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Biomedical subjects

R R Monson

Publications and source records attributed to R R Monson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Intrauterine contraceptive device use and pelvic inflammatory disease.

We examined the relationship between use of IUD's and PID, based on 44 women who were admitted to hospitals with first episodes of PID and 259 hospital control subjects. All the women used either IUD's or oral contraceptives. The age-adjusted relative risk for those using IUD's at the time of admission was 6.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 13.0). The association remained when several variables, and particularly parity, were taken into account. There was a suggestion that users who had had an IUD in place for at least 5 years had a higher risk of PID than did users of shorter duration. The data also suggest that copper-containing IUD's may be safer than other devices.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Outcome of the delivery following an induced or spontaneous abortion.

We reviewed 5,003 records of consecutive deliveries in 1975 and 1976 at Boston Hospital for Women, abstracted demographic and obstetric data, and analyzed singleton deliveries at 27 weeks' gestation or greater. We compared women with exactly one prior proximate induced or spontaneous abortion with women of similar gravidity or parity with no prior pregnancy losses. Offspring of women with a proximate induced abortion had no higher frequency of short gestations, low Apgar scores, or congenital malformations than those born of women with no prior loss. Offspring of secundigravidas with a proximate abortion had birth weights similar to those of other primigravidas. Thus we have found that women with a single prior induced abortion have no increased risk of poor outcome of the next pregnancy after 27 weeks' gestation. In contrast, offspring of secundigravidas with a proximate spontaneous abortion had an increased frequency of short gestations, low birth weights, low Apgar scores, and congenital malformations, indicating that these women are a high-risk group for subsequent poor late pregnancy outcomes.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1978

Mortality among Boston firefighters, 1915--1975.

Although the nature of firefighting involves particular health hazards, previous mortality and morbidity studies of firemen have produced inconsistent evidence for an increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancer and accidents. Mortality experience since 1915 has been examined in 5655 Boston firefighters, comprising all male members of the city fire department with three or more years of service. The observed cause of death as stated on the death certificates of 2470 deceased firefighters has been compared with the numbers expected based on rates for the male population of Massachusetts and of the United States of America. Among all firefighters, deaths from all causes were 91% of expected. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was markedly reduced (less than 50) for infectious disease, diabetes, rheumatic heart disease, chronic nephritis, blood diseases and suicide. The SMR was 86 for cardiovascular deaths, 83 for neoplastic deaths, and 93 for respiratory deaths. The SMR for accidents was 135 for active firefighters. The results suggest that the survival experience of firefighters is strongly influenced by strict entry selection procedures, ethnic derivation, and sociocultural attributes of membership. While excessive morbidity has been demonstrated in firefighters, there does not appear to be a strong association between occupation and cause-specific mortality.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

Cancer mortality and morbidity among rubber workers.

Mortality and morbidity from cancer among a cohort of 13,570 white male rubber workers were examined. Each man worked for at least 5 years at the Akron, Ohio, plant of the B. F. Goodrich Company. The potential period of follow-up was from January 1, 1940 to June 30, 1976. Departmental work histories were based primarily on records maintained by Local no. 5, United Rubber Workers. The occurrence of cancer was measured by death certificates and by a survey of Akron-area hospital tumor registries from 1964 to 1974. Two types of analyses were made: 1) an external comparison of mortality rates of rubber workers versus rates of U.S. white males, and 2) an internal comparison of cancer morbidity rates among persons who were employed in various work areas of the plant. Excess cases of specific cancers (observed/expected numbers) among workers in specific work areas included: stomach and intestine: rubber making (30/14.4); lung: tire curing (31/14.1), fuel cells and/or deicers (46/29.1); bladder: chemical plant (6/2.4), and tire building (16/10.7); skin cancer: tire assembly (12/1.9); brain cancer: tire assembly (8/2.0); lymphatic cancer: tire building (8/3.2); and leukemia: calendering (8/2.2), tire curing (8/2.6), tire building (12/7.5), elevators (4/1.4), tubes (4/1.6), and rubber fabrics (4/1.1). Agents that may be responsible for these excesses were considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Antenatal exposure to doxylamine succinate and dicyclomine hydrochloride (Benedectin) in relation to congenital malformations, perinatal mortality rate, birth weight, and intelligence quotient score.

In a prospective cohort study of 20, 282 gravidas and their offspring, congenital malformation rates were similar in the children of over 1,000 women exposed and those not exposed to two components of Bendectin (doxylamine succinate and dicyclomine hydrochloride) during the first four lunar months of pregnancy. In a cohort reduced to 41,337 mother-child pairs for technical reasons, mean birth weight and perinatal mortality rates were similar according to exposure or nonexposure to either drug, as were intelligence quotient scores measured at four years of age in 28,358 of the children. Control of potential confounding factors with a variety of multivariate techniques did not materially alter these findings.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1977

Antenatal exposure to the phenothiazines in relation to congenital malformations, perinatal mortality rate, birth weight, and intelligence quotient score.

