Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Raju

Publications and source records attributed to R Raju.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Unusual transcripts in La Crosse virus-infected cells and the site for nucleocapsid assembly.

The La Crosse virus S genome segment is known to code for two plus-strand transcripts, free S-mRNA (nucleotide [nt] -15 to 886) and encapsidated antigenome RNA (nt 1 to 983). Early in infection only these plus-strand transcripts could be detected, but at later times plus-strand RNAs representing nt 1 to 886 in an encapsidated form and nt -15 to 983 as a free RNA could also be seen, as well as S-mRNA in an encapsidated form. The encapsidated S-mRNA became relatively important at later times because the free S-mRNA turned over rapidly after 5 h postinfection. The existence of these unusual RNAs and their presence as either free or encapsidated species suggests that the site for nucleocapsid assembly is located at the 5' ends of the genome and antigenome chains.

Bunyaviridae↗
PubMed1986

Inhibitors of protein synthesis inhibit both La Crosse virus S-mRNA and S genome syntheses in vivo.

The effect of drugs such as puromycin and cycloheximide, which inhibit protein synthesis, on the accumulation of La Crosse virus S genome RNAs in vivo has been examined. We have found that if these drugs are added to the cultures before infection, minuscule amounts of S-mRNA can be detected late in infection. Genome replication, on the other hand, cannot be detected at any time. When these drugs are added later in infection when RNA synthesis is well established, S-mRNA accumulation decreases in a dose-dependent manner proportional to the effect of these drugs on protein synthesis. This decrease cannot be accounted for by increased turnover of the mRNA in the presence of the drug. S genome replication, curiously, was found to be hypersensitive to the effects of these drugs. Our results confirm those of Abraham and Pattnaik (1983) that ongoing protein synthesis is required for the accumulation of complete bunyavirus S-mRNA.

Anisomycin↗
PubMed1986

The RNA binding subset of adenosine antibodies.

Hapten specific antibodies were elicited against adenosine-BSA conjugate (Ado-BSA) in rats. By radiohapten assay, two major populations of hapten specific antibodies were identified. They were directed against either adenosine trialcohol (Aox-red) or morpholino-adenosine (Morph-Ade). The association constant (Ka) for the 3H-Aox-red binding population was determined to be 1.02 X 10(7) M-1. Majority of the Aox-red specific antibodies were cross-reactive with Morph-Ade, but they did not cross-react at all with adenosine(A) or deoxyadenosine (dA). 3H-A binding subsets were actually Morph-Ade specific and constitute less than 10% of the hapten specific antibodies. The Ka value for the 3H-A binding was determined to be 4.5 X 10(6) M-1. A very minor and highly cross-reactive subset of Morph-Ade specific antibodies participate in RNA binding. Though a larger proportion of Morph-Ade specific antibodies interact with 3H-A, only a fraction of them bind to RNA. The extreme cross-reactivity and hence, the highly adaptive nature of the binding sites of the antibodies interacting with RNA, might be a stringent requirement for recognising adenine residues of nucleic acids in solution.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1985

Sequence determination of the Sendai virus HN gene and its comparison to the influenza virus glycoproteins.

The nucleotide sequence of the Sendai virus (SV) HN (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase) gene was determined. The deduced primary structure of the protein showed only one hydrophobic domain likely to represent the transmembrane region, but at its N terminus. Since the SV F protein is anchored in the membrane at its C terminus, the two SV glycoproteins are thus membrane-anchored in opposite orientations, similar to the two influenza virus (FLU) glycoproteins. Amino acid sequence comparisons of the SV HN and the FLU HA and NA proteins revealed homologies between 100 amino acids of the hemagglutinin region of the FLU HA protein and the C terminus of the SV HN, and between 200 amino acids of the neuraminidase region of the FLU NA and the central region of SV HN. Alignment of the neuraminidase, hemagglutinin, and fusion regions shared by these glycoproteins suggest the structure of a possible ancestral gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Influence of some operative and postoperative factors on capsular contracture around breast prostheses.

In a follow-up of 490 patients with breast implants, neither the size of the prosthesis nor the nature of the surgical procedure (simple augmentation mammaplasty or after subcutaneous mastectomy) increased the incidence of capsular contracture. Hematoma or infection were followed by a higher incidence of capsular contracture. Drainage with suction and the instillation of steroid around the prostheses seemed to be effective in reducing the incidence of capsular contracture. In the steroid-treated group, the need for open surgical treatment was reduced. The recurrence rate after closed capsulotomy, or open capsulotomy, was not significantly different from that following the more extensive procedure of capsulectomy.

Breast↗
PubMed1976

Quantitation of local acidosis and hypoxia produced by infection.

