Gottfried sum from the ratio F2n/F2p.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
R Rieger
Publications and source records attributed to R Rieger.
Isolation of mutants defective in early steps of meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Using a selection based upon the ability of early Rec- mutations (e.g., rad50) to rescue the meiotic lethality of a rad52 spo13 strain, we have isolated 177 mutants. Analysis of 56 of these has generated alleles of the known Rec genes SPO11, ME14 and MER1, as well as defining five new genes: REC102, REC104, REC107, REC113 and REC114. Mutations in all of the new genes appear to specifically affect meiosis; they do not have any detectable mitotic phenotype. Mutations in REC102, REC104 and REC107 reduce meiotic recombination several hundred fold. No alleles of RED1 or HOP1 were isolated, consistent with the proposal that these genes may be primarily involved with chromosome pairing and not exchange.
Alleles↗
[A school for patients in long-term hospital care in Ulm].
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Child↗
[Value of preoperative fine needle puncture cytology in the diagnosis of highly malignant thyroid tumors].
Highly malignant thyroid tumours are frequently diagnosed only at an advanced stage where radical resection is no longer feasible. By the wide application of fine needle aspiration biopsy as a diagnostic tool in nodular thyroid diseases occasionally early stages of these tumours can be diagnosed. Despite early detection in 23% of our patients with anaplastic carcinomas and sarcomas of the thyroid gland and subsequent radical resection an improvement in the long-term outcome was not achieved. In contrast, thyroidectomy and appropriate oncologial therapy may result in long-term survival of patients with early stages of thyroid lymphomas.
Adult↗
Involvement of phytochelatins in NiCl2-triggered protection against induction of chromatid aberrations by TEM and MH in Vicia faba root tip meristems?
Conditioning treatment of Vicia faba root tip meristem cells with NiCl2 prior to challenge treatment with triethylenemelamine (TEM) or maleic hydrazide (MH) triggered protective functions against both these clastogens, i.e., resulted in a significantly reduced yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations. Protection was prevented by pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSI), an inhibitor of the synthesis of plant phytochelatins (PCs), indicating that the NiCl2-triggered PC synthesis may be involved in the protective functions induced by NiCl2 conditioning treatment. BSI (instead of NiCl2) conditioning treatment triggered protection against MH but not against TEM.
Buthionine Sulfoximine↗
Repair of bleomycin-induced DNA double-strand breaks in Vicia faba.
As detected by neutral DNA elution, bleomycin induced at the concentrations tested (5, 10 and 50 micrograms/ml) DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs) in in vitro cultured embryos of V. faba. Most of these breaks were repaired during a 4-h incubation period after treatment. Dsbs also occurred after treatment with 2.5 and 5 mM of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) but in contrast to those induced by bleomycin, these dsbs remained unrepaired during the 4-h incubation period following the treatment.
Bleomycin↗
Heat shock and other stress response systems of plants.
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Heat-Shock Proteins↗
Hyperthyroidism and concurrent thyroid malignancies.
In a 17-year period 1848 patients with hyperthyroidism were operated on. Fourteen (0.76%) had a coexisting thyroid malignancy. Preoperative scintiscan and pathologic diagnoses were compared: 10 malignancies were in cold nodules, two were unidentifiable preoperatively due to small size, and two were in hot areas. Five patients had papillary cancer, four follicular, three anaplastic, and two medullary. Patients with uninodular toxic goiter had a low rate of associated malignancy (0.27%, 3/1108). In contrast, patients with multinodular toxic goiter had an incidence of 1.63% (11/676). No patient with Graves' disease (n = 64) had a carcinoma. Extensive use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy enabled preoperative diagnosis in a majority of the cases (9/14, 64%). We conclude that the incidence of coexisting thyroid malignancy and hyperthyroidism is rare in our endemic iodine-deficiency goiter area.
Adult↗
[Can the rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis be reduced by a modified surgical technic in struma surgery?].
The surgical technique used in thyroidectomy is of decisive importance for the rate of recurrent nerve injury. The latter was reduced from 4.9 to 2.2 per cent by surgical treatment without opening of the retrothyroid connective tissue space and without ligature of the inferior thyroid artery.
Female↗
[Current aspects of prevention of struma recurrence].
Prevention of struma recurrence is a major aspect in postoperative management, following struma surgery. Prophylaxis is based on substitution of L-thyroxine, depending on TSH levels. The latter should be somewhere between 0.5 and 2.0 microU/ml. The rate of struma recurrence was below two per cent.
Adenoma↗
Promutagen activation by Vicia faba: an assay based on the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Plant activation of promutagens was studied using Vicia faba S10 (in vitro activation) and the extracts prepared from promutagen-treated roots of Vicia faba (in vivo activation). The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells was used as an endpoint to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of promutagens activated by Vicia faba. Cyclophosphamide and ethyl alcohol were activated both by Vicia S10 and by the Vicia extracts, and their activation resulted in an increase in SCEs. Benzo[a]pyrene, 2-aminofluorene, and maleic hydrazide were not activated. Aniline was activated, but without effect on the induction of SCEs. The activation capacity in vitro and in vivo of Vicia faba was not very pronounced, except for the activation of ethyl alcohol, when compared with that of rat-liver S9, and showed differences in activation for the 6 chemical agents tested.
Animals↗
Effects of novobiocin on heat shock protection against chromatid aberration induction by triethylenemelamine (TEM) and maleic hydrazide (MH) in Vicia faba.
Heat shock (10 min 40 degrees C) prior to challenge treatment with triethylenemelamine (TEM) or maleic hydrazide (MH) significantly reduced the frequency of induced chromatid aberrations in Vicia faba main root meristems. Novobiocin treatment before heat shock did not prevent heat shock protection against both clastogens; novobiocin application after heat shock prevented protective effects. These results and those obtained earlier for heat shock protection against X-ray challenge are used to discuss possible causes underlying the protective effects triggered by heat shock.