In a prospective cohort study of 50,282 gravidas and their offspring, over-all rates of congenital malformations were similar in 1,309 children of women exposed to phenothiazine drugs during the first four lunar months of pregnancy and in 48,973 children of women who were not exposed. There was a suspicion of association between phenothiazine exposure and cardiovascular malformations. In a cohort reduced to 41,337 mother-child pairs for technical reasons, perinatal mortality rates and mean birth weight were similar according to phenothiazine exposure or nonexposure, as were intelligence quotient scores measured at four years of age in 28,358 of the children. Control of potential confounding factors with a variety of multivariate techniques did not materially alter the findings.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1977

Reduction in mortality from coronary heart disease in men residing at high altitude.

In New Mexico, where inhabited areas vary from 914 to over 2135 m above sea level, we compared age-adjusted mortality rates for arteriosclerotic heart disease for white men and women for the years 1957-1970 in five sets of counties, grouped by altitude in 305-m (1000-foot) increments. The results show a serial decline in mortality from the lowest to the highest altitude for males but not for females. Mortality rates for males residing in the county groups higher than 1220 m in order of ascending altitude were 98, 90, 86 and 72 per cent of that for the county group below 1220-m altitude (P less than 0.0001). The results do not appear to be explained by artifacts in ascertainment, variations in ethnicity or urbanization. A possible explanation of the trend is that adjustment to residence at high altitude is incomplete and daily activities therefore represent greater exercise than when undertaken at lower altitudes.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1977

Cardiovascular birth defects and antenatal exposure to female sex hormones.

In a cohort of 50,282 pregnancies 19 children with cardiovascular defects were born to 1042 women who received female hormones during early pregnancy (18.2 per 1000). Among 49,240 children not exposed in utero to these agents there were 385 with cardiovascular malformations (7.8 per 1000). Six children with cardiovascular defects were born to a sub-group of 278 women who used oral contraceptives during early pregnancy (21.5 per 1000). After the data were controlled for a wide variety of potentially confounding factors by multivariate methods, the association between in utero exposure to female hormones and cardiovascular birth defects was statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Chronic mastitis and carcinoma of the breast.

733 women in whom chronic mastitis had been diagnosed were followed for an average of 30-3 years. 49 died from breast cancer compared with an expected number of 18-8. The excess risk of dying from breast cancer persisted for at least 30 years after chronic mastitis was diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Aspirin and congenital malformations.

In a cohort of 50 282 gravidas and their offspring in the U.S.A., malformation rates were similar in the children of 35 418 women not exposed to aspirin, 9736 with intermediate exposure, and 5128 women heavily exposed during the first four lunar months of pregnancy. After controlling a wide range of potential confounding factors using multi-variate analysis, the observed and expected numbers for a variety of malformation categories were similar in all three comparison groups. The data suggest that aspirin is not teratogenic.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1976

Perinatal mortality and birth-weight in relation to aspirin taken during pregnancy.

In a cohort of 41 337 gravidas and their offspring in the U.S.A. there was no evidence that aspirin taken in pregnancy is a cause of stillbirth, neonatal death, or reduced birth-weight. The women were divided into those who were not exposed to aspirin (14 956), those with intermediate exposure (24 866), and those who were heavily exposed (1515). Stillbirth-rates were similar for all three groups. Differences in neonatal death-rates and mean birth-weights were slight and none were statistically significant. Trends were opposite among approximately equal numbers of White and Black children.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1976

Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects.

The results of two studies, one in Finland and one in the U.S.A., raise the possibility that fetal damage previously attributed to phenytoin and other anticonvulsant drugs, principally phenobarbitone, may be due to epilepsy itself. In the U.S.A., drug-exposure information was collected before delivery in a cohort of 50 282 mother/child pairs. The total malformation rate in 305 children born to epileptic mothers was 10.5%, as against 6.4% in the remainder (p less than 0.01); corresponding rates for major malformations were 6.6% and 2.7%. When the fathers had epilepsy, the malformation-rates in their children were intermediate. The rates did not vary significantly according to maternal anticonvulsants therapy. Mental and motor scores as 8 months of age, and intelligence quotient scores at 4 years were lower in children of epileptic mothers, but not in children of epileptic fathers. The scores showed only random variation according to maternal anticonvulsant therapy. In Finland, 2784 children with craniofacial anomalies were compared with an equal number of normal children; 8 and 2 mothers, respectively, received anticonvulsants, while pregnant, for epilepsy. In that study, the separate effects of the disease and its treatmet could not be evaluated. Both studies did not find evidence of fetal damage when phenobarbitone was taken for indications other than epilepsy.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