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R R Tubbs

Publications and source records attributed to R R Tubbs.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Antikeratin antibodies in tumor diagnosis. Distinction between seminoma and embryonal carcinoma.

The authors investigated the presence and distribution of keratin in germ cell tumors using a rabbit-anti-keratin antiserum and a monoclonal antikeratin antibody--which is specific for keratin classes of 40, 50, and 56.5 kdaltons--by various immunohistochemical methods on frozen sections, alcohol-fixed, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Thirty-four germ cell tumors were studied. These were the following: 18 seminomas, 10 embryonal carcinomas, 2 teratocarcinomas, 3 yolk sac tumors and 1 choriocarcinoma. All seminomas, including four poorly differentiated (so-called anaplastic seminomas), gave negative results, regardless of the method employed. Embryonal carcinoma, the epithelial component of the teratocarcinoma, the yolk sac tumors, and choriocarcinoma were at least focally positive for keratin. The monoclonal antibody provided a cleaner background and stronger staining than the rabbit-anti-total-human-epidermal-keratin antibody. Best results were obtained from fresh-frozen sections or alcohol-fixed, paraffin-embedded materials. Formalin-fixed, nonseminomatous tumors, when predigested with trypsin and incubated overnight with primary antibody, gave no false-negative results but staining was often focal. The authors' results agree with the reported absence of detectable keratin in primordial germ cells of the normal testis, and with prevailing concepts of the histogenesis of germ cell tumors. These results indicate that the presence or absence of keratin by immunocytochemical methods can be helpful in distinguishing seminoma from embryonal carcinoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Antigenic phenotype of splenic hairy cells.

Hairy cell leukemia, a distinct clinical and morphologic lymphoproliferative disorder, is characterized by the proliferation of mononuclear cells of uncertain derivation. Attempts to identify the cell of origin have used studies either of functional capabilities or of membrane/cytoplasmic antigens. Only a few cases have been studied via monoclonal antibodies. Frozen sections of splenic tissue involved with hairy cell leukemia were studied with a variety of monoclonal antibodies having specificity for differentiation antigens using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex technique. Conventional direct and indirect immunohistochemical study was used for immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. In all but one case, the neoplastic cells expressed monoclonal immunoglobulin. Although T cells were identified in persisting periarteriolar sheaths and occasionally admixed with red blood cells in pseudosinuses, phenotypic expression of intrathymic or peripheral T cell antigens by the proliferating neoplastic cells was not observed. Conversely, expression of B1 and HLA-Dr antigens by splenic hairy cells was documented in all 10 cases. Hairy cell leukemia cells did not express either monocyte antigens (M1 and MO2) or the antigens expressed by early (J5) and intermediate (B2) B cells or plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells (T10). These immunohistochemical results with monoclonal antibodies provide further evidence that hairy cell leukemia is characterized by a combination of antigens peculiar to mature B lymphocytes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Infectious crystalline keratopathy.

In three patients (three men, 44, 67, and 83 years old) an unusual keratopathy characterized by white, branching, crystalline stromal opacities produced lesions that were insidious, that increased in size slowly, and that were clinically and histopathologically associated with little corneal inflammation. Intraocular inflammation eventually became evident in two of the patients. The keratopathy developed while the patients were using topical corticosteroids. In two cases, histopathologic studies disclosed accumulations of gram-positive cocci in the corneal stroma; a viridans streptococcus agent was isolated on culture. In one case, the viridans streptococcus was determined to be a dextran producer, which may have contributed to the pathogenesis of the keratopathy. Despite aggressive treatment with a variety of drugs, epithelial healing, and resolution of the corneal infiltrate, residual scarring persisted in two cases and neovascularization and graft edema in one case each.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Immunoregulatory Leu-7+ and T8+ lymphocytes in B-cell follicular lymphomas.

Lymphocyte subpopulations were profiled in lymph nodes and tonsils showing follicular hyperplasia and in follicular lymphomas with monoclonal antibodies on frozen tissue sections. Immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets identified with T8 and Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies were quantified within the follicular centers (FC) of the nonneoplastic tissue and neoplastic follicles of the lymphomas with an optical grid defining a unit surface area (USA) of 0.04 mm2. T8+ cells were essentially confined to the interfollicular areas, with a few cells occupying the FC of the nonneoplastic specimens (mean, two and five cells/USA for tonsils and benign lymph nodes, respectively). Although lymphomas exhibited a similar pattern of distribution of T8+ cells, 17 T8+ cells/USA were observed in the follicular small cleaved cell (FSCL) group and eight T8+ cells/USA within the follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell (FML) group. Leu-7+ cells were almost entirely confined to the FC of the nonneoplastic tissues and increased (mean, 17 and 19 cells/USA for tonsils and benign lymph nodes, respectively) compared with the T8+ population. Variable distributions of Leu-7+ cells were found in the FSCL group, with a mean of 16 cells/USA. Very few Leu-7+ cells were present in the FML group. Natural killer cells and/or cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes may play an immunoregulatory role in modulating the growth of follicular lymphomas.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Immunophenotypic characterization of acute leukemia by immunocytology.

