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Biomedical subjects

R Rath

Publications and source records attributed to R Rath.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Overfeeding.

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Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1975

Metabolic changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle of obese people. Enzyme activity patterns of energy-supplying metabolism.

1. In biopsy samples of the lateral part of m. quadriceps femoris of 49 obese and 14 lean persons the activities of the following enzymes were investigated: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH), glycerolphosphate: nad dehydrogenase (GPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), malate: NAD dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOADH). 2. The muscles of obese had an increased activity ratio of TPDH to CS and to HK, respectively, caused in muscles of female obese subjects by an increase of TPDH activity, in those of obese men rather by a decrease of CS and HK activities. 3. Cluster analysis brough to light the existence of three major groups. Group 1 (low activity-low LDH group), consisting of muscles of female obese subjects only, exhibited low activities of all enzymes investigated, that of LDH being so low as to possibly induce a serious deficiency of anerobic metabolism under working conditions. Group 2 (medium enzyme activity group) was characterized by medium enzyme activities, similar to that of lean controls (included in this group). This consisted of subjects of both sex. Group 3 (high enzyme activity group) consisted of obese of both sex. It was distinguished by high enzyme activities, especially of LDH. It is suggested that the groups of similar enzyme activity patterns might reflect different stages, types and/or genesis of obesity.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1975

M. Quadriceps femoris of man, a muscle with an unusual enzyme activity pattern of energy supplying metabolism in mammals.

1. The following enzyme activities were estimated in needle-biopsy samples of the lateral part of the human quadriceps femoris muscle: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NAD : glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), hexokinase (HK), NAD: malate dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 2. Although the enzyme activities in muscles of women were lesser than in those of men, no difference was found in the calculated enzyme activity ratios. There is thus no sex-dependent metabolic type-differentiation in this muscle. 3. The human quadriceps femoris is a low-activity muscle, in comparison with muscles of homoiotherm laboratory animals. The enzyme activity ratio of TPDH to CS, characterizing the glycolytic pyruvate formation to aerobic oxidative capacities, shows this muscle to be of an intermediate type in this respect, similarly as the extensor digitorum longus of the rat. The relatively very high capacity of glucose phosphorylation (HK), the high aerobic regeneration of cytoplasmic dehydrogenated NAD (GPDH) and the very low anaerobic regeneration (LDH), show the unusually high proportion of carbohydrates (glucose) which can be broken down aerobically.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1975

Activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism in striated muscle of obese subjects with respect to body composition.

The effect of obesity on the activity of some enzymes of energy supplying metabolism was studied in male and female groups of different body weight, using tissue samples of m. quadriceps femoris obtained by a biopsy needle. Both obese males and females displayed a distinct tendency towards anaerobic metabolism (high lactate dehydrogenase activities). The assumption that cytoplasm has an increased capacity in the muscle of the obese for reduction syntheses is supported by the increased ratio of malate dehydrogenase to citrate synthase activities. Compared with controls, less activity of enzymes associated with fatty acid and glucose degradation (hexokinase, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, citrate synthase) was observed in obese males. In obese females the latter enzyme activities did not differ from those in the controls; however, lactate dehydrogenase and triosophosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher. Significant inverse correlations between hexokinase and hydroxyacyl- CoA dehydrogenase activities, on the one hand, and indicators of body composition and body weight, on the other, were found in males. The female group did not display analogous significant relations between the enzymatic organization and indicators of body composition.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1975

Obesity and thyroid function. 2. The effect of prolonged caloric restriction on Achilles tendon reflex values.

The results obtained are indicative of changes in thyroid function during prolonged caloric restriction. Achilles tendon reflex values were studied in obese individuals under reducing treatment. More pronounced weight loss during the first three months was associated with a shortening of Achilles tendon reflex values, or its values remained unchanged. From the sixth month on a growing percentage of obese patients in our group displayed prolongation of Achilles tendon reflex values coupled with a decrease in weight showed a statistically significant prolongation of Achilles tendon reflex values. Thyreoglobulin given at this stage normalised Achilles tendon values and reinduced weight decrease.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1975

Immunoreactive insulin and obesity in women.

The authors investigated basal and glucose stimulated (50 g by mouth) IRI values in women with normal weight and obese women (58) under conditions of balanced body-weight and after its reduction. The body composition was determined (from body density), and from specimens of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue also the size of fat cells and their total number. In obese women significantly higher IRI levels (basal and stimulated) were found as compared with controls and these values had a marked tendency towards normalization after reduction of body weight. The authors found significant relations between IRI values and the degree of obesity, fat content and lean body mass. The closest correlation was found between the stimulated IRI values and Broca's index (r = +0.8227). Between the loss of body-weight and body fat and between changes of IRI in obese subjects no significant relations were found. Investigation of the relationship of IRI and the size and total number of fat cells revealed marked associations between basal values and the sum of stimulated IRI values and the size of the fat cell. Relations between IRI and the total number of fat cells were not significant. When investigating the relationship between the incidence of obesity in the family and IRI values it was revealed that the group of obese women with obese mothers, as compared with the group who had neither parent obese, had a significantly higher basal IRI value and IRI value after stimulation with glucose during the 120th and 180th minute, the higher basal value in the group with an obese father was not significant. After weight reduction the differences between basal and stimulated IRI values were not significant.

Adipose Tissue↗