[Use of collagen cubes for local hemostasis in oral surgery].
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Administration, Topical↗
Biomedical subjects
R Rolland
Publications and source records attributed to R Rolland.
Hormonal characteristics of women with clinical features of the polycystic ovary syndrome.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether a group of patients selected on the basis of clinical features only is characterized by the typical hormonal findings as discussed in the literature concerning the PCO-syndrome. PCO patients had oligomenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea or otherwise evidence of chronic anovulation, as well as hirsutism and/or obesity. Control women had regular menstrual cycles and a normal body weight. Since androgen and estrogen production in women depends on the stage of follicular development, an effort was made to obtain endocrinological data under standardized conditions. Under well-defined circumstances the PCO group (n = 20) had higher LH levels and lower FSH levels as compared with the control group (n = 10). Consequently the LH/FSH ratio was significantly elevated in the PCO group. Serum estrone and estradiol levels were significantly elevated in the PCO group, as were the serum levels of androstenedione and testosterone. Despite these differences a marked degree of overlap existed in the PCO patients and the control women for gonadotropin, estrogen and androgen levels. It was concluded that although the presence of polycystic ovaries in the investigated PCO group of women was not confirmed by laparoscopy, laparotomy or histological examination of the ovaries, these women had basal endocrinological characteristics similar to those found in well-proven PCO patients reported in the literature.
Adult↗
Pituitary and ovarian responses to LHRH stimulation in women with clinical features of the polycystic ovary syndrome.
The gonadotrophin release and the changes in ovarian and adrenal steroid levels following the administration of a low dose of LHRH were assessed in a group of women with clinical features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO syndrome). The results were compared with those obtained in a group of normal ovulatory women. A significant increase in LH and FSH levels and a decrease in cortisol concentrations were demonstrated in both study groups following the administration of LHRH. The LH response was significantly exaggerated in the PCO group when compared with the control women. The estrone and estradiol levels did not change in either group. The androstenedione and testosterone concentrations did not change or decreased in the control group, whereas an increase of these hormones was seen in the PCO group. In the PCO group a positive correlation between the LH response and the androstenedione response was noticed. These findings indicate that the hyperandrogenic state encountered in PCO patients is at least in part of ovarian origin.
Adult↗
Treatment of infertile women with a deficient postcoital test with two antiestrogens: clomiphene and tamoxifen.
Twenty-two infertile women with repeated deficient results in the postcoital test received clomiphene citrate or tamoxifen. The patterns of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone were examined during the follicular and periovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle, as were the cervical mucus characteristics. Under clomiphene treatment, an overproduction of E2 was observed (P less than 0.01), which did not result in an improvement of the cervical mucus characteristics. The pH of the endocervical mucus was lower (P less than 0.01). Under tamoxifen treatment, the serum E2 levels were higher (P less than 0.05) and normalized. Higher spermatozoa penetration meter scores were observed during the preovulatory and periovulatory periods, whereas the pH of the endocervical mucus was not lowered. These data support that tamoxifen may be preferential to clomiphene in treating this kind of infertile woman.
Adult↗
Pituitary gonadotropin responses to different modes and doses of intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone administration in normal men.
In 22 potentially fertile men, pituitary gonadotropin secretion was investigated by intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) administration. LH-RH was administered continuously (1 microgram/minute) and in a pulsatile fashion (20 micrograms at 20-minute intervals, 20 micrograms at 60-minute intervals, and 60 micrograms at 60-minute intervals), for 3 hours, under standardized conditions. Blood was collected continuously by means of an integrated sampling technique. The mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration after any type of pulsatile administration rose significantly more than after continuous LH-RH administration. The mean increase in LH after pulsatile LH-RH administration with a 60-micrograms dose and 60-minute intervals was significantly greater than after pulsatile administration with a 20-micrograms dose and 20- or 60-minute intervals. No differences were observed in follicle-stimulating hormone responses after any type of LH-RH administration. These data confirm the existence of a self-priming effect for LH in the men; and maximum pituitary stimulation, within the dosage range tested, is reached after pulsatile LH-RH stimulation with an interval of 60 minutes.
Adult↗
Differential effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone infusion on testicular steroids in normal men and patients with idiopathic oligospermia.