The potential for specific immunophenotypic characterization of the acute leukemias has been enhanced greatly by the development of monoclonal antibodies. Currently, this immunologic data is obtained most commonly by flow cytometric analysis or cellular cytotoxicity assays. The former is an expensive technic that lacks morphologic evaluation unless cell sorting is performed. The latter precludes morphologic assessment by the nature of the assay. The authors have developed an immunostaining procedure utilizing cytospin preparations and immunoperoxidase methods that are relatively inexpensive and allow simultaneous assessment of the immunologic markers and cellular morphology. Although a comparison of flow cytometry and immunocytology revealed quantitative differences for individual cell surface markers, the "qualitative" immunologic phenotype of the leukemic population was virtually identical by the two technics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Intracranial extension of inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit. Case report.

Orbital pseudotumors are inflammatory lesions of the orbit of unknown etiology, which initially mimic an orbital neoplasm. Involvement of the other orbit is uncommon, and extension into the paranasal sinus rare. Intracranial extension of pseudotumor of the orbit is previously unreported. This is a case report of a patient with pseudotumor of the orbit with intracranial extension. The literature of the subject is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Enzyme immunohistochemistry: technical aspects.

The enzyme immunohistochemical techniques developed during the past decade have contributed greatly to our understanding of disease processes and have become an essential tool in the evaluation of many disease states. The availability of these techniques permits the visual localization of tissue antigens in permanent preparation with the potential for visualization of adjacent tissue morphology. This paper outlines the theoretical principles underlying immunohistochemical techniques, the new technical developments and pitfalls of currently available techniques, characterization of nonhazardous chromogens, and quality control for these procedures.

Chromogenic Compounds↗
PubMed1984

Tumorigenicity in athymic mice of the human colon carcinoma cell line SW1116 expressing the tumor-associated antigenic determinant CA 19-9.

The human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 under optimal growth conditions synthesized and shed antigens bearing the monoclonal antibody-defined carbohydrate determinant CA 19-9. Antigen expressing CA 19-9 in cell culture supernatant was quantitated by an immunoradiometric assay for CA 19-9. Injection of SW1116 cells s.c. into athymic BALB/c mice resulted in the growth of moderately differentiated tumors possessing a distinct morphological resemblance to a typical adenocarcinoma of the colon. Intervals to tumor appearance were dependent on inoculum dose, but 95% of mice at both 5 X 10(6) and 10(7) cells/mouse developed tumors within 14 to 21 days. CA 19-9 antigen was detected in the sera of all nude mice with SW1116 tumors, and antigen concentration correlated (r = 0.77) with tumor volume throughout the 9-week study. The half-life of this antigen in serum following tumor excision from nude mice was 6.5 +/- 1.5 (S.D.) hr. Carcinoembryonic antigen was also detected in serum from mice bearing SW1116 tumors by an immunoradiometric assay for carcinoembryonic antigen, but its concentration correlated (r = 0.86) with tumor volume for only the first 4 weeks of tumor growth. Significant levels of endogenous immunoglobulin G1 and immunoglobulin G3 antibodies to CA 19-9 antigen were found in the serum of nude mice with SW1116 tumors by radioimmunodiffusion, but no apparent relationship between antibody titer and tumor growth or CA 19-9 antigen level in serum was evident. This tumor model may be useful in devising radioimmunodetection and immunotherapeutic strategies for primary and metastatic human colon carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistology of lymphoproliferative disorders.

Malignant lymphomas have come to be recognized as neoplasms of the immune system. These lymphoproliferative disorders demonstrate surface and cytoplasmic antigenic phenotypes that reflect qualitative and quantitative alterations or aberrant expression of genetic material. Traditionally, cell suspension studies have been used for phenotypic analysis. Alternative immunohistologic methods can be used to profile immunophenotypes in situ. Most lymphoproliferative disorders can be readily classified as T or B cell malignancies, and criteria have been evolved to differentiate neoplastic from reactive/physiologic expansions of lymphoid clones. However, antigenic phenotypic expression does not always correspond to known immunophenotypes of subsets of T or B cells and probably reflects the complexity of neoplastic transformation. Currently, frozen tissue sections, preferably in combination with cell suspension analysis using cytocentrifuge preparations and/or flow cytometry, can provide information to phenotype lymphomas classified by the International Formulation or other nomenclature. Their continued utility depends on development of and adherence to strict quality assurance programs.

B-Lymphocytes↗