Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R R Ranney

Publications and source records attributed to R R Ranney.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Relationship of serum antibody to attachment level patterns in young adults with juvenile periodontitis or generalized severe periodontitis.

The goal of this study was to relate attachment loss patterns in early onset periodontitis subjects (juvenile periodontitis n = 47 and severe (generalized) periodontitis n = 52) with antibody reactivities to 25 bacterial strains which were suspected periodontal pathogens. The 25 antibody reactivities were screened by correlation analysis. Eleven strains were found to be significantly related to attachment loss. Using these 11 reactivities, stepwise multiple linear regression with plaque and age as covariates was used to further relate the reactivities within each subject group. Plaque was significantly related to the number of teeth with slight, moderate, or severe attachment loss. A significant inverse relationship was found between antibody reactivity with Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and the number of teeth having slight or moderate attachment loss. Similarly a significant inverse relationship between antibody reactivity with Bacteroides gingivalis and the number of teeth having moderate or severe attachment loss was found. The inverse relationship between the two antibody reactivities and attachment loss patterns were independent of the positive relationship of plaque. These relationships suggest that the failure to mount a substantial antibody response to these organisms leads to greater and more widespread periodontal disease in early onset periodontitis subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Serum antibody reactive with predominant organisms in the subgingival flora of young adults with generalized severe periodontitis.

In the present study we sought to determine whether serum antibody was present against microorganisms which predominate in the subgingival flora of young adults with generalized severe periodontitis (SP). Subjects with SP were often seropositive for Eubacterium brachy, Fusobacterium nucleatum E3C22, and Peptostreptococcus micros, whereas subjects with juvenile periodontitis (JP) and subjects with healthy periodontium (HP) were not. Both SP and JP subjects were more frequently seropositive for Bacteroides gingivalis, F. nucleatum D52B16, and F. nucleatum E1D1 than were HP subjects. The data were most striking for B. gingivalis, for which both the incidence and the magnitude of specific antibody was clearly elevated for SP and JP subject groups. However, SP subjects generally had either a high antibody titer or no detectable titer. In contrast, JP and HP subjects generally had at least very small amounts of antibody. Except at very low levels of antibody, neither SP nor JP groups differed significantly from the HP group for antibody to Eubacterium nodatum, Bacteroides intermedius (homology group 4197 or 8944), or Lactobacillus minutus antibody. There was a high frequency of antibody to E. nodatum, with very high titers in all groups despite the fact that this organism is rarely found in HP subjects. For Eubacterium timidum, the JP group was clearly more frequently seropositive than the HP group. Despite high levels of L. minutus in subgingival flora, none of the 50 SP subjects had a detectable antibody titer, and only four of the HP and JP subjects had detectable antibody. These results indicate that many organisms in the subgingival flora elicit antibody responses. B. gingivalis is probably the best example among the species tested. However, some organisms that are present in high concentration, e.g., L. minutus, apparently fail to induce significant antibody responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Comparative bacteriology of juvenile periodontitis.

Statistical comparisons of the floras associated with juvenile periodontitis, severe periodontitis, and moderate periodontitis indicated that differences in the bacterial compositions of affected sites in these populations were not statistically significant. The subgingival flora of affected juvenile periodontitis sites was statistically significantly different from the adjacent supragingival flora and from the subgingival floras of people with healthy gingiva and of children with developing (experimental) gingivitis. However, the subgingival flora of affected juvenile periodontitis sites was not significantly different from the flora of sites with gingival index scores of 1 or 2 in adults with developing (experimental) gingivitis. Of 357 bacterial taxa among over 18,000 isolates, 54 non-treponemal species, 2 treponemal species, and mycoplasma were most associated with diseased periodontal sulci. These species comprised an increasing proportion of the flora during developing gingivitis and constituted over half of the cultivable flora of diseased sites.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between gingival crevicular fluid and serum antibody titers in young adults with generalized and localized periodontitis.

