaemia occurring within 12 h following calving was associated with a prompt and very transient increase in plasma BGP concentrations. These results indicate that osteocalcin might play a role in the regulation of bone metabolism in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ammonium chloride in the prophylaxis of parturient hypocalcaemia.

Twenty Holstein X Friesian cows weighing 642 +/- 29 kg, were used at the 4th or 5th calving. They received a daily ration offering them 80 g calcium, 80 g inorganic phosphate and 60 g magnesium. Ten of these animals were supplemented with NH4Cl (20 g per animal per day, from the 15th day before calving until the 5th day after calving). This treatment had no significant effect on blood pH, ionised calcium, total calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium and protein levels. Among control and treated animals, three and four cows, respectively, were afflicted with parturient hypocalcaemia. These results demonstrate that in our experimental conditions NH4Cl was completely ineffective in preventing parturient hypocalcaemia.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1975

[Problems posed during surgical repair of a gunshot wound in the mandible].

The authors present a case of a balistic lesion of the labio-mental region after attempted suicide. They expose the different procedures used for its repair and attempt to analyze the problems which arose from the therapeutic standpoint. They lay stress on the necessity to immobilize these mandibular fragments in good occlusion, as rapidly as possibly.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Skull osteology as it affects halo pin placement in children.

Skull bone thicknesses of 18 pediatric skulls were measured by means of computerized tomography scans to determine optimal sites for placement of halo pins. Skulls were grouped to assess changes with age: Group 1, 1-2 years; Group 2, 2-5 years; and Group 3, 5-12 years. At the antero- and posterolateral portions of the calvaria, the average total thickness was 3.7 and 3.9 mm, respectively, in Group 1; this value increased relatively linearly to 6.1 and 5.9 mm, respectively, in Group 3. At the temporal fossa, the average thickness increased from 3.0 mm in infants to 4.1 mm in preteenagers. These findings confirm clinical recommendations that halo fixation pins should be placed anterolaterally and posterolaterally where the bones are thickest.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intra- and extra-pelvic venous connections. Anatomical study].

Regarding to clinical diseases, the authors emphasize the important part of pelvic veins as collateral flows when iliac channels are occluded. They point out the three mains streams of this collateral network: the obturator veins, the gluteal veins, and the pudendal veins. Longitudinal anastomoses are connected each other by transversal veins such as Santorini plexus, and sacral veins; they allow venous supply from one side to the other when two levels or more are involved.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of salivary gland scintigraphy in ear, nose and throat surgery (author's transl)].

Scintigraphy of salivary glands might appear to be a relatively minor test in the study of the morphology of the salivary glands and especially tumours. However, with recent technical progress, it is an extremely useful test in th study of the function of the principal salivary glands. Changes in salivary secretion in certain severe facial paralyses could become an interesting prognostic test; on this subject, the simultaneous abnormalities in sub-maxillary and parotid salivary secretion in these cases of paralyses poses a physiological problem. The study of salivary junction is indispensable in the exploration of aptyalia (in particular in the Sjögren's syndrome), and in sialosis.

Adolescent↗