Basal serum gonadotropin levels in 11 oligospermic men were significantly higher than in 9 euspermic control subjects, although most were still in the normal range. Basal serum testosterone (T), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and estradiol levels and their ratios did not differ significantly. Continuous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) infusion (1 microgram/minute for 180 minutes) during integrated blood sampling evoked similar gonadotropin responses in both groups but had a differential effect on T: in the control subjects T increased (P less than 0.01) within 15 minutes to 1.5 times baseline, whereas in the oligospermic men T decreased (P less than 0.01). From 60 minutes on, however, T also significantly rose in the oligospermic men, but the maximum increment was about half lower (P less than 0.01) than in the euspermic men, despite virtually similar rises in 17-OHP. Only in the oligospermic men did the 17-OHP/T ratio increase (P less than 0.02) during LH-RH, which is compatible with the occurrence of a 17,20-lyase block. Serum estradiol did not increase in either group. In conclusion, continuous LH-RH infusion uncovers an intrinsic difference in acute Leydig cell stimulation between euspermic and oligospermic men.
Adult↗
Haemostatic and fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal fluid in the menstrual cycle.
The haemostatic and fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal fluid aspirated during laparoscopy were studied in a group of 49 women, 12 patients during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and 37 during the luteal phase. Haemoglobin concentration and platelet count were low and similar in the pre- and post-ovulatory groups. Factor VIII was present in low concentrations both in the pre- and post-ovulatory period. The fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic activity as judged by measurements of plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, fibrinogen degradation products, fibrinogen and antithrombin III, rose significantly in the postovulatory period. It is concluded that the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneal fluid depends on the stage of the menstrual cycle and is higher during the luteal phase.
Adult↗
Induction of ovulation with pulsatile LH-RH in infertile women.
In five women who had demonstrated repeatedly ovulatory cycles with insufficient luteal phases ovulation was supported by continuous intermittent administration of LH-RH, 5 micrograms per 90 min, intravenously by means of a portable pump. All 18 induced cycles were ovulatory. The production of progesterone rose by 75% to 51 nM/l during the midluteal phase. The duration of the luteal phase increased with 49% to 14 days. One patient became pregnant, but aborted spontaneously 20 days postovulatory. The only major side effect seen was an occasional superficial thrombophlebitis.
Adult↗
[Intermittent administration of LH-RH using an automatic infusion pump: a new method of ovulation induction].
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Adult↗
The effect of pulsatile and continuous intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone administration on pituitary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release in normal men.
In 14 healthy, potentially fertile men, pituitary gonadotropin responses were studied under standardized conditions. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was given as a continuous infusion of 1 microgram/minute for 4 hours or in a pulsatile fashion with 20 micrograms as an intravenous bolus at intervals of 20 minutes for 4 hours. Blood was collected continuously by means of an integrated sampling technique. The mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration showed an oscillating pattern around a plateau level reached within 45 minutes during continuous LH-RH administration. During pulsatile infusion, an identical pattern for the first 45 minutes was observed with, thereafter, a continuous increase from 105 minutes until the end of the infusion. The mean increase in the serum LH level during pulsatile administration was significantly higher (P = 0.00001) than the mean increase seen during continuous infusion. The follicle-stimulating hormone concentration revealed a gradual progressive increase after both methods of stimulation, without a significant difference in the mean increase between the two types of administration. This study demonstrates the existence of a self-priming effect of LH after pulsatile LH-RH administration in the man like that in the woman.
Adult↗
Hormonal patterns in infertile women with a deficient postcoital test.
Twenty-two women in whom a routine infertility workup had shown no abnormality except for repeated deficient results in the postcoital test (PCT), the patterns of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were examined during the follicular and periovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus (CM) characteristics were also investigated during the pre- and periovulatory phases and scored using a CM score and a sperm penetration meter (SPM) score. The results were compared with those of a control group of seven women with proven fertility. No differences were found between the CM scores of both groups, whereas the SPM score was lower (P less than 0.1) in the infertile group. The preovulatory serum levels of E2 were lower (P less than 0.1) in the infertile group, while the serum levels of PRL (P less than 0.1) and FSH (P less than 0.1) were constantly higher in this group. The mean serum levels of LH and P were almost equal in the two groups. It is concluded that a deficient result in the PCT can be indicative of deviated hormonal patterns in an infertile woman even when the routine fertility investigation is suggestive of a normal ovulatory cycle.
