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Biomedical subjects

R R Hall

Publications and source records attributed to R R Hall.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Radiotherapy and cystectomy for T3 bladder carcinoma.

The survival of 102 patients with category T3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated by pre-operative radiotherapy and radical cystectomy has been analysed according to the degree of down-staging of tumour as assessed by the depth of infiltration of cancer in the operative specimen. Five-year survival was 60% for patients showing evidence of down-staging compared with 30% when persistent deeply invasive tumour was present at the time of cystectomy. Analysis of available data suggests that survival of patients with category T3 bladder cancer is determined by the response of the tumour to initial radiotherapy rather than the dose of radiotherapy or the addition of cystectomy. Despite radical treatment, the survival of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer is poor; alternative, more effective forms of therapy should be sought.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1981

Oral methotrexate therapy for multiple superficial bladder carcinomata.

Patients with frequently recurring multiple class T1 bladder carcinomata have been treated with methotrexate (MTX) given as 50 mg in syrup every week. In 16 of 17 patients the frequency and number of tumor recurrences have been reduced. Measurement of MTX levels in the urine confirms that this dose of drug yields concentrations that are thought to be cytotoxic for at least 24 hours.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Scanning electron microscopy in the study of normal, inflamed and neoplastic human urothelium.

Seventy-two samples of human urothelium have been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the appearances compared with those of conventional light microscopy. Six main SEM cell types were recognised. None was diagnostic of malignancy; in particular, the presence of surface pleomorphic microvilli was not pathognomonic. However, the relation of the SEM appearance to malignancy and the accepted histological grades and clinical stages of malignancy was such as to warrant further examination.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1977

Factors affecting the outcome of cadaver renal transplantation in Newcastle upon Tyne.

In an analysis of a series of 186 consecutive first cadaver renal transplants in Newcastle upon Tyne, the most significant finding was the improved graft survival in patients who received pre-transplant blood-transfusion. This apparent benefit was not dependent on the number of units of blood received nor on the interval between transfusion and transplantation. A significant advantage was also shown when there was identity between donor and recipient at the HLA-B locus. This advantage outweighs any disadvantage resulting from the extra time required to transfer kidneys from one centre to another and indeed cold-ischaemia times up to 18 hours did not adversely affect graft survival. It is suggested that the present national distribution of cadaver kidneys in the U.K. is fully justified, but preference should be given to B-locus identity in determining selection.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1977

Immunosuppression with polyunsaturated fatty acids in renal transplantation.

A double-blind controlled trial has been undertaken to assess the value of a preparation containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in human cadaveric renal transplantation. Eighty-nine patients were studied and followed for 6 months after transplantation. Forty-four took the PUFA preparation and 45 the placebo (oleic acid). Other immunosuppression was standardised. Functional graft survival was significantly better in the PUFA group than in those taking the placebo during the first 3 to 4 months post-transplant. At 6 months, however, although the difference between the groups persisted, it was no longer statistically significant. Complications were equally distributed between the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Hyperthermia in the treatment of bladder tumours.

High temperature bladder irrigation was employed in 4 men as an alternative to cystectomy because of their age and frailty. Hyperthermic irrigation of the bladder from 63 degree C for 70 minutes to 82 degree C for 25 minutes caused partial, but not total, necrosis of the bladder. Transitional cell carcinoma appears to be resistant in vivo, in some cases, to heating at temperatures that destroy adjacent normal structures. Hyperthermic irrigation of the bladder at these high temperatures may be hazardous. In view of these findings we cannot recommend high temperature bladder irrigation as an alternative to cystectomy even in poor risk patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like molecules and urothelial malignancy: a clinical appraisal.

A total of 190 patients being treated or followed up for urothelial carcinoma have been studied by the serial estimation of their urinary and plasma CEA levels. Only 46% of patients with a urothelial neoplasm present have a raised urinary CEA level. Infection or ileal conduit urine vitiate the result as they produce high CEA levels in the urine in the absence of any neoplastic disease. The accuracy of urinary CEA estimations is compared with that of cytology. Plasma CEA levels do not serve as a useful guide to the presence of extra-urinary tract tumour spread if taken as isolated readings. However, serial plasma CEA estimations may indicate that metastatic disease is present several months before its detection by the more usual clinical methods in a minority of patients.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1974

Effects of hyperthermia on bladder cancer.

A study of the effect of bladder lavage with isotonic fluid at 45 degrees C on proliferative transitional cell carcinoma has shown definite cancericidal changes. These early studies suggest that further investigation of hyperthermia on a larger scale would be worth while.

Biopsy↗