Increased strength of healing incisions infected with E coli was demonstrated in this experiment. Efforts to measure respiratory gas tensions and pH in these incisions were unsuccessful. Therefore, these moieties were measured in normal and infected wound fluid contained in implanted wire cylinders. The wound fluid from infected cylinders was consistently more acidotic and had a lower pO2 and a higher pCO2 than fluid from unifected wound cylinders.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congestive heart failure mimicking inflammatory breast carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare but highly malignant form of breast cancer. Biopsy and histologic examination usually confirm the diagnosis. There are rare reports of difficulties in differentiating this particular type of breast malignancy from congestive heart failure (CHF). This difficulty arises when CHF is associated with unilateral breast edema and skin thickening. However, inflammatory breast carcinoma has distinctive histologic and microscopic characteristics allowing the establishment of a proper diagnosis. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with CHF associated with unilateral breast edema and skin thickening simulating inflammatory breast carcinoma on mammography.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Saphenous vein endothelial cell viability: a comparative study of endoscopic and open saphenectomy for coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND: The use of endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting (ESVH) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is growing. This study was done to investigate the extent of endothelial injury in ESVH compared with that of the standard open method (OSVH), and under various physical and chemical preservation factors. METHODS: We endoscopically removed the saphenous vein from 45 consecutive patients undergoing saphenectomy for CABG together with a segment retrieved by the no-touch OSVH method. Vein samples from each group were divided into 8 subgroups of 5 samples each, and incubated in Plasma-Lyte solution with or without papaverine, at distending pressures of 100 or 300 mm Hg, and at either 4 degrees C or 28 degrees C, respectively. A ninth subgroup was preserved at room temperature without pressure or papaverine. The viability of cultured saphenous vein endothelial cells was assessed by counting the number of total cells and deriving the proportion of viable cells, following incubation for 72 hours. RESULTS: The median proportion of viable cells (PVC) showed a slight decline over days 0 to 4 for both harvesting methods. No significant difference existed in the median PVC between the two techniques (day 0: 75%, 72%, P = 0.8; day 1: 66.7%, 66.7%, P = 0.9; day 2: 66.7%, 66.7%, P = 0.3; day 3: 65.3%, 66.7%, P = 0.16, respectively). The mean PVC compared across temperatures of 4 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and room temperature for the ESVH was highly significant, with the highest value being for room temperature (69.5%, 56.4%, 70.3%, respectively, P = 0.0003). Results for the OSVH were not significant. The effect of distension pressure did not vary significantly for 0, 100, and 300 mm Hg for both techniques (70.3%, 63.2% and 63.4%, respectively, P = 0.46 for the ESVH; 66.5%, 68.4%, 67.4%, respectively, P = 0.94 for the OSVH). The addition of papaverine improved PCV slightly for the OSVH only (61.7%, 64.3%, respectively, P = 0.02), whereas that for the ESVH was not significant (67.3%, 72.5%, P = 0.12). CONCLUSION: The effect of ESVH on endothelial cell viability is comparable to that of the OSVH. Among the factors influencing endothelial viability during vein preparation, temperature had a major effect with lower temperatures in the range of 4 degrees C to room temperature being the most favorable one. Mechanical distension and papaverine had unimportant or inconsistent roles. We recommend the ESVH as the procedure of choice for saphenous vein harvesting due to the lower postoperative morbidity, and the lower incubation temperature needed for its better influence on potential graft patency.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of interferon-gamma in coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is produced by activated natural killer and T cells under pathologic circumstances. The objective of our study was to compare the level of IFN-gamma in open and endoscopic methods of vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). METHOD: Ninety samples of human saphenous veins harvested from patients prepared for CABG. Pre- and post-procedure sera of the patients, in addition to supernatants of 3-day endothelial cell culture, were analyzed for IFN-gamma. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IFN-gamma level (0.09+/-0.03 pg/mL) and that for postoperative sera (0.08+/-0.02 pg/mL) were not significantly different (P = 0.2). The mean IFN-gamma level in endothelial cell culture from the endoscopic (0.18+/-0.21 pg/mL) and the open method (0.19+/-0.39 pg/mL) were not significant (P = 0.89). CONCLUSION: We recommend the endoscopic method of vein harvesting because of its lower morbidity and earlier hospital discharge.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphometric analysis of coronary lesions in patients with unstable angina--an arteriographic study.

In 100 patients with unstable angina and 50 patients with stable angina qualitative morphology of coronary artery lesions were compared by angiography. The mean age of the patients was 51 years. In the unstable angina group, 50 patients had rest angina, 32 had crescendo angina and 18 had denovo angina; 31 patients had single vessel disease, 33 had two vessel disease, 34 had triple vessel disease and 2 had left main disease. 'Angina-producing' artery could be identified in 90 out of 100 patients. Ten totally occluded vessels were excluded from analysis. Lesions causing diameter stenosis of greater than 50% could be categorised to one of the following groups: a) Concentric stenosis (18 vessels), b) Type I eccentric lesion (asymmetric narrowing with smooth borders and broad neck--20 vessels), c) Type II eccentric lesion (asymmetric narrowing with narrow neck and overhanging irregular edges--47 vessels), and d) Multiple irregularities (15 vessels). Lesions in 9 vessels showed an associated thrombus. It appears that Type II eccentric lesions are frequent in patients with unstable angina; they probably represent ruptured atherosclerotic plaque or partially occlusive thrombi or both.

Adult↗