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Biomedical subjects

R Rossi

Publications and source records attributed to R Rossi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Lesions of the duodenum from closed abdominal injury. A case report].

Following a review of the literature, the paper reports a case of duodenal injury. This rare pathology most frequently affects the second half of the organ and may cause damage ranging from a simple hematoma to parietal laceration with peritonitis and/or retroperitonitis. Symptoms are often confusing and delayed, and together with chemical and instrumental tests do not always allow an early diagnosis to be made. Treatment varies according to the type of lesion and its location, and is often secondary to the general condition of the patient. Postoperative mortality appears to be limited to 11% if laparatomy is performed early (within 24 hours).

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Discussion of a case].

The paper reports a case of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (3rd type) associated with poststenotic aneurysm with a single painful ischemic attack. Diagnosis was made following an accurate anamnesis and clinical examination using invasive and non-invasive instruments. Surgical therapy consisted of resection of the gastrocnemius muscle followed by a graft to the self inverted saphena vein.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Respiratory emergencies in childhood].

The most important maneuvers of primary treatment of respiratory emergencies in childhood are the securement of free airways, provision of oxygen and (medicamentous) tranquilization of the child. The most common causes of these emergencies are fulminant (infectious) diseases of the upper and lower airways, a particularly significant aspect being the considerable mucosal swelling as compared with adults. Aspiration of foreign bodies is a further cause of acute, life-threatening respiratory distress. Treatment requires a systematic examination and circumspection to achieve in the shortest time adequate temporary improvement until more extensive measures can be performed in the hospital.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1991

Candida albicans-specific Ly-2+ lymphocytes with cytolytic activity.

To determine whether antigen (Ag)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are generated during experimental Candida albicans infection, purified L3T4+ and Ly-2+ lymphocytes from immunized mice were cultured in the presence of syngeneic accessory cells, C. albicans Ag, and interleukin 2. Yeast-infected bone marrow macrophages were used as target cells in a standard 51Cr-release assay. Freshly isolated L3T4+ and Ly-2+ lymphocytes failed to lyse either target cell type. However, Ag-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted lysis of infected macrophages was evident with immune Ly-2+ cells after 7-10 days in culture. The cultured cells were greater than 98% Thy-1+, CD3+, L3T4-, Ly-2+, T cell receptor alpha/beta + T cells, and their lytic activity was potentiated by the addition of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. At limiting effector cell numbers, Ag-specific MHC-restricted lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity against infected macrophages could be identified. We suggest that C. albicans infection stimulates multiple cytotoxic cell precursors with varying recognition stringency, which include MHC class I-restricted, Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vasopressin increases blood glucose in pygmy goats (Capra hircus) by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism.

1. Twelve adult pygmy goats were used to investigate the mechanism of vasopressin (VP) induced hyperglycaemia. 2. VP (0.4 microgram/kg or 0.75 microgram/kg body weight) injected i.p. produced a long lasting hyperglycaemia. 3. This hyperglycaemia was partly reversed by alpha-adrenergic antagonists with an affinity to alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors (phentolamine) or to alpha 2-adrenergic receptors (yohimbine). An alpha 1-adrenergic agonist (xylometazoline) produced a short-term hyperglycaemia. 4. The ganglion blocking agent hexamethonium also reversed VP's hyperglycaemic effect. 5. It is concluded that VP's hyperglycaemic effect in pygmy goats is due to an increase in sympathetic outflow and not to a direct action on the liver.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1991

[Physical characteristics of devices for artificial respiration].

Expired air resuscitation forms an essential part of First Aid in patients with respiratory insufficiency. The use of devices should encourage the rescuer to start the measure, make it easier to perform and protect him from a possible transmission of infectious material. 17 devices (mask, tube instruments) were examined in respect of their physical properties (resistance, leakage). None of them fulfilled all the criteria relevant for their use. In most of them changes and modifications seem to be necessary. Mask and tube instruments have definitive disadvantages compared to foil-like adjuncts which are being developed at present.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Effects of intravenous endothelin on hemodynamics and cardiac contractility in conscious Milan normotensive rats.

The effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on hemodynamics and cardiac contractility were compared with the responses to angiotensin I (AI) and phenylephrine (PE) in Milan normotensive rats. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of ET-1 (0.8 nmol/kg) initially decreased mean blood pressure (MBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and dP/dt (-28 +/- 2, -34.8 +/- 3.7, and -9.4 +/- 1.3%, p less than 0.01, respectively), and increased heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and the velocity of myocardial anterior wall shortening (dL/dt) (11.8 +/- 2.1, 10.4 +/- 2.9, and 28.3 +/- 8.3% p less than 0.05, respectively). These effects were followed by a sustained increase in MBP and TPR and a decrease in CO. As compared with AI (0.25 nmol/kg) and PE (35 nmol/kg), which produced a similar degree of increase in TPR, the reduction in CO induced by ET-1 was more prominent (-25 +/- 2 by ET-1 vs. -14 +/- 2 by AI and -14 +/- 3% by PE, p less than 0.05, respectively). Moreover, ET-1 induced a significant decrease in dP/dt, shortening fraction (SF), and dL/dt (-6.1 +/- 1.6, -35.0 +/- 3.8, and -38.6 +/- 5.5%, p less than 0.01, respectively), whereas these indexes of left ventricle performance were not affected by either AI or PE. Furthermore, the reduction in SF induced by ET-1 was mainly due to the decrease in myocardial diastolic segment length, suggesting reduction in diastolic filling volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1991

Latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty in severe congestive heart failure: the Lyon experience.

