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Biomedical subjects

R R Pate

Publications and source records attributed to R R Pate.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Physical education and its role in school health promotion.

In this article, the authors promote the concept of health-oriented physical education, discuss professional standards, examine the current status of physical education programs, and discuss trends affecting physical education. Recommendations to make physical education more effective are provided.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Physical fitness programming for health promotion at the worksite.

Exercise enthusiasts and health professionals have recommended that physical fitness programs be implemented in the occupational setting. Such programs are promoted on the basis of expected benefits to both the employee and employer. The potential for benefit to the employee seems substantial, since a sizable body of knowledge links regular exercise to improved functional capacity and reduced risk for development of certain chronic diseases. The available literature provides some direct evidence that exercise programs can improve the health status of employee groups. Specifically, programs may generate improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular health and promote long-term adherence to exercise. The physiological goals can be attained with programs that provide 20-30 min of moderately intense "aerobic" activity 3 or more days per week. Several factors are known to affect adherence of employees to company-sponsored fitness programs. Of particular importance are program leadership, motivational schema, program activities, convenience of participation, and social support. It is recommended that, where feasible, supervisors of employee fitness programs (a) secure professional leadership, (b) provide on-site or other facilities that maximize convenience, (c) allow participation across the widest possible time span, (d) provide programs offering a wide range of activities, (e) attend carefully to evaluation, recognition, and other motivational concerns, and (f) incorporate a comprehensive health promotion perspective.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of arm training on retention of training effects derived from leg training.

This study examined the effects of arm training on retention of training effects produced by leg training. Thirteen adult male subjects leg trained on bicycle ergometers for 8 weeks. During the subsequent 4 week control period group AT (N = 4) arm trained by cranking an ergometer, group DT (N = 4) discontinued training and group LT (N = 5) continued leg training. Metabolic response to maximal and submaximal (80% initial Vo2max) leg work was observed before (Test I) and after (Test II) the 8 week leg training program and at the conclusion of the control period (Test III). With the initial 8 weeks of leg training Vo2max and maximal Ve increased while Vo2, HR, Ve and blood lactate decreased during submaximal work (p less than .05). R was decreased during both maximal and submaximal work (p less than .05). Analysis of covariance of the Test III means (Test II as covariate) yielded significant (p less than .05)F-ratios for Vo2max and R at Vo2max. Post hoc testing indicated that Vo2max was greater in LT than in AT or DT but that there was no difference between AT and DT. R at Vo2max was greater in DT than in LT or AT. These data suggest that arm training does not significantly affect the deterioration in metabolic response to leg work which occurs with cessation of leg training.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of questionnaires to measure psychosocial influences on children's physical activity.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate questionnaires used to measure psychosocial determinants of physical activity in preadolescent children. METHODS: Three theory-based questionnaires and a measure of after-school physical activity were administered to 422 fifth-grade students. A cross-validation design was employed for psychometric development of the scales, including factor analysis, reliability, and validation by correlating scale scores with intention to be physically active and after-school physical activity. RESULTS: The Social Influences scale contained a single factor. The Self-Efficacy scale contained three factors: support seeking, barriers, and positive alternatives. The Beliefs scale contained two factors: social outcomes and physical activity outcomes. Reliability coefficients ranged from about 0.50 to 0.78. Significant correlations were obtained between all six scales and intention in the development sample, and between five scales and intention in the validation sample. Significant correlations were obtained between social influence and self-efficacy barriers and physical activity in the development sample, and between social influences and physical activity in the validation sample. CONCLUSIONS: Three scales to measure psychosocial determinants of physical activity were refined for use with rural, predominantly African-American, preadolescent children, and shown to be both reliable and valid. Factor analysis resulted in interpretable subscales that may be used as variables. These preliminary results provide support for using the scales to measure influences on activity in children.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective study of the determinants of physical activity in rural fifth-grade children.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors that influence physical activity behavior is important in the design of intervention programs targeted at youth. METHODS: A prospective study design was used to identify the predictors of vigorous physical activity (VPA) (> or = 6 METs) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (> or = 3 METs) among 202 rural, predominantly African-American children. Selected social-cognitive determinants of physical activity were assessed via questionnaire in the fifth grade. Participation in VPA and MVPA was assessed via the previous day physical activity recall 1 year later in the sixth grade. RESULTS: For girls, participation in community sports, self-efficacy in overcoming barriers, enjoyment of school physical education, race (white > black), and perception of mother's activity level (active vs inactive) were significant predictors of VPA. For MVPA, participation in community sports and self-efficacy in overcoming barriers were significant predictors. For boys, self-efficacy in overcoming barriers was the only significant predictor of VPA, while beliefs regarding activity outcomes and participation in community sports were significant predictors of MVPA. CONCLUSION: Social-cognitive constructs such as physical activity self-efficacy, access to community physical activity outlets, and positive beliefs regarding physical activity outcomes are important predictors of future physical activity behavior among rural, predominantly African-American children.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moderate intensity exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness in women.

Among women, there is an increased prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and less participation in physical activity at levels recommended by the Surgeon General. As a result, women have been identified as a target group in public health initiatives to increase physical activity. The health-related benefits of habitual, moderate intensity physical activity are well documented in the epidemiological literature, but less is known about the effect of such physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness. Our hypothesis was that moderate and vigorous exercise training regimens of similar estimated energy expenditure would result in similar changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Eighteen sedentary premenopausal women with the following baseline characteristics [x +/- SE]: maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) = 29.5+/-1.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); age = 33+/-1 years; height = 162.6+/-0.9 cm; mass = 62.7+/-2.3 kg, were randomly assigned to either vigorous (HI, 80% Vo2max, n = 10) or moderate intensity (MOD, 40% Vo2max, n = 8) cycle ergometer training groups. Exercise training was conducted 3-4 (3.37+/-0.05) days/week for 12 weeks in a supervised and progressive manner, with estimated exercise energy expenditure equated across both training groups. Vo2max and time to exhaustion increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05), with no difference between groups. Both groups had lower (p<0.05) posttraining submaximal heart rates (HR), respiratory exchange ratios (RER), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during graded exercise testing, with no significant differences between the groups in posttraining values. Women participating in moderate intensity exercise training as recommended in basic public health guidelines demonstrate an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness similar to that elicited by vigorous training.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical activity and public health: training courses for researchers and practitioners.

The authors explore development of courses in continuing education intended to provide additional research and practice capacity for addressing the growing burden of chronic disease and disability from physical inactivity. Two annual training courses on physical activity and public health are described. The courses are developed with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity. The University of South Carolina, School of Public Health, Prevention Research Center has been an active collaborator and was responsible for developing and implementing the courses. An eight-day "Course on Research Directions and Strategies," is offered to postdoctoral researchers, and practitioners may take a six-day "Practitioners' Course on Community Interventions." Both courses are designed to increase the number of professionals qualified to implement physical activity community interventions and conduct physical activity and public health research.

Chronic Disease↗