The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between concentrations of antibodies in serum and those in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with juvenile periodontitis and severe periodontitis. Most antigens used to quantitate antibodies were obtained from a panel of bacteria associated with juvenile periodontitis or severe periodontitis. We further investigated variation in antibody titer among different periodontal sites and the extent to which antibody in GCF is locally derived. Titers of antibody, total immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human serum albumin were determined with sensitive radioimmunoassays. The relationship between serum and GCF antibody was complex. Both person-to-person variability and marked variability within the same subject were found among different sites of similar clinical status. The site-to-site variability was found not only for antibody reactive with periodontal organisms, but also for antitetanus toxoid, total IgG, and even human serum albumin. Generally the variability was in the degree of depression of the level in GCF relative to that in serum. However, anti-Bacteroides gingivalis and anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in GCF often exceeded the level in serum. When antibody titers in serum and GCF were calculated per milligram of human serum albumin, most of the apparent depressions of antibody in GCF disappeared. The ratio of antibody in serum to that in GCF approached unity for all organisms except B. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4, which were markedly elevated. Furthermore, the level of IgG per milligram of human serum albumin in GCF was about twice the level in serum. We believe that human serum albumin reflects serum contribution to the GCF, and we therefore attribute the increased level of IgG per milligram of albumin in GCF to local synthesis. It appears that anti-B. gingivalis and anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans represent an important portion of this local antibody synthesis, since most seropositive patients with severe or juvenile periodontitis had at least one site elevated, and the magnitudes of the elevations were large in many sites. Those sites yielding elevated antibody exhibited no obvious differences in clinical parameters of probeable depth or attachment level as compared with sites in which antibody levels in GCF were similar to serum levels. Elevated antibody in GCF may relate to changes in disease activity that are not detectable by usual clinical measures.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1985

A clinical trial of phenoxymethyl penicillin for adjunctive treatment of juvenile periodontitis.

A double-blind clinical trial of oral penicillin as an adjunct to conventional treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis (JP) was conducted. Sixteen subjects with JP were paired on the basis of general similarity of disease, and within each pair the persons were assigned randomly, one to a placebo group and one to a penicillin group. Neither patients nor therapist/examiner were aware of whether placebo or penicillin was being taken. All subjects received an initial scaling and root planing of all teeth and flap surgery of all affected sites. Every 12 weeks after surgery through Week 62 of the study, root planing and oral hygiene instructions were repeated. Phenoxymethyl penicillin (250 mg qid) or placebo was started the day of surgery and each recall visit and lasted for 10 days. Clinical measurements were made at the beginning of the study and at each recall visit. In both groups there was a significant decrease in plaque scores, gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding and probeable depths for all sites and for affected sites. Similarly there was a significant increase in attachment level and radiographic bone height, and a total elimination of suppuration. The favorable changes were apparent at the first postsurgical recall (Week 26 of the study) and remained essentially the same through Week 62. The magnitude of change in these parameters was similar to that reported by others for treatment regimes including tetracycline therapy. However, there were no differences in any parameters between the placebo and penicillin groups. Half of the subjects (4 in each group) were continued in the study for another 9 months (Week 98).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Localized juvenile periodontitis and generalized severe periodontitis: clinical findings.

Medically healthy subjects (N = 103), 10-32 years of age, with localized (juvenile periodontitis = JP) or generalized (severe periodontitis = SP) advanced periodontal disease were analyzed for interrelationships of sex, race, age and clinical findings. Females predominated (2:1) in both JP and SP. There were significantly more subjects of the black race in JP, but when age was included as a cofactor the race distinction became insignificant. While whole mouth Plaque and Gingival Indices were lower in JP, these values at sites with attachment loss were equally high in both groups. Extent of disease was significantly related to both plaque and age in SP, and to plaque but not to age in JP. This suggests the existence of a factor(s) in JP which interfere(s) with the age-plaque-disease relationships found in SP and present in adult periodontitis. Contrary to implications of some definitions of JP, periodontal attachment loss was strongly associated with plaque and gingival inflammation in both localized and generalized patterns of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

T-cell regulation of polyclonal B-cell activation induced by extracts of oral bacteria associated with periodontal diseases.

These studies were designed to examine the role of regulatory T cells in the polyclonal antibody response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to extracts of bacterial isolates commonly associated with periodontal disease. Polyclonal antibody responses to the organisms tested were found to be T cell dependent, as are most of the B-cell activators in the human system. Functional T helper activity was resistant to 1,500 rads of irradiation. Optimal polyclonal antibody responses to the bacterial extracts occurred at a 3:1 T-cell-to-B-cell ratio, whereas pokeweed mitogen-induced responses peaked at a 1:1 ratio, suggesting a difference in T-cell regulatory influences in response to these activators. Purified populations of T helper and suppressor cells exerted potent regulatory control of the responses to the bacterial extracts. These findings support the conclusion that regulatory T lymphocytes exert a potent modulating influence over the polyclonal response to periodontally associated bacteria and may play an important role in regulating the lymphocyte response in the diseased site.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1984

Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in children.

