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Biomedical subjects

R Ranta

Publications and source records attributed to R Ranta.

122 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in Finnish dental consonant articulation in cleft lip/palate children between 6 and 8 years of age.

The aim of this study was to clarify changes in the occurrence of misarticulations of dental consonants /r/, /s/ and /l/ between 6 and 8 years of age in cleft-affected Finnish children and to compare the effects of gender and to estimate if spacing due to changing of maxillary incisors could explain changes in articulation of these sounds. The subjects were 133 (47 girls, 86 boys) Finnish-speaking non-syndromic children with isolated cleft palate (n = 34), cleft lip/alveolus (n = 49), unilateral (n = 33), and bilateral (n = 17) cleft lip and palate. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between genders according to changes in articulation abilities by the age of 8 years. Eighty-one percent of the subjects with misarticulations at the age of 6 years still misarticulated at 8 years of age, and 16% of the subjects without misarticulations at the age of 6 years misarticulated at the age of 8 years; /s/ and /l/ misarticulations were eliminated more often than /r/ errors. New misarticulations were diagnosed at the age of 8 years in the same way in the groups with (14%) and without (16%) misarticulations at the age of 6 years. Dental arch spacing due to changing of maxillary incisors does not seem to explain new misarticulations of /r/, /s/ and /l/ sounds estimated at the age of 8 years.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparisons of speech aerodynamics and lateral craniofacial cephalometrics in cleft lip and palate patients with and without Finnish /r/-sound distortion.

To study the associations between the articulation of the Finnish /r/ sound and dentofacial and pharyngeal lateral cephalometric morphology and speech physiology, 18 (12 females, 6 males) young adult cleft patients' /r/ sound was analysed auditorily by 3 speech experts. Laryngeal resistance (LARE), the smallest nasal cross-sectional area (NASA), nasal resistance (NASAR) and velopharyngeal orifice area (VEPA) were measured with pressure flow technique, and 31 points were identified from the lateral cephalograms to landmark the skeletal structure, pharyngeal airway diameters, and position of the hyoid bone. The present results showed no significant differences in lateral cephalometric skeletal, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal morphology between subjects with and without /r/-sound distortion. There were no significant correlations either between /r/ distortions and NASA, NASAR or VEPA. An anteriorly positioned hyoid bone was significantly associated with decreased LARE and /r/ distortion. LARE was significantly lower in subjects with /r/ distortion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Velopharyngeal function from the age of three to eight years in cleft palate patients.

The purpose of this investigation was to study changes of velopharyngeal function between the ages of 3 and 8 years. The subjects were 65 (30 girls and 35 boys) Finnish-speaking non-syndromic children with isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 35) and with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP, n = 30) operated primarily at the age of 1.0-2.0 years. Before the age of 8 years, 16 children required velopharyngoplasty (VPP, ad modum Hoenig). The children were followed up for speech at the age of 3, 6 and 8 years. The perceptual speech characteristics nasal air emission, hypernasality, weakness of pressure consonants and compensatory articulations were registered. Indications for a velopharyngeal flap (by VPP) were identified on the basis of perceptual speech characteristics and confirmed by instrumental examinations. The results indicated that the method and timing of primary palatoplasty and sex did not correlate with the quality of velopharyngeal function. It was good both in children treated conservatively or with VPP at the age of 8 years. The children with a flap required speech therapy significantly more often than other children. No child with VPP and only 12% of the children without VPP had simultaneous nasal air emissions and hypernasality. Compensatory articulation was completely eliminated and weakness of pressure consonants was diagnosed only in 1 child without VPP. The CP children required significantly more often a velopharyngeal flap than the UCLP children. In conclusion, the CP and UCLP children develop a similar velopharyngeal function but in a different way.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Associations between lateral cephalometric dimensions and misarticulations of Finnish dental consonants in cleft lip/palate children.

