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Biomedical subjects

R Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to R Reiss.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Evaluating the management of diarrhoea in health centres in Mozambique.

An evaluation of the health centre management of paediatric cases of diarrhoea, comprising observation of the consultation, interview of the guardian immediately afterwards and home follow-up was performed in one rural and three urban areas of Mozambique. Oral Rehydration Therapy was advised for 83% of patients, of whom 71% received ORS packets. Eighty-seven per cent of mothers followed up stated that they had given ORT, but only 37% had a solution present at the time of interview. The main weakness in case management was the lack of health education, especially about the quantity of fluid to give, which was reflected in the mothers' belief that ORT is a medicine to 'stop the diarrhoea' and their consequent administration of it like a syrup, one teaspoonful three times a day. The results of the evaluation have facilitated the design of more appropriate health education and health worker training materials and methods.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Anal pressure measurements in the study of hemorrhoid etiology and their relation to treatment.

The etiology of hemorrhoids has been explained in the past based on anatomic principles, but this study examines the relationship of resting anal pressures to hemorrhoid etiology in 38 patients with hemorrhoids and 29 controls with no perianal symptoms. Three months after treatment by elastic band ligation, anal pressures were again measured in the hemorrhoid group. Anal pressures were significantly higher in the hemorrhoid group before treatment (102 +/- 26.33 mmHg) as compared with the controls (76.75 +/- 19.56 mmHg) (P less than .001). Three months following elastic band ligation there was a small drop in anal pressure (100 +/- 26.84 mmHg) but it remained significantly higher than the control group. There was also a significant correlation between symptoms and level of anal pressures. The results indicate that persons with hemorrhoids have higher anal pressures than controls. Elastic band ligation relieves the symptoms but should not affect the anal sphincter pressure. The fact that the anal pressures remained high after treatment could imply that higher pressures are an etiologic component in the formation of hemorrhoids.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Inversion (16)(p13q22) in tumor cells of sigmoid colon.

We report on the cytogenetic findings in direct preparations of two tumors of the sigmoid colon. Respectively, they had a near-triploid and a near-tetraploid constitution and relative numerical and other inconstant chromosomal imbalances. The only constant chromosomal structural anomaly apparently was inversion of chromosome #16, inv(16)(p13q22), which was found in all the cells examined. This rearrangement has been found to be associated with a type of acute myelomonocytic leukemia type M4. We suggest that an etiologic clastogenic (and oncogenic) agent responsible for this rearrangement may eventually be the cause of various kinds of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Cohort comparison study of children whose mothers have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and children of well inner city mothers.

The virus or viruses (human immunodeficiency virus) associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be transmitted in utero or perinatally from an infected mother to her baby. Infected adults may remain asymptomatic for months to years, during which time a mother could transmit the virus. It is not known to what degree a mother may transmit the virus perinatally or whether postnatal transmission is possible. We studied a cohort of children whose mothers had been reported to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, comparing human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive with seronegative children as well as a cohort of inner city children with similar socioeconomic characteristics whose mothers are well. Three (12%) of 25 children whose mothers have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were seropositive compared with none of 44 children whose mothers were well. The seropositive children had lower T4A:T8 lymphocyte ratios than children in the other groups. Nine children of affected mothers were young enough to have been born within their mother's incubation period and were seronegative and well. When compared with seronegative children the seropositive children did not have greater contact with their ill mothers, either in types of physical interaction or in length of time lived together. Although this study cannot preclude the possibility of postnatal nonsexual transmission, it does present evidence against it.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Plasma and platelet norepinephrine in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy.

Catecholamines accumulate in platelets, and platelet catecholamine concentrations may give a more stable index of sympathoadrenal activity than do random plasma values. We measured norepinephrine in plasma and platelets from normal, nonpregnant women and from normal and preeclamptic pregnant women with a radioenzymatic assay. Plasma and platelet norepinephrine was not markedly different in normal, pregnant women during the third trimester, intrapartum or postpartum when compared with those levels in nonpregnant women. Platelet norepinephrine was significantly elevated in women with mild preeclampsia, but plasma norepinephrine was not. A linear relationship existed between platelet count and platelet norepinephrine concentrations in women with preeclampsia. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis of increased sympathoadrenal activity in women with mild preeclampsia and normal platelet counts. The lower platelet norepinephrine in thrombocytopenic patients suggests that platelet activation and degranulation have occurred and indicate that platelet catecholamine concentration does not provide a stable index of sympathoadrenal activity when platelets are being consumed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the right common iliac artery--a rare finding and a cause of occlusive vascular disorder.

A case of primary intraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the right common iliac artery that presented itself by intermittent claudication is described. The diagnosis was established only postoperatively, based on examination of the endarterectomy specimen. No other primary tumor was found in the postoperative investigation and the patient received no further treatment. A review of the literature attests to the rarity of the diagnosis and the uncertainty regarding the mode of treatment.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1986

TI-59 programmable calculator program for calculating predicted operative mortality in general surgery.

A program for the TI-59 programmable calculator for calculating predicted postoperative mortality is presented. Input data are based on handy, clinical, non-invasive pre-operative and operative parameters retrieved mostly significant in this respect by former multivariate logistic regression analysis of a broad data-base; their relative weights are incorporated into the program data base as basic coefficients. Considerations employed in its usage are discussed, as well as possible future technical and/or environmental modifications.

Humans↗