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Biomedical subjects

R Rosso

Publications and source records attributed to R Rosso.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Idarubicin: an evaluation of cardiac toxicity in 77 patients with solid tumors.

Idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) is a daunorubicin analog that has shown comparable activity and less cardiotoxicity than daunorubicin and doxorubicin in preclinical studies. Phase I and II studies appear to confirm its safety but no definitive conclusion about cardiotoxicity was possible due to the small number of patients in each study. We evaluated 77 patients with advanced solid tumors treated with oral single agent (idarubicin 15 mg/m2 for three days every 4 weeks). Physical examinations and ECGs were performed before every course of treatment and at discontinuation. Eighteen patients also received sequential radionuclide angiocardiographies for evaluation of LVEF. After the administration of a median of 135 mg/m2 of idarubicin (range 45-540), no clinical sign of cardiotoxicity was observed: in three patients minor and transient ECG changes occurred. No significant reduction in mean LVEF values was observed during treatment.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multifactorial analysis of different biological and clinical parameters in breast cancer.

Different biological and clinical parameters were correlated in a consecutive series of breast cancer patients. Age, tumor size, hormonal receptor status, grading and lymph nodal status (N) were taken into account. A linear logistic regression analysis was performed for 83 patients in whom all parameters were known. Lymph nodal involvement was observed more frequently in tumors with a diameter larger than 2 cm (RR = 3.83; p less than 0.05); it was also more frequently observed in undifferentiated tumors (G2-3), although these data were not significant (RR = 2.75). Neither age nor hormonal receptors were related to lymph nodal involvement. A significant relationship between age and estrogen receptors (ER) was found: younger women had a greater frequency of ER negative tumors (RR = 8.81; p less than 0.005). An opposite tendency was found as regards progesterone receptor status (PgR) (RR = 0.20; p less than 0.05), although these data require further confirmation. No obvious correlation was found between tumor size and hormonal receptor content, although in younger patients tumor size seems to influence ER levels: tumors larger than 2 cm were 1.43 times more often ER negative than tumors smaller than 2 cm. There was no correlation between ER and grading, although G3 tumors were found to be ER negative more frequently than others (RR = 1.71; ns) and showed a tendency to be PgR negative (RR greater than 3). Finally, tumors with lower ER levels were more frequently PgR negative (RR = 11.89; p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multidrug chemotherapy (vincristine, bleomycin, and methotrexate [VBM]) with radiotherapy in stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Thirty-three patients with stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck previously untreated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy were given a multidrug cytotoxic regimen, VBM (vincristine, bleomycin, and methotrexate), in combination with radical radiotherapy. Of the 32 evaluable patients, 11 (34.4%) achieved clinical complete response with negative biopsy, 15 (46.8%) achieved partial response, three (9.4%) had no change, and three (9.4%) had disease progression. At 30 months, the actuarial survival rate for complete responders with negative biopsy was 62.2% and the overall survival rate was 30.8%. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity was moderate, but one patient developed life-threatening mucositis and one patient died due to acute renal failure. Our data do not confirm prior more favorable results obtained with the same treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interferons in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

In the past two decades interferons have undergone extensive phase I and II evaluations in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. This article reviews the experience, obtained from preclinical and clinical studies, about the clinical rationale efficacy and toxicity of interferons in cancer treatment. In particular, we examine the preclinical experience in which antineoplastic activity of interferon against breast cancer has been demonstrated. Finally we discuss clinical data accumulated using interferon-alpha, interferon-beta and lymphoblastoid interferon alone or in combination in metastatic breast cancer patients. The use of the interferons in the treatment of breast cancer remains investigational and the optimal scheduling undetermined. New methods of administration may maximize the antitumor effects in order to better understand the role of interferon in clinical oncology.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of delayed emesis with metoclopramide and dexamethasone in patients receiving moderately emetogenic cytotoxic treatment.

Forty-three untreated cancer patients receiving moderately emetogenic polychemotherapy entered a phase II trial in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of metoclopramide (40 mg every 6 hrs) and dexamethasone (8 mg every 12 hrs) in the prevention of delayed emesis (days 2-3). For the control of acute emesis all patients received on day 1 ondansetron 8 mg for 3 times. Results of antiemetic treatment were as follows: complete/major protection from acute emesis (day 1) was observed in 72%/88% of patients. Worst day analysis of delayed emesis (days 2 and 3) showed that complete/major protection was obtained in 93%/95% of cases, respectively. Delayed nausea was not as well controlled: complete/major protection was observed in 44%/79% of patients. Extrapyramidal reactions occurred in 3 patients and moderate epigastric pain was reported by 3 patients. Since control of acute emesis could be one of the most important factors influencing delayed emesis, the absence of acute symptoms in 72% of our patients may be partially responsible for the excellent control of delayed emesis. The combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone is a feasible and effective treatment for delayed emesis in outpatients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

Adult↗