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Biomedical subjects

R Reuther

Publications and source records attributed to R Reuther.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[The treatment of transitory ischemic attacks with acetylsalicylic acid: results of a double-blind-study (author's transl)].

In a randomised double-blind longterm study the value of acetylsalicylic acid in prophylaxis against relapse was investigated against placebo in 58 patients with transitory ischemic attacks of prolonged reversible insults. During the 24 months of observation, significantly fewer relapses of cerebral ischemia occurred in patients with carotid transient ischemia attacks under acetylsalicyclic acid than in the control group. The recurrences usually took the form of transitory ischemic attacks. Of the 5 cerebral infarcts, 4 occurred in the control group, 3 patients died. Patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency showed no response. On account of the relatively small number of patients the result of the study is to be regarded rather as a confirmation of the results of a larger series of investigations in the USA and Canada than solely a proof of the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1979

[Disturbances of the pupil reflex associated with lesions of the upper visual pathway (author's transl)].

In six patients with ischemic lesions of the visual pathways above the lateral geniculate body, the pupil light reflex was investigated under perimetric conditions. The size of the lesions--in four cases caused by lateralized cerebral infarction, in two cases by complicated migraine attacks--was certified by neurological examination and by angiography or computerized tomography respectively. The recordings were done with a portable pupillograph measuring the infrared light reflected from the iris. A Tübinger perimeter served as stimulator. All patients except one, whose visual fields recovered quickly and completely, showed parallel tracings concerning the sensory and the pupillographic profiles, in the older lesions as well as in the recent ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Electroneurographic proof of the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (author's transl)].

A 52 year old female with an anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is reported, which probably was caused by an unusual mechanical stress--transport of a case with the left hand for a prolonged period. With insertion of pronator quadratus muscle by a needle electrode as far as radial and distal as possible we received a distinctly prolonged latency of 9.8 ms on the afflicted side by stimulation of median nerve in the bend of elbow; the corresponding value on the healthy side was 5.9 ms. The described technic seems recommendable for proofing of diagnosis and controlling the course of this illness in cases without complete denervation of the muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve.

Arm↗
PubMed1978

Distribution and metabolism of synthetic alkyl analogs of lysophosphatidylcholine in mice.

Stability, distribution and metabolic fate of alkyl analogs of lysophosphatidylcholine have been studied in mice. Analogs employed were 1-hexadecyl- and 1-dodecyl-propanediol-3-phosphorylcholine (2-deoxy-lysophosphatidylcholine) and rac-1-octadecyl-2-methyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (2-methoxy-lysophosphatidylcholine). It is demonstrated that (1) the half-life of these compounds in the organism was increased to the order of days as compared to minutes or hours for natural lysophosphatidylcholine, (2) the analogs were slowly degraded in vivo with partial incorporation of the hydrophobic part into neutral lipids and phosphatidylcholine. Deoxy analogs were apparently degraded faster than methoxy derivatives, and (3) due to this metabolism, accumulation of these compounds, even after repeated injections, did not occur in mice. Intravenous and intraperitoneal injections led to rapid and complete distribution of the lysolipids with slight enrichment in liver, kidneys and intestine. Subcutaneous or oral application resulted in a similar distribution, however, remarkable depot effects at the sites of administration were observed. Experiments with tumor-bearing mice indicated a reduced metabolic turnover and thus a slight enrichment of ether-lysophosphatidylcholine analogs in tumor tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Quantitative studies on lysolecithin-mediated hemolysis. Use of ether-deoxy lysolecithin analogs with varying aliphatic chain-lengths.

The process of lysolecithin-mediated hemolysis has been investigated by use of various ether-deoxy lysolecithin analogs (1-alkyl-propanediol-3-phosphorylcholine) with alkyl residues of 10-22 carbon atoms. Hemolytic activities were defined either as molar amounts to be added for 50% lysis (L50) or as cell-bound amounts at 50% lysis (A50). It was found, that in contrast to L50, A50 values are independent of experimental conditions. Moreover, L50 values primarily reflect the binding affinities, while A50 values give more accurate information on the actual membrane-disturbing potential. The strongest hemolytic C16-lysolecithin analog required 2 - 10(7) or 5 - 10(7) molecules bound per cell for 50% lysis at 0 or 37degrees C, respectively, corresponding to about 10 or 25% of the total membrane phospholipids. Evidence is presented, indicating that (a) lysophosphatides bind to cells below their critical micelle concentration, (b) micelles themselves are not generally necessary for cell lysis. Red cells of different species (man and cattle) as well as at varying temperatures exhibit significantly different sensitivities in terms of L50 and A50 values. These differences, however, depend on the degree of hydrophobicity of the lysolecithins and disappear in the case of lysolipids having C10 or C12 aliphatic residues. The data are in agreement with our hypothesis that cellular sensitivity to lysolecithin lysis may be determined by the degree of segregation of lysolecithin-rich areas within the membrane lipid phase.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Directional C-W Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of basilar artery disease.

Using directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography of the vertebral arteries, we have investigated 1,540 patients during the past 5 years. On the basis of unilateral and bilateral retrograde brachial angiograms in the same patients (a total of 1,989 angiograms) we have developed sonographic criteria for demonstrating a significant increase in the peripheral resistance of both distal vertebral arteries and/or the basilar artery. All 11 cases of basilar artery stenosis of at least 60% reduction in lumen diameter (as shown by angiography) exhibited an approximately 40% or higher reduction in the sum of the modified Pourcelot indices of both vertebral arteries with respect to age-matched controls. All 3 stenoses of less than 60% reduction in lumen diameter were not detected by sonography. Even a good collateral circulation through rete mirabile anastomoses did not normalize the modified Pourcelot indices. One case of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery with thin-calibered vertebral arteries was also detected by sonography. The high percent of patients with one hypoplastic vertebral artery in the group with basilar artery stenoses indicates an increased risk for atherosclerosis of the basilar and/or distal vertebral artery in these patients. All 14 angiographically verified occlusions of the basilar artery were detected by sonographic criteria independent of the occlusion localization. Thus, we believe that directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography is a reliable technique for detecting basilar artery stenoses of at least 60% reduction in lumen diameter and basilar artery occlusions.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of intracardiac thrombi in stroke patients with indium-111 platelet scintigraphy.

Platelet scintigraphy (PSC) with indium-111 labelled platelets has been confirmed as an adequate method for the detection of intracardiac thrombi in patients with heart disease. We performed PSC of the heart and the neck vessels in 27 stroke patients with suspected cardiac embolism and as control on 10 patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries without evidence of heart disease. The carotid PSC was positive in 6 of 10 patients with carotid disease, and twice in the 27 with suspected cardiac embolism. In these 27 the PSC of the heart indicated pathological conditions 13 times. Pathological platelet accumulations could be visualized in 3 cases in the atrial space, in 9 cases in the region of the left ventricle, and once at the aortic valve. Scintigraphy was negative in all 10 patients with atherosclerosis of the neck vessels. The two-dimensional echocardiography revealed pathological findings in 8 of the 13 patients with positive heart PSC (3 with intraventricular thrombi, 3 with valvular disease, 2 with decreased ventricular contractility) and was normal in the 10 control patients. Open-heart surgery was performed in 2 patients with pathological PSC and revealed an intracardiac thrombus. Three of 4 patients with positive atrial PSC showed mitral or aortic valve disease. These results suggest that PSC can provide a valuable method for detecting cardiac thrombi in stroke patients.

Blood Platelets↗