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Biomedical subjects

R Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to R Reiss.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Unexplained immunodeficiency in children. A surveillance report.

From Oct 1, 1982, to Oct 1, 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) received reports of 35 children whose illness met the CDC definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All of the children had serious opportunistic infections without a known underlying illness to explain susceptibility to the infections. The 35 children were residents of ten different states; cases clustered in five major metropolitan areas. Three of the children had a parent with AIDS, and one child who had been previously reported had received a blood transfusion from a person in whom AIDS later developed. Most of the children had at least one parent in a population group in which adult AIDS cases have occurred. Many of the children had histories of prodromal symptoms, including pneumonitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and oral thrush. The mean age at onset of illness was 5 months, and the mean age at diagnosis was 12 months. To determine whether opportunistic infection in children without underlying immunodeficiency was truly a new phenomenon, a review of requests to the CDC for the drug pentamidine isethionate was undertaken. This revealed an apparent increase from 1979 to 1983 in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children without known underlying immunodeficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Systemic prophylactic antibiotics in elective biliary surgery.

We tested the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in elective cholecystectomy in 105 patients in a single-blind, controlled randomized trial. Fifty-six patients received prophylactic antibiotics and 49 patients entered the control group. Of the patients who received prophylactic antibiotics, 3.6% had wound infections, v24.5% in the control group. The rate of wound infection in patients with positive bile cultures, diabetes, appendectomies, and choledochotomies was 24.4%, v 3.4% in the group who had cholecystectomies only, with negative bile cultures and no diabetes. We concluded that prophylactic antibiotics are effective in patients with high-risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, exploration of the choledochus, and appendectomy, and in patients with positive bile cultures.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy.

Data on the management of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy are sparse and relatively few parathyroidectomies have been performed during pregnancy. Provided the diagnosis can be established with reasonable certainty, removal of a parathyroid adenoma should be undertaken during the second or at the beginning of the third trimester. Parathyroidectomy in the hands of a surgeon familiar with this operation carries few risks. The complication rate of untreated cases may reach 80 per cent and include spontaneous abortion, fetal death and neonatal tetany. We present two cases of pregnant women who underwent successful parathyroidectomy during the course of gestation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Hemipelvectomy for liposarcoma: an unusual case and course.

A patient with liposarcoma of the upper thigh and pelvis treated by hemipelvectomy is described. Preoperative treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced regression and necrosis of the growth. The treatment of this tumour is discussed as well as the possibility that the pre-operative therapy converted an inoperable tumour into an operable one.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1984

Duodenal diverticula occurring in a family--chance or inheritance?

The incidence, aetiology and possible inheritance of duodenal diverticula remain controversial. These aspects are discussed through the presentation of a family, in which duodenal diverticula occurred in a man and his two sons. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such family documented in the medical literature. This familial occurrence may be attributed solely to the high incidence of duodenal diverticula in the general population (set by various authors at up to 14.2%), and, therefore, of no hereditary significance at all. We believe a screening study of the families of individuals with proven duodenal diverticula is most desirable, for it could shed light upon the controversial questions of incidence, aetiology, and inheritance patterns of duodenal diverticula.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States: an analysis of cases outside high-incidence groups.

From 1 June 1981 through 31 January 1984, 201 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reported involving persons who could not be classified into a group identified to be at increased risk for this syndrome. Thirty-five had received transfusions of single-donor blood components in the 5 years preceding diagnosis of the syndrome and 30 were sexual partners of persons belonging to a high-risk group. Information was incomplete for most remaining patients, but because many of these patients were demographically similar to populations recognized to be at increased risk for the syndrome, previously identified risk factors may have been present but not reported for some of them. Additionally, a few persons who met the case definition for the syndrome probably had other reasons for their opportunistic disease and did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The slow emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in new populations is consistent with transmission mediated through sexual contact or parenteral exposure to blood.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Ruptured anastomotic pseudoaneurysms after prosthetic vascular graft bypass procedures.

Pseudoaneurysms of prosthetic vascular grafts are a well-recognized phenomenon. In the past year we treated four patients with ruptured pseudoaneurysms, each of whom originally underwent surgery after March 1981. The main etiological factors were infection and mismatching between the physical characteristics of the prosthetic graft and the host artery. Once this diagnosis is suspected, pseudoaneurysms should be treated as an emergency. They should be resected, a new extraanatomical bypass constructed, and the wound left open.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Statistical value of various clinical parameters in predicting the presence of choledochal stones.

Persistent choledochal stones, as well as negative choledochal explorations, lead to increased morbidity and expense in operations upon the biliary tract. In an attempt to establish more precise criteria for the presence of CBD stones, 1,000 consecutive cholecystectomies were studied and computer analyzed. Precise determination of the choledochal diameter and preoperative bilirubin levels permit a quite accurate estimate of the probable presence of a choledochal stone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

One-stage subtotal colectomy with anastomosis for obstructing carcinoma of the left colon.

Fourteen cases of severe obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were treated by emergency subtotal colectomy and ileorectal or ileosigmoid anastomoses. There was one death after two months and a further two septic postoperative complications. Follow-up stretched from two to 39 months (an average 13.7 months). One patient died of a myocardial infarction after 11 months and another of liver metastases after 21 months. Two patients were lost to follow-up at 12 and 25 months, and nine patients remain alive and well, free of disease. The last nine cases were consecutive, and two additional patients with obstruction had only colostomy performed due to their poor conditions. A staged approach to treatment reduces long-term survival as well as inducing a high cumulative mortality and morbidity rate. Colostomy also reduces the quality of life for the elderly patient. Results of this form of treatment are surprisingly good, and it is advocated as the treatment of choice for the vast majority of patients.

Aged↗