Eleven male patients, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III, have undergone cardiomyoplasty (Chachques and Carpentier technique). There were no deaths. Two patients suffered from low cardiac output, one patient suffered a massive aortic bifurcation embolism, and one patient had a Legionella pneumonia. All patients recovered well. The follow-up was 6.9 +/- 2.3 months. One patient had a Cardiomyostimulator Pulse Train Generator failure and had it replaced. The first seven patients were evaluated 6 months after surgery. They all improved (Class II) except for one, who was transplanted. The maximal level of exercise was improved (92 +/- 18 W vs 60 +/- 24 W), as was the heart rate-systolic blood pressure product (30,262 +/- 3,119 vs 19,908 +/- 4,190), mainly due to an increase in systolic blood pressure (200.0 +/- 25.5 vs 141.5 +/- 20.3 mmHg). Echographic parameters, maximal oxygen consumption, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac index, oxygen arteriovenous difference, and cardiac filling pressures did not change. The left ventricular (LV) angiography always showed good contraction of the latissimus dorsi. A problem needing investigation is the principle of cardiomyoplasty (CMP) itself, as the muscle acts more as a lift than as pincers. Our patients, and patients from other series, improved functionally, and they exercised more. Improvement in survival can be studied only by a randomized clinical trial.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Stimulatory effect of angiotensin II upon luteinizing hormone release normal women.

In this study we investigated the effect of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (AII) on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in fertile healthy women examined both in the middle follicular phase (MFP) and in the middle luteal phase (MLP). As expected, AII induced a significant increase in blood pressure and plasma aldosterone concentration. In MFP, plasma FSH and LH levels did not show any significant change after AII infusion, if compared to both saline and preinfusion basal values. In MLP, AII significantly increased plasma LH (p less than 0.02 vs. baseline values and p less than 0.01 vs. placebo values), but not plasma FSH. The area under the curve during AII infusion resulted significantly higher than during placebo infusion (p less than 0.001). Therefore, these data demonstrate that peripherally injected AII at pressive dose produces an increase in plasma LH levels in normal women on luteal phase when the circulating concentrations of both estradiol and progesterone are high. The study suggests that AII may have a stimulatory role in the regulation of LH secretion, but this role is closely related to the gonadal steroid plasma levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Somatostatin reduces 3H-thymidine incorporation and c-myc, but not thyroglobulin ribonucleic acid levels in human thyroid follicular cells in vitro.

The action of somatostatin (SRIH) on 3H-thymidine (thy) incorporation and on c-myc and thyroglobulin RNA levels in a suspension of follicles from normal and goitrous human thyroid was examined. SRIH, at 10(-7) M concentration, inhibited basal thy incorporation (maximally by 4 h lasting for up 24 h), which effect was greater in goiter than in normal thyroid and was also detected in growing adherent epithelial cells. Moreover, in a follicle suspension SRIH prevented TSH-stimulated thy incorporation, both in normal and in goitrous thyroid. Basal expression of c-myc RNA was not affected by SRIH in either tissue, whereas the TSH-stimulated c-myc RNA level was significantly reduced in goiter. No effect of SRIH was observed on basal or TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin RNA levels. SRIH did not alter basal cAMP concentrations in normal or goitrous follicles, but it significantly reduced TSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation both in normal thyroid and in goiter. Overall, our data indicate a direct inhibitory action of SRIH on growth, but not on differentiation, of human thyroid, probably by a mechanism not entirely cAMP dependent.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1991

Differential inhibition of IL-1 beta activities and receptor binding by monoclonal antibodies mapping within a discrete region of the protein.

The importance of the region in position 148-192 for the biological activities and receptor-binding capacity of the human IL-1 beta protein has been assessed by the use of mAbs. Four mAbs have been used, which recognize different epitopes within the 148-192 region. None of the mAbs could inhibit binding of IL-1 beta to IL-1RI (expressed on T cells and fibroblasts), suggesting that the 148-192 region does not contain IL-1RI binding sites. Conversely, mAbs Vhp20 (recognizing the fragment 166-169) and BRhD2 (directed to an epitope in the sequence 177-186) recognize sites partially involved in binding to IL-1RII (expressed on B cells, macrophages, and PMN). Only mAbs BRhD2 and FIB 1 (which recognizes an epitope in the sequence 174-186) can inhibit IL-1 beta-induced thymocyte proliferation, whereas all four can inhibit the adjuvant capacity of IL-1 beta in vivo. It is concluded that the region 148-192 encompasses domains important for T cell activation but not for binding to the IL-1RI on T cells, others involved in immunostimulation in vivo, and others important for binding to IL-1RII, although not directly involved in it.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetics of defibrotide in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis].

Defibrotide pharmacokinetics were studied in 6 voluntary healthy subjects and in 10 uremic patients undergoing dialysis during which (instead of heparin) defibrotide was administered to prevent fibrino-formation in the circuit. Blood concentrations of the drug were assessed (expressed with reference to the residual glycidic deoxyribose) during a standard dialysis using defibrotide, 3.5, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes after the defibrotide bolus (200 mg) had been injected into the arterial channel. The half-lives of the alpha and beta plasmatic phases were found to be equal at 3.79 and 41.4 min in dialysed subjects and at 1.13 and 16.54 in healthy volunteers. These results indicate that in uremic patients undergoing dialysis at intervals using defibrotide, a longer time is required to eliminate the drug from the circulation. This variation does not however appear to be significant in terms of the therapeutic use of the drug during dialysis.

Adult↗