Adult↗
The influence of exogenous oestradiol benzoate on the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH during the puerperium in women.
The FSH and LH compared to 25 micrograms LHRH was measured in lactating women and the results compared to a similar group in whom lactation was suppressed by administration of bromocriptine shortly after delivery. The response was also measured in both groups after "challenge" with oestradiol benzoate. In lactating women the FSH response to LHRH was diminished following the oestradiol challenge, as compared with that in unchallenged women. At the same time the LH responses were low in both circumstances, indicating a negative feedback effect of oestradiol. However, the oestradiol challenge resulted in a significantly increased response of FSH and LH to LHRH in bromocriptine-treated puerperal women, i.e. a positive feedback effect of oestradiol. We concluded that this and previous experiments favour the hypothesis that the lactational amenorrhoea during hyperprolactinaemia is caused by hypothalamic changes due to a predominance of the negative feedback system.
Estradiol↗
Cortisol, 17 alpha-OH, progesterone and androgen responses to a standardized ACTH-stimulation in different stages of the normal menstrual cycle.
The release of cortisol, 17 alpha-OH-progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone during a standardized ACTH-stimulation test was investigated in three different stage of the normal menstrual cycle, to conclude if there is any stage dependency on the release of these hormones. No statistically significant differences were observed between the three stages concerning cortisol and testosterone increase. The increase of androstenedione in the pre-ovulatory stage was significantly high than that seen during the early follicular phase of the cycle. The increase of 17 alpha-OH-progesterone in the luteal phase was significantly less than that of both the early and late follicular stages of the cycle. Progesterone levels showed a small, but significant increase after ACTH-stimulation, in both the early and late stage of the follicular phase. However, the levels remained within the normal range of the follicular phase. In the luteal phase no increase was seen after ACTH-stimulation. Oestradiol-17 beta levels did not change at all after ACTH stimulation. The stage dependency of androstenedione and 17 alpha-OH-progesterone is discussed. The described stage-dependency different increase of 17 alpha-OH-progesterone release can be of importance when the results of ACTH-tests are evaluated to detect carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Adrenal Glands↗
Concentrations of unconjugated oestradiol and progesterone in blood plasma and prostaglandins F-2 alpha and E-2 in oviducts of hamsters during the oestrous cycle and in early pregnancy.
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Animals↗
Oxytocin enhances onset of lactation among mothers delivering prematurely.
In a double-blind group sequential trial the efficiency of an oxytocin nasal spray in enhancing lactation was studied during the first five days after delivery in women who had given birth prematurely. The cumulative volume of breast milk obtained between the second and fifth days after delivery was 3.5 times greater in primiparas given oxytocin than in primiparas given placebo. There was no significant difference in the composition of the milk between the untreated women and those given oxytocin. The results of this study show that oxytocin nasal spray is an effective and safe means of enhancing lactation in women using a breast pump.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Ovulation, ovum transport and implantation in the adult golden hamster.
The time of ovulation in various hamster colonies and its relationship with the period of light as reported in the literature was compared with the observations made in this study. Ovulation and transport of ova to the oviduct was studied during days 4 and 1 of the estrous cycle. Microscopical examination of the various oviducal segments for the presence of ova resulted in a detailed description of physiological ovum transport for the adult golden hamster. Simultaneously the developmental stages of ova were checked together with the occurrence of unfertilized ova and the percentage of ova implanted in the uterus. Finally, the contractility of the oviduct in vitro was observed for groups of animals at different times in the pre- and postovulatory period. The presented data indicate that the golden hamster is useful for the study of ovum transport processes. This is due to the regularity of its estrous cycle including multiple ovulations, and because ovum transport can easily be monitored microscopically with a high degree of reliability.
Animals↗
Salicylazosulfapyridine and male infertility.
Recently, several reports have suggested that salicylazosulfapyridine causes a reduction in semen quality in patients with ulcerative colitis. After withdrawal of the drug pregnancies have been reported. The aim of this report is to offer additional data to the discussion on the deleterious effect of salicylazosulfapyridine on semen quality. Two case reports are presented with a review of the literature.
Adult↗