Children are more resistant to gingivitis than are adults. To determine possible differences in their periodontal floras, an experimental gingivitis study, identical in design to one reported earlier with young adults, was conducted with four 4- to 6-year-old children. The incidence of sites that developed gingival index scores of 2 in children was less than one-third of the incidence observed in adults. The composition of the flora of each child was statistically significantly different from that of any other child or adult. The floras of the children as a group were statistically significantly different from those of the adults. Children had 3-fold greater proportions of Leptotrichia species, 2.5-fold greater proportions of Capnocytophaga species, 2.3-fold greater proportions of Selenomonas species, 2-fold greater proportions of bacterial species that require formate and fumarate, and 1.5-fold greater proportions of Bacteroides species. Adults had greater proportions of Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus species. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces WVa 963, Selenomonas D04, and Treponema socranskii were predominant species that correlated with increasing gingival index scores in both children and adults.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Variation in periodontal floras.

Statistical analyses indicated (i) that the floras of individual samples taken from the depth of sulci with nickel-plated Morse 00 scalers were highly reproducible and representative of the flora present at any given time, (ii) that the different compositions of floras of different people with similar clinical signs were statistically highly significant, and (iii) that floras of different affected sites may differ significantly in some (two of three) people at any one time or may differ from week to week in other people (one of three). Thus the flora composition of individual sites appears to be in dynamic flux, probably in response either to environmental changes or to host responses. There was no evidence that double sampling per se (two single passes with 00 scalers) changed the composition of the flora. Repeat samples taken after 1 week were slightly more similar to the initial samples than were samples taken after 3 weeks.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

B-lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to periodontitis-associated bacteria. Kinetics and proportion of total response.

A role for activated B-lymphocytes in mediating the initiation and/or progression of periodontal diseases has been proposed in previous work. The present study was conducted to: (1) assess the proportion of total lymphocyte blastogenic response to selected oral bacteria which is composed of T-cell and B-cell activation, respectively, and (2) to determine whether different kinetic patterns exist for the T-cell vs. the B-cell responses to these bacteria. Using lymphocyte rosetting and culturing techniques, rosette-positive and rosette-negative lymphocyte preparations were examined for blastogenic responsiveness following stimulation with a variety of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative periodontitis-associated bacteria. Results of these studies indicated that both peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy adults and cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) from placental afterbirths responded to these bacteria with similar kinetic patterns. The net PBL blastogenic response appeared to consist of an early B-cell response, which peaked at Days 2 or 3 of culture, followed by a later T-cell response, which peaked at Days 5 to 6 of culture. The B-cell response appeared to be T-cell-dependent in that B-cells cultured alone showed minimal thymidine uptake over the entire 6-day period, but the addition of irradiated T-cells to these B-cell cultures resulted in a greatly enhanced B-cell response.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Evidence of mitogenic activity in periodontitis-associated bacteria.

This study examines several periodontitis-associated bacterial isolates for the presence of mitogenic activity, as indicated by their capacity to stimulate unsensitized lymphocytes to undergo blastogenesis. Germfree mouse spleen cells responded vigorously to all of the bacterial sonic extracts tested. The kinetics and dose responses to these activators in germfree mouse spleen cell cultures paralleled those seen with the standard murine B-cell mitogen, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. In contrast, Streptokinase-Streptodornase (Varidase; Lederle Laboratories) antigen elicited no response. Human cord blood lymphocytes also responded upon stimulation with these same bacterial isolates but failed to respond to Streptokinase-Streptodornase. The frequency, magnitude, and kinetics of these cord blood lymphocyte responses were remarkably similar to those seen with adult peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, in this and previous studies, individuals with unresponsive peripheral blood lymphocytes have been observed. Studies were initiated to determine whether these unresponsive leukocyte preparations truly lacked the capacity to respond to these bacteria or whether unresponsiveness reflected the presence of a regulatory cell population in these cultures. After the removal of the adherent cells from unresponsive peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, the nonadherent cells were found to be responsive. Therefore, peripheral blood lymphocyte responsiveness appears to be regulated via an adherent cell population. The removal of adherent cells from unresponsive cord blood lymphocyte preparations resulted in a less consistent alteration to responsiveness. However, cord blood lymphocyte preparations unresponsive at a standard cell density were shown to be responsive at altered cell densities.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bacteriology of moderate (chronic) periodontitis in mature adult humans.

A total of 171 taxa was represented among 1,900 bacterial isolates from 60 samples of sites affected with moderate periodontitis in 22 mature adult humans. The composition of the subgingival sulcus flora was statistically significantly different from that of the adjacent supragingival flora and the subgingival flora of 14 people with healthy gingiva, but was not significantly different from that of sulci affected with severe periodontitis in 21 young human adults. The sulcus floras of moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis shared many of their predominant bacterial species, but there were differences in the relative proportions of some of these species. Similar relationships were found for seven taxa of treponemes that were cultured from the samples.

Adult↗