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Biomedical subjects

R R Martin

Publications and source records attributed to R R Martin.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Quantitative nasal culture: a tool in antibiotic research.

The use of the quantitative nasal culture was investigated as a means of evaluation of new antimicrobial drugs in man. Cyclacillin was somewhat more active in vitro than penicillin G against penicillin G-resistant organisms. Cyclacillin was highly effective in suppressing staphylococci susceptible to penicillin G in nasal carriers but did not suppress staphylococci resistant to penicillin G. Although in previous studies by others cyclacillin was effective in treating mice infected with penicillin G-resistant staphylococci, in the present studies cyclacillin was not effective in suppressing nasal penicillin G-resistant staphylococci in man at doses which markedly suppressed penicillin G-sensitive organisms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1971

Histamine release in the dog after leukocyte lysate injection.

Mixed leukocyte suspensions, containing 10(6) leukocytes per ml, were prepared from dog peripheral blood by dextran sedimentation. Lysates of these suspensions, prepared by sonification, were administered intravenously to the autologous dogs. The plasma histamine levels were increased to an average value 320% above the control values (P < 0.001). The individual elements in the mixed leukocyte suspensions were separated by sucrose gradient and glass bead column fractionation procedures, and purified suspensions of platelets (no other formed elements present), lymphocytes (95 to 100%), and granulocytes (90 to 98%) were obtained. Lysates of these suspensions all had significant histamine-releasing activity when administered intravenously to dogs. Although leukocytes and platelets from other species are known to harbor mediators of histamine release, this study provides the first demonstration of the histamine-releasing activity of dog leukocytes and platelets. Many of the studies of leukocyte and platelet histamine-releasing factors have employed in vitro systems leaving the in vivo role of these factors in doubt. The present studies provide evidence that leukocyte and platelet histamine-releasing factors have in vivo activity.

Animals↗