Salmonella renal abscess in a four-year-old child.
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Abscess↗
Biomedical subjects
R Rabinowitz
Publications and source records attributed to R Rabinowitz.
Grand multiparity--a nationwide survey.
Grand multiparity has been considered to be an obstetric hazard to both the mother and the fetus. In order to evaluate this statement we analyzed the information of a nationwide survey. The delivery records of all women (22,814) attending 30 obstetric wards in Israel between November 1983 and January 1984 were analyzed and the medical and obstetric complications associated with grand multiparity were investigated. Diabetes, hypertension, malpresentations, multiple births, large-for-gestational-age deliveries and perinatal deaths were found to be significantly more common in 1,542 multiparae who had seven or more deliveries. The association between parity and age partially accounted for this observation.
Adolescent↗
Selective expression of the Ly-6C.2 epitope on Lyt-2+ T cells that can develop in the absence of thymic influence.
The present study focused on attempts to correlate the expression of T cell differentiation antigens and development. A series of mAb was developed that recognized an Ly-6.2-linked Ag, Ly-6C.2. These mAb reacted with a subset of peripheral Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes but not Lyt-2+ thymocytes. Functional analysis of the Lyt-2+, Ly-6C.2- and Lyt-2+, Ly-6C.2+ subsets demonstrated that both cell types responded in class I and class II allogeneic MLC as well as in virus-specific cell-mediated cytolysis assay, although precursor frequency analysis suggested that the majority of precursor CTL were Ly-6C.2+. The marker did not appear to represent an activation Ag because Ly-6C.2-, Lyt-2+ precursor CTL generated Ly-6C.2-, Lyt-2+ CTL. Finally, virtually all splenic Lyt-2+ T cells from athymic (nu/nu) mice were Ly-6C.2+ whereas all thymic CTL were Ly-6C.2-. These results suggested that Ly-6C.2+, Lyt-2+ T cells may represent a distinct lineage of Lyt-2+ T cells that can develop in the absence of thymic influence.
Animals↗
Risk factors and prognostic variables in the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
This study was undertaken to clarify discriminative roles of multiple epidemiologic, hormonal, and biophysical variables for causation of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Three hundred ninety-six patients with anovulatory infertility had ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin throughout 1822 treatment cycles; 54 cycles (3%) were complicated by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Early follicular serum estradiol and prolactin levels were higher in this group than in controls: 75.5 versus 46.2 pg/ml and 18.5 versus 11.7 ng/ml, respectively (p less than 0.01). On the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (day 0) the mean serum estradiol level was 1047 +/- 381 in the group with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and 719 +/- 339 pg/ml in controls (p less than 0.0001). In all follicular sizes and in all grades of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome there was a tendency for more recruited follicles, with significantly more small follicles (12 to 14 mm) present on day 0 in all grades of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome than in controls. Stepwise logistic regression performed on 22 variables identified a high-risk group for this syndrome; the major features are illustrated by young, lean patients who, after relatively few ampules of human menopausal gonadotropin, develop high estradiol levels and multiple small follicles.
Adult↗
Transient liver function tests abnormalities in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
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Adult↗
The P.A.D.U.A. (progressive augmentation by dilating the urethra anterior) procedure for the treatment of severe urethral hypoplasia.
Eight boys with congenital urethral hypoplasia and atresia are described, including 5 with a patent urachus, 2 with an "H" type urethral perineal duplication and 1 with a rectovesical fistula. Of the boys 5 had the prune belly syndrome. The technique of gradual progressive indwelling soft catheter or stent dilation achieved excellent results in 6 boys. This technique is believed to offer the slow stimulus necessary for urethral dilation that is missing in boys with a patient urachus or urethral duplication. The remaining 2 boys were treated with more conventional techniques of urethrotomy or rapid urethral dilation. They eventually achieved a satisfactory result but after significant morbidity. This clinical experience serves to describe and demonstrate how the application of gradual progressive soft, small catheter or stent dilation of severe urethral hypoplasia and atresia results in a functionally normal urethra with minimal morbidity.
Child, Preschool↗
Cutaneous reaction to contrast material.
Two children are described who developed an apparent cutaneous contact reaction to contrast material in urine. Both children had undergone uneventful voiding cystourethrography with diatrizoate meglumine injection USP 18% followed by intravenous urography with diatrizoate meglumine injection USP 60%. Approximately 1 hour after urography cutaneous bullae and surrounding erythema of the buttocks (one case) or foreskin (one case) were noted. This reaction resembled a superficial chemical burn.
Buttocks↗
Urine production and bladder function in fetuses with open spina bifida.
Hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) and bladder filling and voiding were determined by real-time ultrasonography in 13 fetuses with open spina bifida (OSB) and compared with those of 101 normal fetuses from uncomplicated pregnancies at 16-40 weeks gestation. In normal pregnancy, the fetal bladder volume increases linearly with time and then decreases rapidly with micturition. The mean cycle length does not change significantly with gestation but both the mean bladder volume and HFUPR increase. In fetuses with OSB, ultrasonographic examination has demonstrated deviations from normal in both bladder filling and bladder emptying.
Female↗
Idiotypic determinants on monoclonal autoantibodies to the Thy-1 antigen.
Distinct monoclonal autoantibodies directed against the Thy-1 antigen differ in their reactivity with various target cells. The aim of the present study was to analyse the idiotypic specificities present on various monoclonal autoreactive Thy-1 antibodies. Xenogeneic anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) reagents were prepared by immunizing rabbits either with the 20-10-5 or with the C16-31 monoclonal Thy-1 autoantibodies. Both of the anti-Id reagents reacted with the immunizing MoAb in ELISA and inhibited the interaction of the immunizing MoAb with Thy-1-positive target cells. The anti-20-10-5 reagent reacted in ELISA inhibition tests with the C16-31 MoAb, yet failed to inhibit the binding of C16-31 MoAb to thymocytes. Anti-C16-31 Id reacted with the 20-10-5 MoAb both in ELISA assays and in cell-bound fluorescence inhibition tests. These results indicate that anti-C16-31 Id detects an Id determinant shared by C16-31 and 20-10-5 MoAb, which is a binding site-related idiotype, while anti-20-10-5 Id detects an idiotypic determinant shared by these two MoAb that is not located at the combining site of C16-31 MoAb. In contrast to the marked cross-reactivity found between C16-31 and 20-10-5 MoAb, the two anti-Id reagents showed only a weak cross-reactivity with five other Thy-1 autoantibodies tested, including those autoantibodies that showed patterns of reactivity similar to those of C16-31 and 20-10-5, with various target cells. It is concluded, therefore, that individual autoreactive Thy-1 MoAb possess distinctive idiotypic determinants, although some cross-reactivity can be detected between certain MoAbs.
Animals↗
Binding of mouse red blood cells (MRBC) by human thymocytes: augmentation of rosette formation by phospholipase C treatment.
The formation of rosettes with MRBC is not an exclusive property of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and of human B-lymphocytes. Human thymus cells and the HD-MAR T-cell line were also found to be capable of forming rosettes with MRBC. The binding of MRBC by thymocytes differed from that of sheep (SRBC), rabbit (RRBC) and human (HRBC) erythrocytes by a number of parameters: monoclonal antibodies against the E-receptor inhibited the attachment of SRBC, RRBC, and HRBC, but not of MRBC to thymus cells. The presence of EDTA had the opposite effect, abrogating only the attachment of MRBC to thymus cells but not of RBC from the other sources. Exposure of thymus cells to pronase eliminated their capacity to bind SRBC, RRBC, and HRBC, but only slightly inhibited the attachment of MRBC. Treatment with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase enhanced the formation of rosettes with SRBC, RRBC, and HRBC, but had no effect on the formation of rosettes with MRBC. Exposure of thymus cells and of the HD-MAR cells to phospholipase C enhanced the proportion of rosettes formed with MRBC, but had no effect on the binding of other RBC. Treatment with either phospholipase A2 or phospholipase D had no such effect. The binding of MRBC by Raji cells was not increased by phospholipase C treatment. The present study indicates that the binding of MRBC by human thymus cells is mediated by receptors distinct from those involved in the binding of SRBC, RRBC, and HRBC and also from those mediating the binding of MRBC to human B-cells.
Animals↗
Surgical treatment of cryptorchidism.
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Cryptorchidism↗
Idiotype regulation of thymus autoantibodies.