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between lateral cephalometric variables and the misarticulation of /r/, /s/ and /l/ sound in cleft lip/palate children. The subjects were 134 Finnish-speaking 6-year-old boys with isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 33), unilateral (n = 44), bilateral (BCLP, n = 19) cleft lip and cleft lip/alveolus (n = 38); /r/, /s/ and /l/ distortions were obtained from original hospital records which were based on perceptual speech follow-ups performed by experienced speech pathologists. Cephalometric measurement points were determined from standardized lateral roentgen cephalograms and traced twice by a computer-connected digitizer. The data were entered into a microcomputer and analysed by NCSS 6.0 for Windows using appropriate tests. The results revealed new significant associations between cephalometric measurements and misarticulations, especially that of the /r/ sound in CP and BCLP groups. Children with /r/ distortion had upward rotation of the mandible, maxillary protrusion and a higher position of the hyoid bone in the CP group. In the BLCP group, on the contrary, the mandible had downward rotation, mandibular retrusion and narrower nasopharyngeal port. The /s/ and /l/ sounds were less clearly associated with craniofacial morphology. The anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and the mandible did not have any association with dentoalveolar misarticulations, instead, the systematic vertical, particularly posterior relationship of the jaws seems to be associated with /r/ sound production in CP and BCLP boys.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual alveolar clefts: report of cases.

Four cases with atypical alveolar clefts are presented. In the first, a sixteen-year-old boy had an alveolar cleft in the region of the left lateral incisor, a submucous cleft palate and a narrowed left nostril. The alveolar cleft was corrected with a bone graft. In the second case, an eleven-month-old boy had an alveolar cleft in the region of the normal lateral labial frenulum between the left canine and the first premolar, and an ordinary microform of cleft lip on the right side. A six-month-old boy has a complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate on the left side in the third case, and bilateral alveolar clefts in the region between the canine and the first premolar both in the maxilla and the mandible. In case four, an eight-month-old boy has an alveolar cleft in the region of the normal lateral labial frenulum between the right canine and first premolar. Lip and palate were fused normally.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tooth germ transposition: report of cases.

Six patients with transposed tooth germ before root formation are reported in cases with cleft lip or palate. A boy with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate had a maxillary permanent canine displaced posteriorly in the vomer. A girl with cleft palate had an upwards and distally transmigrated maxillary canine. Two girls with cleft palate had a transposed maxillary canine with the first premolar. One patient had a maxillary second premolar migrated between the first and second permanent molar, and another had the germ of a supernumerary maxillary premolar between the first and second permanent molars. The follow-up findings concerning the development of the teeth and treatment are described; they are also discussed in the light of present theories on the etiology of tooth transposition.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of unilateral posterior crossbite: comparison of the quad-helix and removable plate.

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the quad-helix and removable plate with respect to effect and cost of treatment in the mixed dentition with unilateral forced crossbite. In the quad-helix group (25 children), expansion was accomplished with a prefabricated .036'' quad-helix soldered to bands on the maxillary molars. In the plate group (25 children), the removable plates had a midline screw and four Adams clasps. The screw was opened by one quarter-turn each week. The crossbite was eliminated in all cases in the two groups. The respective results in the quad-helix group and in the plate group (in brackets) were: intermolar arch width increased 3.6 mm (3.7 mm); the total period of appliance therapy averaged 3.8 months (21.6 months), ranging from 2 to 6 months (12-30 months); the number of visits averaged 4.6 (16.0), ranging from 3 to 6 (11-22); number of appliances needed averaged 1 (1.7), and the costs of the appliances averaged $58 ($174). In the plate group, the average values of the laboratory costs were 3-fold, the number of visits 3.5-fold, and the expansion and retention time 5.7-fold more than the quad-helix group. The present treatment rationale with the quad-helix appliance is easy, effective, cost-efficient, and can be learned by every pedodontitis for correction of unilateral crossbites in the mixed dentition.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impacted maxillary second permanent molars.

The study population consisted of fifteen children in whom twenty-one maxillary second molars were impacted by the third molars. The subjects ranged in age from nine to eighteen years. The impactions apparently were caused by the malposition of the buds of the third molars.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hereditary agenesis of ten maxillary posterior teeth: a family history.

A family is described, where the mother and her two sons had similar bilateral congenital absences of the following maxillary teeth: the second premolars, the first, second and possibly the third molars, as well as, in the sons, the second primary molars. The size, shape and formation of the remaining teeth were within normal limits. The near relatives of the parents had no history of hypodontia. The family members were otherwise healthy except that the mother and one of the sons had a slight nasality of speech. Moreover, the mother and both sons had adhesive otitis.

Adult↗