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Biomedical subjects

R Ries

Publications and source records attributed to R Ries.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Response to diazepam in sons of alcoholics.

Alcohol exerts several of its actions via the chloride channel associated with the central GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. To explore a possible role for this receptor complex in risk for alcoholism, and to determine whether risk for alcoholism is associated with risk for benzodiazepine abuse, the authors administered intravenous diazepam to 18 sons of male alcoholics (SOAs) and 18 control subjects. Four logarithmically increasing doses of diazepam and matched volumes of placebo were given in randomized order on separate days about 1 week apart. SOAs were significantly more likely than controls to report euphoric responses to diazepam. At some diazepam doses, SOAs were more likely to report feeling "high" and "intoxicated." SOAs and controls did not differ in feeling "drugged." SOAs and controls may differ in expectations regarding the subjective effects of drugs and/or in the function of the central GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. These findings also add further evidence for increased pleasurable effects, and thus possibly increased risk for benzodiazepine abuse, in a subgroup of SOAs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the intensity and duration of effects of inhaled bitolterol and albuterol on airway caliber and airway responsiveness to histamine.

Inhaled beta-agonists can produce bronchodilatation and reduce airway hyperreactivity in patients with asthma. Using these two measures, we compared inhaled bitolterol (three puffs, 1110 micrograms), albuterol (two puffs, 180 micrograms), and placebo administered by metered-dose inhaler in a blinded, crossover study of 40 subjects with chronic asthma. On each study day, subjects underwent histamine challenges at 1 1/2 hours before, and 1/2, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after inhaling one of the three test-drug treatments. Both drugs produced significant bronchodilatation at 30 minutes through 4 hours and significant effects on airway reactivity at 30 minutes through 2 hours (p less than 0.05). Bitolterol also produced small but significant bronchodilator effects at 6 hours and effects on airway reactivity at 4 hours (p less than 0.05). Effects of bitolterol on airway reactivity diminished significantly more slowly than effects of albuterol in subjects with baseline provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/ml of histamine (half-life of biologic effect 1.37 versus 0.92 hours; p less than 0.05) but not in subjects with baseline provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 less than or equal to 1.0 mg/ml (half-life of biologic effect of 1.01 versus 1.00 hours; p greater than 0.05).

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Delayed hypertension with electroconvulsive therapy.

A 74-year-old woman with essential hypertension underwent a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of psychotic depression. Her treatments were associated with delayed and significant hypertension. Clonidine, which controlled her baseline blood pressure, was inadequate in treating her post-ECT hypertension. Acute treatment with hydralazine also failed. Labetalol, a short-acting beta-blocking agent with some alpha-1 blocking activity, worked well both acutely (intravenously) and orally to manage essential and ECT-induced hypertension.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1988

[Situs inversus of the lungs, heart and liver in a bull].

It is reported on a situs inversus in the thoracic cavity as well as the liver of a 18 months old fattened bull. The position of the organs is the reflected image to their position in the situs solitus. Up to now a situs inversus in the thorax of the bovine race has not been described yet.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Use of bronchial provocation with histamine to compare the pharmacodynamics of inhaled albuterol and metaproterenol in patients with asthma.

Because measurement of effects on airway responsiveness may have advantages over the study of bronchodilatation for the evaluation of the effects of inhaled beta 2-agents, we developed a method using airway responsiveness for the independent quantitation of the relative potencies and rates of decline in effect of these drugs. This methodology was applied to the evaluation and comparison of inhaled metaproterenol and albuterol. The effects of two different doses of each drug (one and two inhalations of albuterol and two and four inhalations of metaproterenol from commercially available metered-dose inhalers) were compared with a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 13 subjects. The effects of metaproterenol and albuterol declined at rates that were not significantly different. However, based on the effects on activity ratio at 30 minutes, each puff of metaproterenol was an estimated 0.37 times as potent as each puff of albuterol (95% confidence limits, 0.22 to 0.52). In recommended two puff doses, measurable effects of albuterol persisted longer than effects of metaproterenol. However, this appears to be because of a greater initial effectiveness of two puffs of albuterol rather than differences in the rates at which the effects of the two drugs declined with time. Airway responsiveness thus appears to be a useful tool for evaluating inhaled beta 2-agonists and designing beta 2-agonist dosing regimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Corrosion anatomical studies of the blood vessel system of the mare ovary].

The ovary of the mare is vascularized by two branches of the A. ovarica, which differ in diameter. They take a characteristic course in this organ. Near the ovulation fossa several branches of 1st and 2nd class leave the A. ovarica to provide the functional structures. These vessels are formed like a corkscrew. At the veins and its ramifications there are sphincter-like structures which support the venous valves. They are of haemodynamic importance for the different phases of the functional structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Schizophrenia.

The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia have been extensively changed by the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, recently adopted by the American Psychiatric Association (DSM III). To receive this diagnosis, the patient must have onset of illness before age 45 years, have had a chronic course, manifest the presence of characteristic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, or loose associations during a phase of the illness, and have experienced a downhill social and vocational course; affective disorders and organic brain syndrome must be carefully excluded. The utilization of this "narrow" definition has caused a major shift toward increasing the diagnosis of affective disorders and decreasing the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the United States. The etiology of schizophrenia is still uncertain, but recent research has elucidated one subgroup of schizophrenic patients who have subtle indices of neurological damage and a clinical course similar to that found in dementia. Dopamine excess in the mesolimbic system is the predominant inferred cause for the majority of schizophrenia cases, and antipsychotic medications all rely on dopamine receptor blockade for their efficacy. Antipsychotic medications are effective in schizophrenia but are less potent against such negative symptoms as apathy, neglect of personal hygiene, and social withdrawal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Electroconvulsive therapy following pituitary surgery.

A 39-year-old female with a history of three psychotic episodes in 6 months developed Cushingoid features and catatonia. Despite the surgical removal of a pituitary basophil adenoma and treatment with neurleptics, her catatonia worsened. Electroconvulsive therapy provided rapid, life-saving relief for this patient. Patient characteristics are discussed and treatment recommendations provided.

Adenoma, Basophil↗