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Biomedical subjects

R Railton

Publications and source records attributed to R Railton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Variability of left ventricular function at diagnosis and after treatment in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were made using nuclear angiography in 9 newly-diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic patients at diagnosis and after a period of stable control. Similar measurements were made in a control group of 10 insulin-dependent patients whose control was stable. While mean LVEF did not change significantly in either group, 5 of the newly-diagnosed patients had a significant change in LVEF (both positive and negative). None of the stable diabetic patients had any significant change in LVEF. Analysis of variance of the changes in LVEF in both groups showed a significant difference (p less than 0.002). Abnormal left ventricular function in diabetic patients may be transient, reversible and related to change in diabetic control and need not indicate structural myocardial disease such as cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Adverse effect of smoking on the hyperaemic response in diabetic patients and control subjects.

In order to determine whether smoking had an adverse effect on the hyperaemic response, as measured by transcutaneous oximetry, matched groups of insulin-dependent diabetic smokers and non-smokers were compared both with each other and with similar matched groups of non-diabetic control subjects. The hyperaemic response was also measured immediately, 1 hour and 24 hours after smoking a cigarette in five control subjects who smoked. The hyperaemic response was significantly lower in the diabetic smokers compared with the diabetic non-smokers (p = 0.008) and in the control smokers compared with the control non-smokers (p = 0.011). No other significant differences were found. In the five subjects studied at intervals after smoking the responses were variable and inconsistent. Smoking modifies the hyperaemic response and this must be taken into account in any investigation using such measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sunscreens and PUVA.

Sunscreening creams have been tested for their capacity to protect non-lesional skin in patients receiving 8-methoxypsoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA). Cosmetically acceptable preparations such as Contralum Ultra and RoC Total are effective UVA sunscreens which may reduce the risk of carcinogenesis. A simple test of efficacy is described.

Erythema↗
PubMed1984

Low flow active antipollution systems. An evaluation of two systems with automatic ventilators.

The performance of two low-flow antipollution systems has been assessed by making measurements of the nitrous oxide pollution levels with four automatic ventilators. The effectiveness of the antipollution system is dependent on the volume of gas discharged, the peak expiratory flow, the airway pressure and to a lesser extent the ventilator settings. Both systems coped adequately with the clinical conditions where inflation pressures were below 4 kPa for two ventilators. Only one system coped with these conditions for the third ventilator. The fourth ventilator, which discharged driving gas to the respired volume, was not adequately scavenged.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1984

Effect of cold stimulation on myocardial perfusion. An investigation using thallium-201 scintigraphy.

Thallium-201 scintigraphy was used to investigate the effects of cold stimulation on myocardial perfusion in 12 patients with documented coronary artery disease (group 1), nine with chest pain but without evidence of structural coronary artery disease (group 2), and 10 normal volunteers (group 3). The scintigrams were assessed both visually and numerically using a circumferential profile technique. Transient perfusion defects were identified by both techniques in six subjects in group 1, three in group 2, and two in group 3. The haemodynamic responses (assessed by the double product) of subjects with or without transient perfusion defects were not significantly different. Thus cold stimulation can provoke abnormalities of myocardial perfusion not only in patients with coronary heart disease but also in those with structurally normal coronary arteries and in some normal subjects. These results may reflect a spectrum of coronary vasomotor responsiveness to cold stimulation in both normal and ischaemic populations, and it is concluded that cold pressor techniques cannot be relied on to differentiate patients with coronary heart disease from those with atypical chest pain syndromes or even from normal subjects.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Diabetic control and left ventricular ejection fraction during cold stimulation tests in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Abnormal cold stimulation (CS) tests have been reported in diabetic patients compared with normal controls. This result could be influenced by factors such as age, autonomic neuropathy, duration of diabetes and diabetic control and a group of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were therefore investigated to assess the effect of these factors on the CS test. Fifteen out of 31 patients (48.4%) had an abnormal change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during CS. There was no correlation between the change in LVEF and age, autonomic function tests, duration of diabetes or plasma glucose levels during the test. There was a significant negative correlation between the change in LVEF and HbA1 levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.02). We cannot say whether these results indicate a functional abnormality or a structural lesion of the coronary arteries or myocardium. They suggest, however, that diabetic control may influence cardio-vascular responses in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison by nuclear angiography of resting left ventricular function in insulin-dependent diabetic patients and normal subjects and the effect of diabetic control.

Resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by nuclear angiography in 28 type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 31 control subjects. None had any clinical evidence of cardiac disease. The influence of age, duration of diabetes, plasma glucose (PG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) levels at the time of testing was also assessed in a larger group of 52 type 1 diabetic patients. Resting LVEF was significantly lower in the diabetic patients, 0.46 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SD), compared with the control subjects, 0.53 +/- 0.07 (p = 0.02). No significant correlation was found between resting LVEF and age, duration of diabetes, PG or HbA1 levels. While LV function may be abnormal in diabetic patients the causes are still unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Reduced transcutaneous oxygen tension and impaired vascular response in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.

Measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension were made on the foot and arm in 16 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with no evidence of vascular or neurological disease on simple clinical examination and in 30 non-diabetic subjects. The mean transcutaneous oxygen tension measured at 45 degrees C on the foot was significantly lower in the diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic subjects. The hyperaemia response in the arm after cuff occlusion (measured by transcutaneous oxygen tension at 37 degrees C) was also significantly lower in the diabetic patients. These results may reflect abnormal capillary blood flow in diabetic patients. As the methods are simple and non-invasive, they may prove useful in the early assessment and subsequent monitoring of peripheral vascular problems in diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Frequency and severity of apnoea in lower respiratory tract infection in infancy.

Twenty four hour recordings of heart rate and respiration were made on 60 infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) during the acute phase of the illness, on 20 infants with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and on 21 control infants. Infants with LRTI and URTI had more apnoeic episodes of longer than 10 seconds compared with controls. The length of apnoeic episodes was greatest in the LRTI group but their frequency decreased with age. In both the LRTI and URTI groups apnoea was associated with bradycardia but the LRTI group also suffered an appreciable number of episodes of bradycardia without apnoea.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Ventilator problems caused by humidity in the air supplied from simple compressors.

Relative humidity of air produced by simple compressors used to drive ventilators was measured at different working pressures. At normal working pressures, a relative humidity of 100% was found and condensation occurred, mainly at the high pressure air/oxygen mixer valve. This resulted in blockages and loss of accuracy which could have serious consequences for patients. It was concluded that simple compressors are unsuitable and that medical air must be used.

Air↗
PubMed1980

Nuclear angiography in convalescent phase of myocardial infarction. Serial study of left ventricular performance.

Electrocardiograph-gated blood pool scans (anteroposterior and left anterior oblique projections) were recorded in 30 patients seven to 10 days after myocardial infarction. Left ventricular ejection fractions (mean 0.26 +/- 0.10) were lower on average than values previously obtained in 11 normal subjects (mean 0.52 +/- 0.06) and correlated broadly with the clinical assessment of left ventricular performance. Ejection fractions were lower in anterior (mean 0.21 +/- 0.09) than inferior (mean 0.32 +/- 0.08) infarcts. Abnormal wall motion was detected in 11 of 15 anterior infarcts and in six of 13 inferior infarcts: mean ejection fractions associated with global asynergy, segmental asynergy, and normal wall motion were 0.15, 0.26, and 0.36, respectively. Twenty-four patients were reinvestigated two months later. Though there was some change in the clinical status of eight patients, wall motion and ejection fraction were unchanged (mean difference -0.005 +/- 0.036). Twelve patients were reinvestigated six months after infarction. The ejection fraction for the group was significantly lower than the values obtained at 10 days and two months, and four individual changes were significant when compared with the first study. Changes in wall motion were observed in one patient. From this radionuclide study, we conclude that ejection fraction and wall motion do not improve after the early convalescent phase of myocardial infarction.

Adult↗