Chromosome Aberrations↗
Effects of ethidium bromide and nalidixic acid pretreatment on the induction of chromatid aberrations by TEM and maleic hydrazide in Vicia faba main root meristems.
Pretreatment of Vicia faba main root meristems with ethidium bromide (EB) or nalidixic acid (NA) significantly reduced the yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations induced by maleic hydrazide (MH), i.e., triggered clastogenic adaptation to MH. No such protection occurred when the alkylating agent triethylenemelamine (TEM) was used for challenge treatment. The differential response of pretreated cells to MH on the one hand (protection) and to TEM (no protection) on the other supports the conclusion that clastogenic adaptation is due to different inducible (repair?) functions, which eventually exert protection against clastogenic impacts.
Chromatids↗
Induction of chromatid aberrations by TEM and maleic hydrazide is differently affected by pretreatment of Vicia faba root-tip meristems with methyl iodide.
Treatment of Vicia faba main root meristems with methyl iodide (MeI) 2 h before challenge treatment with triethylene melamine (TEM) significantly reduced the yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations, i.e., resulted in clastogenic adaptation. Combined treatment with MeI and TEM increased the aberration yield; MeI treatment alone (10(-3) M, 0.5 h) was without clastogenic effect. No protective effects were observed after MeI pretreatment and challenge treatment by maleic hydrazide (MH). The data obtained in V. faba are compared to those previously reported for E. coli.
Chromatids↗
Effects of benzamide pretreatment on clastogenic adaptation of Vicia faba root-tip meristem cells to triethylenemelamine (TEM) and maleic hydrazide (MH).
Clastogenic adaptation to TEM or MH no longer occurred when benzamide, an inhibitor of nuclear ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT), was applied prior to the low dose (conditioning) treatment which triggers this phenomenon. This may be indicative that inducible processes connected with ribosylation reactions are involved in the protective effects exerted by clastogenic adaptation. No increase by benzamide pretreatment was observed in the yield of metaphases with TEM- or MH-induced chromatid aberrations after conditioning and challenge treatment, respectively. High benzamide concentrations (1 h, 5 X 10(-3) M) exerted protective effects against TEM challenging but not against MH.
Benzamides↗
[Hartmann incontinuity resection in emergency treatment of perforated sigmoid diverticulitis].
Emergency operations were performed on 20 patients for perforated sigma diverticulitis with diffuse (n = 15) or locally delimited (n = 5) peritonitis, between 1979 and June 1986. The average age of the patients was 65.7 years. Sigma resection with closure of the rectosigmoid and colostomy, that is Hartmann's operation, was performed on all of them. The postoperative lethality was as high as 45 per cent (nine patients), but this was not attributable to complications for which the surgical method had to be blamed. Only one patient died of anastomosis dehiscence, following additional resection of part of the small intestine. All the other deaths (n = 8) had been caused by internal organic complications. Hence, lethality is believed to be controllable only by close cooperation from the very beginning between surgeon and specialist in intensive therapy. Re-anastomosis (generally three months from primary operation) can be simplified by means of mechanical staplers, with the risk being reduced to nearly nil. These are benefits that support the recommendation of Hartmann's operation as an emergency approach to perforated sigma diverticulitis. It can be performed even by the less experienced surgeon on night duty.
Abdomen, Acute↗
[Effect of a modified struma resection technic on the rate of lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve].
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury still remains the major problem in thyroid gland surgery and is influenced both by morphology and function of the goitre and essentially by the resection technique. Between 1982 and 1985 a total of 825 patients was operated on for the first time due to a benign goitre. In period A (Jan. 1982 to Dec. 1983) we always-- preceding the resection of the goitre--performed the ligature of the A.thyreoidea inferior (n = 412) whereas in period B (Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1985) we dispensed with it (n = 413). In neither of the two periods the preparation of the N.laryngeus recurrens--save few exceptional cases--was performed. The immediate postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rate decreased from 4.9% in period A to 2.2% in period B, the persistent palsy rate (laryngeal control half a year postoperatively) from 2.18% to 0.48%. Due to the change to smaller, more hyperfunctional goitres in endemic areas we believe it possible to perform the resection of benign goitres without the preliminary ligature of the A.thyreoidea inferior and the preparation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. On one hand this can lead to the facilitation of the surgical task, on the other hand to the decrease of the injury risk on the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Adult↗
[Internal intubation of the small intestine for preventing ileus in peritonitis and recurrent adhesions].
Preventive intestinal intubation for ileus prophylaxis in cases of diffuse peritonitis and extended adhesion ileus had often been discredited for the technically demanding and thus time-consuming technique involved. Yet, tube-related complications in the context of tube insertion or removal can be minimised by the experienced surgeon who stringently observes a number of precautions and provided that the indication had been accurate. Fifty-three intestinal intubations on 49 patients were accompanied by three iatrogenic perforations intraoperatively and by four instances of postoperative fistulation of the small intestine which, however, were all properly controlled by suturing or conservative action. Ileus recurred in three patients because of too early tube removal and due to progressive peritonitis against the background of inadequately cured primary disease and due to peritoneal mesothelioma in one case. Periods of intestinal intubation ranged from six to 14 days. Postoperative lethality was relatively high (30.6 per cent) and had been exclusively caused by progressive sepsis or cardiopulmonary insufficiency. It amounted to 50 per cent of all cases of diffuse peritonitis and only to 4.7 per cent of patients with recurrent adhesion ileus.
Adolescent↗