Rabbit antisera specific for idiotypic determinants (Id) of monoclonal Thy-1 autoantibodies were tested for their capacity to elicit Id-bearing thymus autoantibodies in mice. Rabbits were immunized with the 20-10-5 monoclonal IgM Thy-1 autoantibody, and idiotype-specific antibodies (anti-Id) were obtained by affinity chromatography. BALB/c and C3H mice were immunized by repeated i.p. injections of the anti-Id reagent. Control mice received repeated injections of purified normal rabbit immunoglobulin (NRIg) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or human serum albumin (HSA). The sera of the treated mice were examined for their reactivity with anti-Id xenoantisera and for their capacity to react with thymus cells. The injection of anti-Id sera into either BALB/c or C3H mice resulted in a significant increase in the serum concentration of Id-bearing immunoglobulins, while no such change was observed in the sera of mice injected with NRIg. The administration of anti-Id, NRIg, SRBC or HSA resulted in a gradual increase in the concentration of autoantibodies reactive with thymus cells. Incubation with anti-Id sera prevented the binding to thymus cells of autoantibodies induced by anti-Id treatment. In contrast, the binding capacity of autoantibodies induced by NRIg, SRBC or HSA was unaffected by anti-Id sera. Thus, only the thymus autoantibodies induced by anti-Id treatment expressed Id-determinants. These results demonstrate the existence of a regulatory network in the formation of thymus autoantibodies.
Animals↗
Cholesterol and steroid levels in human follicular fluids of human menopausal gonadotropin-induced cycles for in vitro fertilization.
Fifty-eight follicular fluids (FF) were obtained from 18 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Follicular development was induced by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and follicular aspiration was performed 36 hr after an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Two stages of oocyte-corona-cumulus complexes (OCCCs) morphological maturation was identified in this population: intermediate and mature. FF from which intermediate and mature OCCCs were obtained did not differ in 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and cholesterol levels. Fifty OCCCs were fertilized and eight were not fertilized. No difference was found in E2, P, and cholesterol levels in those two populations of OCCCs. Forty hours after insemination 50% of the oocytes were at the two-cell stage and 50% were at the three-cell stage. Steroids and cholesterol levels did not differ in FF from which those two groups of embryos originated. A direct correlation was found among the levels of cholesterol, E2, and P in the FF. An inverted ratio of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was found in FF compared to serum in 10 women. It is concluded that FF cholesterol levels have no value in predicting follicular maturation.
Adult↗
Octoson imaging in pediatric urology.
Ultrasonic imaging of infants and children using an automated transducer water-path delay scanning system (Octoson) overcomes many of the technical difficulties of contact B mode ultrasound imaging and computed tomography. These disadvantages relate to small patient size, motion artifacts, hypothermia, and lack of patient cooperation. Sedation may be required for either conventional study. The automated water-path system is soothing to small children, maintains the body temperature of infants, and avoids direct transducer contact. Sedation is not necessary. Excellent resolution, shorter scan time than computed tomography, and greater flexibility of patient and transducer positioning allows much more complete imaging information. In addition, the panoramic view obtained using this modality serves to demonstrate the complete lesion and its relationship to surrounding structures.
Child↗
The effect of insulin on progesterone production and cellular growth in long-term cultures of human granulosa lutein cells.
The direct action of insulin on human granulosa lutein cells (GLCs) in long-term cultures obtained from in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles was investigated. Progesterone (P) secretion by GLC increased progressively in both basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 100 mIU/ml) stimulated conditions up to 4 days in culture, and plateaued thereafter. Insulin (0.0025 mU/ml to 2500 mU/ml) had no effect on either basal or hCG stimulation during the culture period. GLC in culture formed a monolayer and multiplied at a rate of approximately once every 3 days. Neither morphology nor cell division was affected by insulin in supraphysiologic levels (25 mU/ml). These results suggest that GLC obtained from preovulatory follicles in an IVF program are already stimulated maximally by in vivo exposure to high doses of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/hCG administered to the women. Contrary to its stimulatory effect on early preovulatory granulosa cells, insulin dose not affect P production, cellular morphology, or growth rate of luteinized granulosa cells.
Cell Division↗
Outpatient catheterless modified Mathieu hypospadias repair.
Distal penile hypospadias was repaired in 59 boys with a modification of the Mathieu technique. Since a watertight urethroplasty is performed without overlying suture lines, catheter drainage and urinary diversion may not be necessary and they were not used in any patient. Penile nerve block and a small dressing allowed for postoperative mobilization. An excellent cosmetic and functional result was achieved with few complications, even in boys who had had prior unsatisfactory repairs. Because the children are ambulatory postoperatively and tolerate voiding through the repair, this procedure often is performed on an outpatient basis.
Adolescent↗
The specificity of the pupillary actions of morphine and naloxone.
Like many other opiates, morphine has a specific dose dependent mydriatic effect in mice which is antagonized by naloxone. In the present work we have studied the pupillary effects of the dextrorotatory isomers of morphine and naloxone, in comparison with the levorotatory active isomers. The dextrorotatory isomers lacked agonist and antagonist action, respectively. These results confirm that the pupillary effects of opiates are mediated through specific opiate receptors.
Animals↗